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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: light and electron microscopic studies.

Twelve cases of ovarian clear cell carcinoma were studied histologically. Four cases were examined electron microscopically and compared with other conditions. Five tumors were directly connected with ovarian endometriosis. They were histologically classified into a tubular type with hobnail cells and a solid type without tubular pattern or hobnail cells. Electron microscopic figures of the tumor cells are identical having large nuclei, abundant glycogen, lamellated RER, few lipid droplets, and sparse but well-developed microvilli. The basophilic dark cells frequently encountered in the tubular type are morphologically quite similar to clear cells excepting for sparsity of glycogen and lipid droplets. Alveolar arrangement of 6 to 10 tubular structures (honeycomb structure) resembling alveolate structure seen in late secretory endometrium was found in tumor cells of one case. Ultrastructural feature of clear cell carcinoma closely resemble those of Arias-Stella endometrium and clear cell carcinoma of endocervix suggesting their Muellerian origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Malignant mixed tumor of the vagina probably arising in mesonephric rests.

An exceedingly rare tumor arising in the upper lateral vagina is described histologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally. It is compared to the lesion reported by Okagaki et al. which is considered to represent the same type of tumor. Comparison with synovial sarcomas indicates that the lesion is similar, but the reasons why it should not be so classified are discussed. Evidence is presented for the origin of these tumors in mesonephric rests (Gartner's duct).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Endodermal sinus tumor originating in the region of the pineal gland: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.

This is a case report of an endodermal sinus tumor (EST) arising in the pineal region of a 19-year-old girl (first case studied by electron microscopy). The ultrastructure of the tumor was similar to that of the previously reported cases of EST of ovaries, mediastinum, and sacrococcygeal area. A characteristic basement membrane-like material has been identified within endoplasmic reticulum of tumor cells and in intercellular spaces. Alphafetoprotein has been detected in the spinal fluid of the patient by radioimmunoassays and within tumor tissue by immunohistochemical techniques. Combination therapy consisting of radiation, surgical decompression, chemotherapy (BCNU), and prednisone has been employed in the treatment of this patient without significant benefit. The patient expired three months after the surgery, no autopsy was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Endodermal sinus tumor of the pineal region.

Two cases of endodermal sinus tumor of the pineal region are reported and compared with 16 others in the literature. The preponderance of neoplasms occurs in boys, usually in their second decade. The diagnosis is usually established within three months of the onset of non-specific symptoms of an intracranial mass. Treatment with operation or radiotherapy alone is inadequate. Most patients have died within two years, some with widespread intradural metastases. The one individual who has survived five years was treated with both operation and radiotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Sequential surgery, radiation therapy, and Alkeran in the management of epithelial carcinoma of the ovary.

In 1970, a prospective multidisciplinary protocol was initiated for Stages I through III obviously malignant ovarian epithelial carcinomas. The planned sequential therapy included 1) surgery, 2) radiotherapy (2000 rads to whole abdomen, 3000 rad boost to pelvis), 3) chemotherapy (ten cycles of Alkeran), and 4) a "second-look" surgical procedure. Ninety-six patients were enrolled in this program through 1976. Median follow-up of the survivors was greater than 44 months. Adjusted disease-free survival was 90 percent for Stage I, 64 percent for Stages IIB--IIC, and 16 percent for Stage III. Stage III patients with no palpable tumor at time of initiation of radiation therapy had a survival of 37 percent. No Stage III patient with palpable tumor at time of initiation of radiation therapy was cured. Eight percent of patients developed small bowel obstruction requiring surgical intervention. Three percent of all patients died of hematologic causes; of the 30-month-plus survivors, 5 percent (2 of 37) developed acute myelogenous leukemia. Cure and toxicity will be examined in detail and compared with the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) in patients with germ cell tumors of the gonads and extragonadal sites: correlation between endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor and raised serum AFP.

