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PubMed1978

Health and disease at the age of sixty. Findings in a health survey of 60-year-old men in Uppsala and a comparison with men 10 years younger.

A health investigation was performed among 331 men aged 60 years in Uppsala. The investigation was performed in the same way as in 50-year-old men (n = 2322) in the same community, previously described. Thus it was possible to make certain comparisons between these two populations of middle-aged men. A considerably higher morbidity, given as point prevalence, was found for diseases of the cardiovascular system and of the endocrine organs, in the older population compared with the younger. Parallel to this a higher consumption of pharmaceuticals was reported by the older men. Only 39% among the older men versus 51% of the younger men were smokers. Nearly the same number (two-thirds) of men in both age groups were without codable ECG abnormalities in their resting ECG. Among the older men, however, there were more subjects having multiple pathological ECG findings than in the younger age group. It is concluded that it is possible to reach approximately 80% of the actual population in special health investigations, in middle-aged men. Future studies, preferably in younger subjects, should aim at an early detection and primary prevention of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Prostate cancer risk is three-fold higher among men, aged 50-64, of African descent compared with men of Asian-Indian descent in Trinidad and Tobago.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the screening-detected prevalence of prostate cancer is higher among men of African descent than among men of Asian-Indian descent living in Trinidad & Tobago. DESIGN: Population-based prostate cancer screening study among men aged 50-64. SETTING: Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago. PARTICIPANTS: Tobago, population-based sample of 1196 male residents of African descent; Trinidad, 173 agricultural workers of Asian-Indian descent. INTERVENTIONS: Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA, Abbot AxSYM) and digital rectal exam (DRE) were used to screen men for prostate cancer. Men with elevated PSA (> or = 4 ng/mL) and/or abnormal DRE were offered an ultrasound guided sextant biopsy of the prostate gland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of abnormal screen; prevalence of prostate cancer. RESULTS: Elevated PSA and/or abnormal DRE were observed in 29% (348/1196) of Afro-Tobagonian men. Three hundred sixteen men underwent biopsies. Screening-detected prostate cancer prevalence was: 4.9% (23/468) for those aged 50-55; 7.7% (28/366) for those aged 55-59; and 13.3% (48/362) for those aged 60-64 years. Screening was abnormal in 18% (31/173) of Asian-Indian men; 25 underwent biopsies. Prostate cancer prevalence in Asian Indian men was: 1.6% (1/63) for those aged 50-54; 1.4% (1/71) for those aged 55-59; and 5.1% (2/39) for those aged 60-64 years. Mantel-Haenszel age-adjusted rate ratio was 3.4, 95% CI 1.3-9.0. CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes a high prevalence of screening-detected prostate cancer among Afro-Tobagonians compared with Indo-Trinidadians. Comparison of candidate genes, environmental, and lifestyle factors between these populations may identify factors that increase risk for, or provide protection against, prostate cancer.

Africa↗
PubMed1995

Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in HIV seronegative men with hemophilia and sex partners of HIV seropositive men. Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study.

Persons with hemophilia or other HIV-1 risk factors may be more likely to have idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (ICL). We determined the frequency of ICL in prospectively followed cohorts of HIV-1 seronegative hemophilic men and seronegative female sex partners of HIV-1 infected hemophilic men, and examined factors potentially associated with ICL. Seven of 304 (2.3%) seronegative hemophilic men and one of 160 (0.6%) female partners met the ICL definition, but the condition resolved for two of the men and for the sole female partner. All five men with persistent ICL had lymphocytopenia (< 1,200 total lymphocytes/microliters) and < 300 total CD4+ lymphocytes/microliters; only one had a low CD4+ percentage. On the most recent measurement, 14.5% of the 304 seronegative hemophilic men had lymphocytopenia. Compared with matched hemophilic controls, men with persistent ICL more often had a history of liver disease (3/5 cases, 0/21 controls, P = 0.007) or splenomegaly (3/5 cases, 4/21 controls; P = 0.04), but not severe hemophilia, greater clotting factor concentrate exposure, high alanine aminotransferase levels, hepatitis B virus antigenemia, or detectable hepatitis C virus RNA in plasma. All five cases and 20/21 controls had antibodies to hepatitis C virus present in their serum. In this cohort of hemophilic men, ICL was related to lymphocytopenia associated with liver disease rather than selective loss of CD4+ lymphocytes.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Androgen-behavior correlations in hypogonadal men and eugonadal men. I. Mood and response to auditory sexual stimuli.

