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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The regional characteristics of the prevalence of elevated arterial pressure in the schoolchildren of Moscow, Tallinn and Novosibirsk (a cooperative study)].

The authors describe the results of a cooperative epidemiological screening of schoolchildren aged 11 to 14 years, living in Moscow, Tallinn and Novosibirsk. 1219 persons underwent screening in Moscow, 923 in Novosibirsk, and 1227 in Tallinn; the screening coverage was 88.3, 92 and 87.2%, respectively. The mean values of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (AP), the anthropometric parameters, and of the degree of puberty are given with respect to the cities. The structure as well as predictors of high AP in schoolchildren differed with respect to the above-indicated cities. The highest AP values were identified in Moscow schoolchildren whereas the least ones in schoolchildren living in Tallinn. The data obtained were compared to those of the epidemiological screening of the male population aged 20 to 54 years, living in the same cities. A reverse correlation has been established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Morbidity and mortality from stroke among the population of Moscow].

The paper is concerned with the data on the brain stroke incidence and lethality among the population aged 25-64 years in 3 districts of Moscow during 1985. The rate of brain stroke was noted to be increased with age without any essential differences in the indicators in men and women. Comparison of the results of the investigation with the data of the Register, carried out in one of the districts of Moscow during 1972-1973 did not reveal any changes in both the disease incidence and lethality due to brain stroke. The rise of the calls on ambulances and emergency medical service for acute derangement of brain circulation is explained by the authors by a possible growth of the number of the disease cases among senile patients or by aging of the population of Moscow.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative characteristics of the basic blood lipid and apolipoprotein spectrum in groups of patients from Moscow and Bordeaux with ischemic heart disease].

A comparative diagnostic examination of patients with chest pains in Moscow and Bordeaux revealed in both cities a higher level of total plasma cholesterol and apo B/A-I ratio in CHD patients with angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis than in men without CHD. CHD patients from Bordeaux had higher levels of total and HDL cholesterol and a lower triglyceride level than patients from an analogous Moscow group. Both in Moscow and Bordeaux inhabitants the determination of the levels and the ratio of plasma apo B lipoprotein to A-I apolipoprotein proved highly informative for diagnosing atherogenous shifts in the lipoprotein system.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Genetic polymorphism and rare variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the population of Moscow. Research using isoelectric focusing on an ultrathin gel].

The data are presented on distribution of subtypes and rare variants of Pi system for Moscow population. Serum samples were obtained from 210 families of healthy newborn (father-mother-newborn) from several Moscow maternity hospitals. Phenotypes of alpha 1-antitrypsin were detected by isoelectric focusing in ultrathin layer polyacrylamide gel with the range 3.5-6. In this study 5 common PiM subtypes (except M3M3) were found. The observed distribution of Pi subtypes shows a good agreement with the Hardi-Weinberg equation. The gene frequencies of the subtypes estimated for Moscow population were as follows: PiM1-0.7662, PiM2-0.1779, PiM3-0.0398. They did not show any difference from the corresponding frequencies in other European populations. In the course of our studies, some rare phenotypes, such as MS, MZ, FM and IM that were observed in most European populations, were detected. Furthermore, a very rare variant (MT) which had been only once revealed in European population, was found. The total gene frequency of all rare variants was 0.0162.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Analysis of epidemiological peculiarities of rubella based on a mathematical model (according to observations over 10 years in Moscow).

The main epidemiological values characterizing rubella in Moscow were calculated on the basis of a new mathematical model. Quantitative estimates of the intensity of infection in different age groups of the population were obtained. It has been established that the risk of infection in children is especially high in comparison with adult population. That is why 98% of the population aged 15 are immune. The probability of falling ill with rubella was determined for persons with different antibody levels. The cases of congenital rubella in Moscow are rare due to the low risk of infection in adults and to their immunity acquired in childhood. Consequently, there is no necessity for vaccination against rubella in Moscow at the present time, but it should be recommended to organize constant epidemiological surveillance of congenital rubella.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Experience in conducting a multifactor ischemic heart disease prevention program (data from a cooperative study in Moscow and Kaunas].