During the last 6 1/2 years, serum AFP has been determined by radioimmunoassay in 387 patients with germ cell tumors of the gonads and extragonadal sites. The histological appearances of all these neoplasms were carefully reviewed. Highly elevated levels of serum AFP were noted in patients with tumors containing endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor elements irrespective of the location of the neoplasm or presence or absence of metastatic disease. There was good correlation between the presence and quantity of endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor elements within the primary tumor or its metastases and elevated levels of serum AFP. All patients with tumors composed of pure seminoma or dysgerminoma, and teratoma, had normal serum AFP levels. Slightly elevated levels of serum AFP up to 60 ng/mg (upper limit of normal 20 ng/ml) were noted in a few patients with testicular tumors composed of pure embryonal carcinoma, whereas patients with tumors composed of or containing endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor elements had serum AFP levels that could be measured in 100's or 1000's of ng/ml. Serum AFP was elevated only in patients with active disease. Serum AFP was determined in 81 patients with gonadal tumors of non germ cell origin and was normal in all these patients. Serum AFP is a very good tumor marker in patients with germ cell tumors composed of or containing endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor, irrespective of their location. Serial serum SFP determinations can be used for diagnostic purposes, for monitoring the results of treatment, and for early detection of metastases and recurrences. Serial serum AFP determination is a useful procedure in all patients with germ cell neoplasms and is highly recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor elements in testicular germ-cell tumors in adults: comparison of prospective and retrospective studies.

The incidence of endodermal sinus tumor (EST) or yolk sac tumor (YST) elements has been studied in two series of testicular germ-cell neoplasms in adults. One series, consisting of 200 germ-cell neoplasms seen from 1053 through 1968, was studied retrospectively, and the other, consisting of 147 cases seen from May 1974 through February 1979, was studied prospectively. Excluding the cases of pure seminoma, EST(YST) elements were found in 21 (28.7%) of 73 cases in the retrospective series and in 27 (44.4%) of 61 cases in the prospective series. The EST(YST) elements were in all cases admixed with other neoplastic germ-cell elements and varied from microscopic foci to being the predominant element within a tumor. The EST(YST) elements were histologically similar to infantile EST(YST) and EST(YST) in other locations. Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) was determined in the majority of patients in the prospective series, and there was good correlation between the presence of EST(YST) elements within the tumor and elevated levels of AFP. The results of the present study indicate that EST(YST) elements occur quite frequently in testicular germ-cell neoplasms in adults and provide an explanation for the raised levels of serum AFP found in many adults with testicular germ-cell tumors. The results emphasize the importance of a thorough and careful pathologic examination of testicular germ-cell tumors, and the value of AFP as a tumor marker in patients with EST(YST). The results also lend further support to the view that EST(YST) elements found in testicular germ-cell tumors in adults are homologous with infantile EST(YST) and that EST(YST) is a distinctive and specific type of germ-cell neoplasm and should be included as such in the classification of testicular tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Human yolk sac tumor serially transplanted in nude mice: its morphologic and functional properties.

Three human yolk sac tumors (TE, OE, and TT-1) were serially transplanted into nude mice. The histology of the transplanted tumors is moderately different from that of the original tumor; the transplants had mainly a tubular structure with an inconspicuous endodermal sinus structure due to a decreased mesenchymal element surrounding the vascular core. Ultrastructural features of the transplanted tumor cells, however, were identical to those of the original tumor. Immunochemical survey of the blood plasma of nude mice bearing these tumors demonstrated the production of adult type human plasma proteins including prealbumin, albumin (Alb), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha AT), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin, and alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP). The types of adult plasma proteins that were produced varied, depending on the tumor line but were the same between serial passages within the same tumor line. The intracellular localization of AFP, alpha AT, Tf, and Alb was also investigated by immunoelectron microscopy. Plasma proteins of the adult type and AFP were localized mainly within the membrane systems of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex and occasionally on the microvilli. These results suggest that transplanted human yolk sac tumors have almost all of the protein-producing function possessed by their normal counterparts.

Animals↗