Mood and response to auditory sexual stimuli were assessed in 33 hypogonadal men receiving testosterone (T) replacement therapy, 10 eugonadal men receiving T in a male contraceptive clinical trial, and 19 eugonadal men not administered T. Prior to and after 6 weeks of hormone administration, men completed a mood questionnaire, rated sexual arousal to and sexual enjoyment of auditory sexual stimuli, and performed a dichotic listening task measuring selective attention for sexual stimuli. Mood questionnaire results suggest that T has positive effects on mood in hypogonadal men when hormone levels are well below the normal male range of values, but does not have any effects on mood when hormone levels are within or above the normal range. However, increased sexual arousal and sexual enjoyment were associated with T administration regardless of gonadal status. Eugonadal men administered T also increased in the bias to attend to sexual stimuli. In contrast, the comparison group of eugonadal men not administered T showed no mood or sexual behavior changes across the two test sessions. These data support a positive relationship between T and sexual interest, sexual arousal, and sexual enjoyment in men.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed2002

Exploring hepatitis B vaccination acceptance among young men who have sex with men: facilitators and barriers.

BACKGROUND: Studies continue to show that the majority of men who have sex with men in the United States remain unvaccinated against hepatitis B despite the licensure of an efficacious vaccine in 1982. METHODS: A theory-based, qualitative approach is used to explore acceptance of hepatitis B vaccination among men who have sex with men residing in Birmingham, Alabama. RESULTS: A total of 62 self-identified men who have sex with men (mean age = 25 +/- 2.3; range: 18-36 years) participated in one of eight focus groups. Among the findings of this study, participants reported low levels of perceived susceptibility to infection; lacked basic information about hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccination; did not perceive their providers to be comfortable with discussing their same-sex sexual behavior; did not identify tangible or intangible benefits to vaccination; had limited access to health care and had little continuity of care; did not trust federally supported vaccination efforts; and reported the inundation of HIV prevention messages hampered their receptivity to health messages in general. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need to enhance awareness and facilitate hepatitis B vaccination among men who have sex with men. While further research is necessary, our findings indicate that numerous barriers to hepatitis B vaccination exist that may result in low vaccination rates. Prevention efforts would benefit from addressing these barriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Lack of allelic loss at the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) gene locus in a pancreatic ductal (non-endocrine) adenocarcinoma of a patient with the MEN-1 syndrome.

The gene responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-1) syndrome has been mapped to chromosome 11q13. It appears to function as a tumour-suppressor gene analogous to that for retinoblastoma and allelic losses involving the wild-type of the MEN-1 allele have been found in parathyroid and pancreatic endocrine tumours of MEN-1 patients. No genetic information has been provided so far on non-endocrine malignancies that may occur in MEN-1 patients. A case of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma presenting as the terminal event in a woman with a long standing history of MEN-1 syndrome and multiple endocrine tumours of the pancreas was investigated for possible allelic losses at the MEN-1 gene locus using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) closely linked to the MEN-1 gene and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for D11S533 locus. No allelic losses were found in tumour tissue with two informative RFLPs (D11S97, D11S146) or with PCR analysis. These findings suggest that the MEN-1 gene does not confer a predisposition to develop tumours other than those that typify the syndrome.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

The semen of fertile men: statistical analysis of 1300 men.