A program of multi-factor prevention of ischemic heart disease (IHD) conducted in Moscow and Kaunas is briefly described. Preliminary data on the prevalence of IHD and its risk factors in the two towns are shown and data concerning arterial hypertension are analysed in detail. The preliminary results of measures of primary IHD prevention obtained in the first year of observation are reported. Regular treatment during the first year assisted in increasing the number of patients who were under medical care to 78% in Moscow and to 43% in Kaunas; the number of effectively treated patients increased to 48% in Moscow and to 56% in Kaunas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Moscow].

Tuberculous infection is no longer controllable in Moscow. Tuberculosis ranks first in the structure of morbidity caused by monoinfections. The prevalence of tuberculosis is increasing both among adults and children. Increasing incidence of forms with bacterial release is especially dangerous. Such patients represent the greatest epidemic hazard for the population. In Moscow the situation with tuberculosis is characterized by a notable reservoir of infection among socially maladapted subjects. A special department for this patient population was created in tuberculosis hospital No. 11; besides medical care, the patients are rendered social care there. The situation with tuberculosis in Russia and in Moscow requires urgent measures aimed at stabilization of the epidemiological process.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morbidity as a criterion for the evaluation of the impact of motor transport on the health of Moscow's population].

The paper presents data on motor transport pollution of the ambient air. From 1986 to 1996, the number of cars increased from 600,000 to 2,000,000, in Moscow the pollution index rose from 1.0 to 9.0. Motor transport is a source of noise and its proportion in the total noise is as high as 80%. In 1996, the noise threshold was 78-88 dBA. On the whole, the noise levels have increased by 5-6 dBA in the past decade. Experts' estimates indicate that 70-80% of Moscow inhabitants live in the areas of acoustic discomfort made by transport vehicles. Since the early 1990s, i.e. when the number of transport vehicles began drastically increasing, there has been an increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases whose risk factors include noise and atmospheric pollution. Their incidence is on the rise every year, the changes in their rates correlate with increase in the number of motor vehicles and the atmospheric pollution index. The morbidity rates for chronic respiratory diseases in children and adults are presented, they are closely related to the increased number of cars and the higher index of atmospheric pollution. In the past 6 years, the total morbidity in infants of the first year of life has increased by 40%; the incidence of diseases of the nervous system, sense organs, and blood has shown a 1.5-fold increase, that of congenital malformations has twice grown. Poorer health in infants under 1 year is associated with the health in infants under 1 year is associated with the health of their mothers exposed to motor transport discharges. The findings strongly suggest that motor transport has an adverse effect on the population of Moscow and support that health of different populations is a criterion of sanitary and epidemiological well-being.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Role of cryoglobulinemia in rheumatic diseases as illustrated by citizens of Moscow (resident population) and Tynda (migrants to Siberia)].

AIM: To determine occurrence of cryoglobulinemia (CGE) in residents of Moscow with various rheumatic diseases and healthy subjects, in Tynda population (migrants to Siberia) with rheumatic arthritis (RA) and healthy ones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CG screening was performed according to the WHO recommendations among 243 rheumatic patients from Moscow, 500 healthy subjects living in Moscow, 72 RA patients from Siberia and 1750 healthy Siberia migrants. RESULTS: CGE occurred more frequently among Moscovites with SLE and RA (28 and 19%, respectively). In RA Siberians CGE was present in 52%. In healthy Siberians CGE occurred in 8.4% of the examinees, in Moscovites it was extremely rare. In all the examinees CGE was associated with cryoglobulinemia syndrome. SLE and RA Moscovites had mixed CGE with monoclonal components (type II), RA Siberial migrants had CGE type II and III (mixed polyclonal). CONCLUSION: The study of CGE incidence in healthy migrants to Siberia with different duration of residence, measurements of metal ions in RA Siberians with and without CGE in the serum, blood cells and cryoprecipitates provided the authors with information for a new hypothesis of CGE origin and design of new policy of treating CGE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Characteristics of pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis in Moscow: prevalence of 'non-European' strains.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of serogroups, serotypes and subtypes, and susceptibility to antibiotics, of 75 strains isolated from patients with systemic meningococcal disease in Moscow in 1993--95. RESULTS: In contrast to the situation in most European countries, 21% of group A strains were found. Sixty-nine per cent of the strains were non-serotypeable using the current panel of antibodies, and 21% of strains were non-subtypeable. Twenty-nine different serotype---subtype combinations were found among 69 strains of group A, B and C. No combination predominated clearly; relatively more frequent strains had the formulae B:NT:P1.2, A:4:P1.5, 10 and C:4:P1.10. Recently, such strains have been very rare in western Europe; in contrast, the strains predominating in western Europe were not found in Moscow. All strains were sensitive to penicillin, chloramphenicol and rifampicin. CONCLUSIONS: Moscow strains of Neisseria meningitidis demonstrated a substantial diversity of serotypes and subtypes that probably corresponded to a post-epidemic situation in Russia. The obvious difference in circulating strains and presumably in immunity of populations in western Europe and Russia increases the probability of mutual exchange of pathogenic strains and stresses the need for group B vaccine protecting from both western and eastern European variants of meningococci.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Alcohol and cardiovascular mortality in Moscow; new evidence of a causal association.

