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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

Opportunity and the charge nurse.

Nursing Standard has, over the past six weeks, produced a series of articles dealing with issues in ward management for charge nurses. Series co-ordinator Ros Brown now offers a postscript which acts as a conclusion for the series and reflects on the dilemmas and opportunities which face charge nurses as they enter into the world of purchasers and providers, hospital Trusts and PREPP. It is essential that the role of the charge nurse is not only preserved in this changing climate, she argues, but is cultivated, nurtured and recognised as an indispensable function. The future looks bright for those prepared to discard the habits of the past and grasp the challenges of the present.

Clinical Competence↗

Excellence in nursing practice.

One of the most influential pieces of nursing research in recent years has been the work of Benner (1). She uses a variety of techniques to illuminate and illustrate nursing's complexity. In so doing, she has contributed to that growing body of evidence which helps to show why and how nursing is valuable. Benner often cites vignettes of nursing actions to demonstrate particular nursing interventions, and to analyse skills and knowledge the nurse is using. Vignettes are not designed to be comprehensive case studies or to be well-referenced research projects. Nursing Standard is looking to publish a series of these as part of our contribution to help nurses and others consider the value of nursing; the first, which deals with an example from Steve Wright's experience, follows his introduction to the series, which sets out his view of why nursing matters.

Humans↗

Rehabilitation: objective assessment of muscle function.

The lack of an appropriate and objective measuring scale or tool has ensured that rehabilitation nurses' assessments of patients' muscle function have tended to be subjective and, arguably, inconsistent. Such inexact methods are no longer acceptable to the increasingly audit-conscious health service and research-oriented nursing profession. The authors introduce a means of completing an objective assessment of patients' muscle function which, they claim, will enable nurses to evaluate the efficacy of current and potential treatment options. In follow-up articles appearing in the next two editions of Nursing Standard, they discuss electrotherapeutic rehabilitation of skeletal muscle function.

Humans↗

Women, nursing and caring: the issues.

This is the first of three consecutive articles in Nursing Standard dealing with the issues affecting women in nursing. Articles two and three will focus on the specific problems faced by black and ethnic minority women, and on the future of nurse education in relation to recruitment and retention of nurses. This week, the general issues linking women, caring and nursing are examined, and some possible explanations of why so many women are found in nursing are offered.

Child, Preschool↗

Rehabilitation of muscle function. Part 2.

This article describes the utilisation of a physiologically based research technique developed to facilitate the nursing care of patients with skeletal muscle wasting. The technique, which involved electrotherapeutic stimulation to the first dorsal interosseous muscle of a group of arthritic patients, demonstrates that patterned neuromuscular stimulation of skeletal muscle can have enormously beneficial effects in preserving and regenerating skeletal muscle. The reasons for the muscle wasting, and the subsequent vicious spiral of immobility, were reviewed in Part 1 (1), and both articles build on the concepts described in a previous paper published in Nursing Standard (2).

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗

Mental health. Ethical standards and human rights.

In an earlier article in Nursing Standard (1), the author discussed the use of control and restraint techniques when dealing with violent or potentially violent situations. Here, he offers a nurse's perspective on the ethical and human rights issues which confront staff who are trying to cope with the challenging behaviours of their patients and who, as a last resort, may have to use physical restraint to prevent injury occurring. In intervening physically, nurses, he argues, must be aware of the legal and ethical boundaries of their practice.

Aggression↗

Risk management strategies.

Risk management is defined in the Intravenous Nursing Standards of Practice as a "process that centers on identification, analysis, treatment and evaluation of renal and potential hazards." Just what type of risk do these hazards pose and what types of "real and potential hazards" are there? The first question is the easiest to answer.

Fluid Therapy↗

Nursing editors back words with money.

During their Ninth Annual Meeting, international nursing editors were told of the visit of Norah Casey, editor of Nursing Standard, to Romania on behalf of the Care for Romania Appeal. She found children dying of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, malnutrition, and other diseases. Through the Appeal nurses are being sent to care for the children and to provide education for their care givers.

Child↗

A new approach to postanesthesia care unit documentation.

Documentation demonstrates that nursing standards of care have been met. To be an effective tool, a record must be complete and concise. A request to develop PACU care plans became the impetus to revise the PACU record. Perioperative information and physical assessments are data required to formulate individualized plans. Development and implementation of a comprehensive record was a positive outcome of a lengthy but interesting and worthwhile project.