The prevasectomy semen analyses of 1300 men who had fathered at least two children were studied. The ages of the men ranged from 23 to 64 years, with a mean age of 39.6 years; 84% of the men were Caucasian, 5% were black, and 5% were of other ethnic groups; 32% of the men were Roman Catholic, 26% Jewish, 22% Protestant, and 11% professed no religion; in 9% religion was not recorded. The number of children ranged from 2 (48%) and 3 (30.6%) to 10 (0.1%). The volume of the ejaculate ranged from 0.1 to 11.0 ml, with a mean of 3.2 ml plus or minus 1.4 SD. Sperm density ranged from 1.5 to 375 million/ml, with an arithmetic mean of 79 million/ml plus or minus 57 SD; however, the logarithmic or geometric mean was chosen as being more representative of the asymmetric distribution under study. The geometric mean was 65 million/ml, with standard deviation limits of 30 to 142 million/ml, figures that correspond to the 16th and 84th percentiles. The percentage of motile sperm ranged from 5 to 95%, with a mean of 65% plus or minus 22 SD. The grade of sperm motility, according to MacLeod and Gold's classification (Fertil Steril 2:187, 1951) of 0 to 4, ranged from 1 to 4, with a mean grade of 3. There were 25 men (2%) with a sperm count below 10 million/ml and 26 (2%) in whom the percentage of motile sperm was less than 20%. Polyzoospermy (count greater than 250 million/ml) was found in 15 men (1.2%); one or more spontaneous abortions had occurred in six of the spouses of these men (40%), whereas the over-all spontaneous abortion rate was 7% and the spontaneous abortion rate for wives of men with sperm counts below 10 million/ml was 4%. A positive relationship was found between sperm density and percentage of motile sperm; the relationship between motility and the logarithm of sperm density was represented by a straight line (a 10-fold increase in sperm count was accompanied by an increase of 20.4% in sperm motility); the slope of the line was highly significant, although the correlation coefficient was weak (0.27). A similarly positive relationship was found between sperm density and grade of motility; however, the correlation coefficient was also weak (0.22). The relationship between the grade of motility and the proportion of motile sperm also positive, was reasonably large (0.70), although its significance is questionable because of the crudeness of the scale utilized to assess the grade of sperm motility. A comparison of the findings with those of similar studies was made.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1998

Mortality differences between black and white men in the USA: contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT. MRFIT Research Group. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

BACKGROUND: Studies of underlying differences in adult mortality between black and white individuals in the USA have been constrained by limitations of data or small study size. We investigated the extent to which differences in socioeconomic position between black and white men contribute to differences in all-cause and cause-specific mortality. METHODS: 361,662 men were screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial between 1973 and 1975, in 22 sites. Median family income of households by zipcode (postal) area of residence was available for 20,224 black and 300,685 white men as well as data on age, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, previous heart attack, and treatment for diabetes. We classified deaths during 16 years of follow-up into specific causes and compared differences in death rates between black men and white men, before and after adjustment for differences in income and other risk factors. FINDINGS: Age-adjusted relative risk of death (black vs white) was 1.47 (95% CI 1.42-1.53). Adjustment for diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, medication for diabetes, and previous admission to hospital for heart attack decreased the relative risk to 1.40 (1.35-1.46). Adjustment for income but not the other risk factors decreased the risk to 1.19 (1.14-1.24) and adjustment for other risk factors did not alter this estimate. For cardiovascular death, relative risk on adjustment for income was decreased from 1.36 to 1.09; for cancer from 1.47 to 1.25; and for non-cardiovascular and non-cancer deaths from 1.71 to 1.26. For some specific causes of death, including prostate cancer, myeloma, and hypertensive heart disease, the higher death rates among black men did not seem to reflect differences in income. Rates of death for suicide and melanoma were lower among black than white men, as were those for coronary heart disease after adjustment for income. INTERPRETATION: Socioeconomic position is the major contributor to differences in death rates between black and white men. Differentials in mortality from some specific causes do not simply reflect differences in income, however, and more detailed investigations are needed of how differences are influenced by environmental exposures, lifetime socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle, racism, and other sociocultural and biological factors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Men in Australia Telephone Survey (MATeS): a national survey of the reproductive health and concerns of middle-aged and older Australian men.