BACKGROUND: In explaining recent trends in Russian mortality, alcohol drinking has often been put forward as a major factor. However, cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of death in Russia and alcohol is currently viewed as having a protective effect on heart disease. This study explores this apparent paradox by examining daily trends in deaths from cardiovascular disease in Moscow. SUBJECTS: Those dying in Moscow in the years 1993-1995. METHODS: Analysis of daily variation in deaths based on data from Moscow City death certificates. RESULTS: There is a significant increase in deaths from alcohol poisoning, accidents, and violence and cardiovascular diseases on Saturdays, Sundays, and Mondays. This is especially marked for sudden deaths. This pattern is consistent with the known pattern of drinking in Russia, which is more likely to take place in binges than is the case in other countries. CONCLUSION: A possible causative role for alcohol in sudden cardiovascular death is suggested as there are no other obvious explanations for this pattern, which cannot be accounted for by daily variations in traditional risk factors such as smoking or lipids. Although this is inconsistent with the prevailing view in the West that alcohol is seen as cardioprotective, there is considerable supporting evidence from a necropsy study and from studies in other places with a similar pattern of drinking. In countries such as Russia, where patterns of drinking differ considerably from that in the West, binge drinking can be an important cause of sudden cardiac death. This has important implications for estimates of the amount of mortality worldwide attributable to specific risk factors and thus for national and international policy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Geographical characteristics of migration linkages in the Moscow capital region.

"A study of migration processes in the Moscow Capital Region over the period 1970-1985 begins by assessing their contribution to overall population growth within the region vis-a-vis natural increase and territorial and administrative changes. Attention then is turned toward movements both within the Moscow Capital Region and between it and other oblasts of the European RSFSR. Although the overall volume of migration within the Moscow capital Region and between it and remaining oblasts of the European RSFSR declined, the relative popularity of the former as a destination among migrants in European Russia remained unchanged."

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The RNA electrophoretypes of the rotaviruses circulating in Moscow and Leningrad in the winter of 1987-1988].

Analysis of electrophoretypes of RNA of rotavirus which had circulated in Moscow and Leningrad in the winter of 1987-1988, detected by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), was carried out. RNA electrophoresis was performed in 10% polyacrylamide gel (PAG) followed by silver staining, Most of the strains isolated in Moscow and Leningrad had a long phoretype (67% and 77%, respectively. The greatest variations in PAG mobility were found in segments 2, 3, and 7-9, segments 1, 4, 10, and 11 showed most unchangeable mobility. According to the pattern of segment migration, 3 variants of the long phoretype and 5 variants of the short phoretype were distinguished. In Moscow the ist variant (confluent 2nd and 3rd segments as well as 7th and 8th segments) of the long phoretype was predominant, which was isolated in approximately 70% of all cases of infection; in Leningrad the dominating variant was intermediate between the 1st and 2nd phoretype (slower migration of the 2nd segment). Variants of the sport phoretype were characterized by greater variability and lack of the dominating strain. The potentials of rotavirus RNA electrophoresis as a method of molecular epidemiology are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women from Moscow, Russia.