Hospitals, Veterans↗

Pressure sores and specialty beds: cost containment and ensurance of quality care.

The monitoring of specialty bed use by the certified ET nurse and the NQAC has been in full implementation since June 1989 with significant yearly cost reductions in the use of specialty care beds. The $238,000 costs from fiscal year 1987 (July 1986 to June 30, 1987) were reduced to $60,000 in fiscal year 1989 with an approximate cost savings of 75%. Additional cost savings have been achieved through the implementation of the other recommendations in this study. Although cost savings would have resulted from a stricter policy in specialty bed approval and utilization alone, such savings probably would have affected the quality of patient care. This project allowed nursing and medical staff members to work with the departments of Administration and Finance to ensure that patient care would not be significantly affected. Significant cost savings were obtained through use of the five interventions that are indicated in the introduction. Nursing was permitted to examine its own practice and implement changes in documentation, nursing standards, skin-care products, policies and procedures, and in other areas to strive for clinical excellence as monitored through its quality assurance plan. The addition of a certified ET nurse to coordinate a hospital-wide multidisciplinary approach that is consistent with and clinically relevant to current practice standards is essential to a successful program for pressure-sore prevention and management within the current reimbursement systems.

Beds↗

Assessing the quality of care in cancer nursing.

Quality assessment methods are not new. They have been used in industry since the beginning of the century. But, as healthcare services take on some of the characteristics of industrial organizations, so systems to measure quality in healthcare services are becoming of increasing importance. Below, a description of a model for assessing the quality of care in cancer nursing, which has been designed to suit healthcare settings at the local, national, regional and international levels. It has been tested at local level within The Royal Marsden Hospital and at national level in conjunction with the Royal College of Nursing Standards of Care Project to define national standards for cancer care.

England↗

Successful implementation of an automated nurse-information system. Staff development's role.

Staff development's role in the selection and implementation of a computer system based on nursing standards of practice is described. The department's instructors successfully helped staff adapt to the change and understand the integrated, automated nurse-information system. The importance of having a teaching plan to provide consistency in training sessions is discussed.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗

Postanesthesia care unit extubation protocol based on the Marker Model.

In an attempt to clearly define nursing practice in the PACU, nurses and anesthesiologists worked collaboratively to develop an extubation protocol. The protocol is for patients no longer requiring mechanical ventilation and who will be extubated in the PACU. The protocol is unique in that it is written in a format derived from the Marker Model. Using a hierarchical concept, the Marker Model provides a framework for dividing nursing standards into three categories: structure, process, and outcome. While the extubation protocol illustrates an example of a process standard, the article also focuses on briefly describing the major components of the Marker Model and how they interrelate.

Clinical Protocols↗

Reflections on being an expert witness.

1. Lawyers hire expert witnesses to give opinions as to whether the nursing care administered to the patient met the "acceptable standard of care." 2. The lawyer who offers testimony from a nurse expert must show that the witness is qualified to offer an opinion on the case being discussed. 3. Careful preparation for serving as a nurse expert witness includes reviewing the documentation of the case as well as published nursing standards.

Expert Testimony↗

Nursing restructuring renews focus on patient-centered care.

This year, the JCAHO will issue revised nursing standards that make the patient the center of care. This new focus is a significant switch from the existing standards, and nursing experts predict that the structures of all other direct patient care jobs in the hospital will be affected.

Accreditation↗

Developing standards for instructions to patients with glaucoma.

This paper describes the development of nursing standards in the management of patients with glaucoma. A key aspect was the development of understanding by patients of their problems. A survey was conducted to assess the respondents knowledge about glaucoma after application of the standard. The results achieved by the survey are explored.

Educational Measurement↗

Measuring and validating a nurse's caring performance.

This article describes the importance of clear, specific methods of evaluating nursing care. Nursing standards and job descriptions are explained within the context of performance evaluations for nurses.

Empathy↗

The evolution of standards. From capability of performance to demonstrated performance.

Standardization of performance expectations and accountability for nursing care have been an integral part of nursing departments for many years. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAHO) has used the nursing standards manual to evaluate a nursing division's capability to provide quality care. In this article, the way in which a meaningful quality assurance system is developed is discussed. The aspects discussed in depth are (1) development of standards that define performance; and (2) quality assurance measures that audit performance. By following the steps outlined, a nursing department will have progressed from describing the nurse's capability to provide optimum care to demonstrating optimum performance.

Fluid Therapy↗