BACKGROUND: The Men in Australia Telephone Survey (MATeS) describes the prevalence of self-reported reproductive health disorders as well as related concerns and health behaviours among middle-aged and older Australian men. METHODS: A representative sample population (n=5990) of Australian men (>or=40 years) was obtained by contacting a random selection of households with unbiased sampling, stratified by age and state. A 20-min computer-assisted telephone interview was done to assess reproductive health and related knowledge and beliefs, sociodemographic factors, general health, and lifestyle factors. FINDINGS: A response rate of 78% (5990/7636) was achieved. 34% (1627/4737) of men surveyed reported one or more reproductive health disorder, all of which were most common in the oldest age group. Age-standardised prevalence of significant lower urinary tract symptoms was 16%, erectile dysfunction was 21%, and prostate disease was 14%. About 50% of participants reported having had a prostate cancer test whereas only 30% (300/1012) of men with erectile dysfunction sought medical help. Willingness to seek medical help for erectile dysfunction was related to age and ethnic origin. Although men aged 40-69 years expressed a moderate or high level of concern about prostate cancer and loss of erectile function, concern about reproductive health was less in the oldest age group (>or=70 years). INTERPRETATION: The high prevalence of reproductive health disorders and associated concerns in middle-aged and older Australian men draws attention to the need to develop appropriate services and education strategies specifically directed to improving reproductive health in these men.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Body mass and 26 y risk of mortality among men who never smoked: a re-analysis among men from the Adventist Mortality Study.

OBJECTIVE: To re-analyse the previously reported linear relation between Quetelet's body mass index (BMI) and mortality, among men from the Adventist Mortality Study after accounting for effects due to age at measurement of BMI, smoking history and race. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. To specifically account for effects due to age at measurement of BMI, smoking history and race, our methodology includes: 1, computing hazard ratios for BMI quintiles from a proportional hazard regression, with 'time on study' as the time variable, and age at baseline as a covariate; 2, conducting separate analyses of middle-aged (age 30-54y) and older (age 55-74y) men; and 3, restriction of the analyses to never-smoking, non-Hispanic white males. SUBJECTS: 5062 men (age: 30-74 y, BMI: 14-44 kg/m2) from the Adventist Mortality Study. MEASUREMENTS: Subjects reported data on anthropometric, demographic, medical, dietary and lifestyle characteristics at baseline and were enrolled in mortality surveillance during a 26y study period (1960-1985). RESULTS: During the early years of follow-up (years 1-8, 9-14), we found some evidence of excess risk among the leanest men that was probably due to the effects of antecedent illness. During the later years of follow-up (years 15-26), effects due to antecedent illness were not apparent and a significant positive, linear relation between BMI and all-cause mortality was consistently found among middle-aged (30-54 y) and older (55-74 y) men. Disease-specific analyses of the later follow-up (years 15-26) revealed that the positive linear trends with all-cause mortality, were primarily due to excess risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer among the heavier men. Among older men, a significant inverse relation between BMI and respiratory disease mortality risk was identified during later follow-up (years 15-26), but this effect attenuated after restriction of the analyses to men with no baseline history of respiratory disease. CONCLUSIONS: The re-analysis confirms the findings of a positive, linear relation between BMI and all-cause mortality, reported in the original study.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Serum leptin levels in healthy ageing men: are decreased serum testosterone and increased adiposity in elderly men the consequence of leptin deficiency?