The association between exposure to ETS and the risk of lung cancer in life-time non-smoking women was investigated by means of a hospital based case-control study in Moscow, Russia. The main importance of our study is that it was conducted on a population with a specific smoking pattern from which no information is available on health effects of ETS. A total of 189 incident cases of histologically confirmed lung cancer were identified in 2 principal cancer treatment hospitals in Moscow. A total of 358 female oncology patients from the same hospitals were selected as controls. The controls matched by the hospitals to the cases were similarly restricted to never-smokers. Women diagnosed with cancer of the upper respiratory organs were ineligible for selection as controls. Personal interviews of cases and controls were conducted in the hospital wards, using a closed-form structured questionnaire. An elevated risk of lung cancer was observed in women whose husbands smoked. The odds ratio (OR) adjusted by age and education for husband's smoking was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.06-2.21). Smoking by other members of the family, by colleague's, or by fathers in the women's childhood do not affect the risk of lung cancer. The risk is higher for women whose husbands smoke "papirosy" (OR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.32-3.40), a special Russian type of cigarettes with a long mouthpiece, and usually very high levels of tar (> 30 mg/cig) and nicotine (> 1.8 mg/cig). Our study suggests that the association between exposure to ETS of the spouse and risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women is somewhat stronger for squamous-cell carcinoma (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 0.99-3.81) than for adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.96-2.39).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

Health cancer risk assessment for arsenic exposure in potentially contaminated areas by fertilizer plants: a possible regulatory approach applied to a case study in Moscow region-Russia.

At present, fertilizer industry plants are considered as a potential source of soil contamination in Russia. Therefore health risk assessment should be pursued in Russian fertilizer plant areas, but unfortunately risk assessment methodology for contaminated sites does not have yet a regulatory value in Russia. In this paper a possible and intentionally simple regulatory approach for health cancer risk assessment at phosphogypsum waste-storing potentially contaminated sites is presented. The proposed approach is applied to a potential contaminated area located in the Moscow river (Moscow Region) protective zone. At this case-study area, arsenic has been chosen as a contaminant indicator, according to the proposed selection procedure. For estimating the human exposure to arsenic through various pathways the original McKone & Daniels '91 model has been adapted. As a specific result of the risk assessment for the case-study area, it has been shown that arsenic exposure pathways (in risk-ranking order) "ingestion of agricultural products," "groundwater uptake," "dermal contact," and "soil ingestion" pose a significant health risk. From a general point of view, the proposed and applied health risk assessment approach could give some contribution (for comparison and discussion) for policies on contaminated soils to other countries. In this perspective, the paper expressly considers the current Italian regulative situation concerning restricted use of risk analysis and concerning soil quality for agricultural land use.

Arsenic↗
PubMed1994

Effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of intensive treatment and teaching programmes for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Moscow--blood glucose versus urine glucose self-monitoring.

In a prospective controlled trial the effects of a 5-day in-patient treatment and teaching programme for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus on metabolic control and health care costs were studied in Moscow. Two different intervention programmes were compared, one based upon urine glucose self-monitoring (UGSM, n = 61) and one using blood glucose self-monitoring (BGSM, n = 60). Follow-up was 2 years. A control group (n = 60) continued the standard treatment of the Moscow diabetes centre and was followed-up for 1 year. Costs and benefits with respect to hospitalizations and lost productivity (according to average wage) were measured in November 1992 rubles (Rb.), with respect to imported drugs and test strips in 1992 German marks (DM). In the intervention groups there were significant decreases of HbA1 values [UGSM: 12.5% before, 9.4% after 1 year, 9.2% after 2 years (p < 0.0001); BGSM: 12.6% before, 9.3% after 1 year, 9.2% after 2 years (p < 0.0001) compared to no change in the control group (12.2% before, 12.3% after 1 year)], and of the frequency of ketoacidosis. The frequency of severe hypoglycaemia was comparable between the UGSM (10 cases during 2 years), BGSM (10 cases during 2 years), and the control group (8 cases during 1 year).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Child health level in Moscow as related to ambient air pollution.

Ambient air in Moscow is characterised by high concentrations of nitric oxide and other pollutants. The level of air pollution varies from one neighbourhood of the city to another. This accounts for the variability of child health levels. In the most severely polluted areas the prevalence of childhood bronchial asthma is much higher; cases of dis-harmonious physical development among children are more frequent. A map of Moscow depicting the degrees of environmental hazards has been established on the basis of interrelated studies of ambient air quality and child health levels.

Air Pollution↗