OBJECTIVE: The limited information on serum leptin levels in elderly men suggests the occurrence of an age-related decrease, with disruption of the relationship between fat mass and leptin levels. A relative leptin deficiency might thus be implicated in the increase of fat mass and decrease of serum testosterone levels in elderly men. Therefore, we have reevaluated the age-related changes in serum leptin levels and their relationship with adiposity and androgen levels in a large group of community dwelling men. SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Serum leptin and androgen levels were measured in 271 healthy, ambulatory elderly men (median age 74 years), as well as in 61 middle-aged (median 43 years) and 40 young (median 25.5 years) controls. Adiposity was assessed by anthropometrical measurements (body mass index; BMI) and by estimation of fat mass by the bio-impedance method. RESULTS: Serum leptin levels, whether or not adjusted for BMI, were found to increase with age, the values tending to level off after the age of 45 years, and were strongly correlated to BMI (r = 0.77) and fat mass assessed by the bio-impedance method (r = 0.81). Linear regression analysis showed a similar slope for the relationship between BMI and serum leptin in the three age groups. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated BMI, age and serum insulin, but not serum testosterone, as significant independent correlates of serum leptin. Serum (free) testosterone levels were negatively correlated with age and serum leptin, also after partialization for BMI: rank correlation coefficients vs. age and serum leptin, respectively, were - 0.20 (P < 0.001) and - 0.16 (P < 0.01) for total testosterone and - 0.60 (P < 0.001) and - 0.23 (P < 0.001) for free testosterone. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and leptin levels emerged as significant independent correlates in a multiple linear regression model for total serum testosterone; BMI and serum insulin became highly significant correlates in the same model when leptin was omitted from the independent variables. CONCLUSION: Ageing in men is accompanied by a rise of serum leptin levels with a maintained strong association between serum leptin and adiposity in elderly men. Testosterone does not appear to be a major determinant of serum leptin in healthy men, while leptin does emerge as a negative correlate of serum testosterone. Increased fat mass and decreased testosterone production in elderly men cannot be attributed to a relative leptin deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Secular changes in cardiovascular risk factors over 30 years in Swedish men aged 50: the study of men born in 1913, 1923, 1933 and 1943.

OBJECTIVES: To study secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors in men aged 50 over a period of 30 years. DESIGN: Cross-sectional studies of successive cohorts of men from 1963 to 1993. SETTING: City of Göteborg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Four random population samples of men born in 1913, 1923, 1933 and 1943, aged 50 when they were examined in 1963, 1973, 1983, and 1993 (n = 855, 226, 776, and 798, respectively). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triglycerides and smoking habits over three decades. RESULTS: Over 30 years, men increased in weight from a mean (SD) of 75.9 (11.0) kg to 82.8 (12.1) kg and gained 3.4 cm in height, with a net increase in body mass index from 24.8 (3.2) to 26.0 (3.4) kg m-2 (P < 0.0001), and a concomitant increase in waist circumference. The proportion of men who were overweight but not obese (BMI = 25-30 kg m-2) increased from 38 to 47%, whereas the prevalence of frank obesity (more than 30 kg m-2) increased from 6% in 1963 to 11% in 1993. Despite the increase in weight, mean systolic blood pressure fell by almost 10 mmHg (P < 0.0001). Mean serum cholesterol concentration decreased from 6.42 (1.12) to 5.88 (1.04) (P < 0.0001). Serum triglycerides increased from 1.26 (0.77) to 1.69 (1.04) mmol L-1 (P = 0.001). The proportion of men who smoked decreased from 56% in 1963 to 30% in 1993 (P < 0.0001). This was due more to an increase in smoking cessation rates than to an increase in the proportion of men who had never smoked. In particular, smokers and former smokers are now more obese than the corresponding categories 30 years ago and smokers are no longer leaner than men who have never smoked. CONCLUSIONS: Over a period of 30 years, serum cholesterol as well as systolic blood pressure and the prevalence of smoking decreased. This favourable decline in coronary risk factors was offset by an appreciable increase in body mass index and waist circumference.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Inactive free : total prostate specific antigen ratios in ejaculate from men with suspected and known prostate cancer, compared with young control men.

OBJECTIVE: To measure free : total prostate specific antigen (PSA) ratios in ejaculate from men with suspected and known prostate cancer, and in young control men, to determine if this ratio might be useful in discriminating benign from malignant prostatic conditions. Patients, subjects and methods Forty-seven men with prostate cancer (positive biopsies), 52 men with suspected prostate cancer but who had negative biopsies and 28 young men (< 30 years old) and with no family history of cancer, provided either a single ejaculate specimen (total 59) or multiple specimens (total 193) on subsequent occasions. Free and total PSA were measured using appropriate assays. All specimens were diluted in a PSA-negative female serum pool. RESULTS: The median free : total PSA ratios were 0.76-0.81 among the patient groups and control men, and there was no statistical difference between the groups. These data presumably only reflect the inactive component of free PSA, given that any alpha2-macroglobulin or alpha1-antichymotrypsin in the assay serum diluent was likely to have bound the active free PSA component in these samples. Similar results were obtained from those providing single and multiple samples, suggesting that a single specimen is sufficient to reflect the seminal plasma free : total PSA ratio over that period. There was no relationship between seminal plasma free : total PSA ratio and age for the controls or the positive biopsy group, although there was a negative relationship (i.e. a decline with age) that almost reached significance in those with negative biopsies (P = 0.058, R2 = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of free : total PSA ratios in the ejaculate of men with suspected and known prostate cancer compared with young control men. Although no significant changes were detected in the free : total PSA ratios in ejaculate, these results may be confounded by differences in ratios with age, as is the case for serum PSA or different molecular forms of PSA. Indeed, these data suggest that a large proportion of free PSA in seminal plasma may be inactive. Further studies are needed to determine the potential utility of measuring free : total PSA, or other candidate markers, in ejaculate to better discriminate benign from malignant prostate disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, bisexual women, and bisexual men in Germany.

Attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, bisexual women, and bisexual men were assessed in a national representative sample of 2,006 self-identified heterosexual women and men living in Germany. Replicating previous findings, younger people held more favorable attitudes than older people; women held more favorable attitudes than men; and men held more favorable attitudes toward female than male homosexuality, whereas women did not differentiate. However, women held more favorable attitudes toward homosexuals than toward bisexuals, whereas men did not differentiate. Knowing a homosexual person was an important predictor of attitudes, as was political party preference. Both same-sex and opposite-sex sexual attraction were substantially related with attitudes. Our findings support the notion that attitudes toward lesbians, gay men, bisexual women, and bisexual men are related but distinct constructs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Men who have sex with men's sexual relations with women in Bangladesh.

Studies of men who have sex with men in South Asian countries including Bangladesh have tended to focus mainly on measuring male-to-male sexual risk behaviours, with less attention being given to understanding the nature and meaning of their sexual relations with women. This can result in missed opportunities for HIV/AIDS-related intervention. This paper, based on a small scale qualitative study, attempts to develop a cultural model to understand men who have sex with men's sexual relations with women within a gender and masculinity framework. Findings reveal that in Bangladesh men who have sex with men frequently surrender to societal pressures to marry, become husbands and shoulder fatherhood. This forces some women to become the silent sufferers of some of the negative consequences of hetero-normative patriarchal practice. Importantly, however, men who have sex with men consider sex with women a form of real sex within a framework of masculine sexual potency irrespective of preference, desire or eroticism. Thus, challenges exist to undertaking sexual health promotion and HIV/AIDS prevention in culturally sensitive ways.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding in human immunodeficiency virus-negative men who have sex with men: frequency, patterns, and risk factors.

We investigated the frequency, site, and risk factors for herpes simplex virus (HSV) shedding in 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative HSV type 2 (HSV-2)-seropositive men who have sex with men. Subjects collected daily HSV culture samples from genital, perianal, and oral areas for 100 days and maintained diaries of signs and symptoms. Sixteen men (53.3%) shed HSV-2, and 9 (56.3%) of 16 men who were also HSV type 1 (HSV-1)-seropositive shed HSV-1. Overall, HSV-2 was isolated on 3.1% of the days; 68% of the isolations were on days that lesions did not occur. HSV-2 shedding was predominantly perianal (83.3%). HSV-1 was isolated on 2.1% of the days; 23 of 24 HSV-1 isolates were from oral areas. Rates of perianal or genital shedding were 6.6% on the days that participants reported prodromal symptoms and 1.9% on the days that participants did not report prodromal symptoms (P<.001). Men seropositive for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 were significantly more likely to shed HSV-2 (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-11.9) than were HSV-2-seropositive men. HSV-2-seropositive men who have sex with men have frequent subclinical HSV-2 shedding, usually from the perianal area, and more frequent prodromal HSV-2 shedding.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Hyperhomocysteinemia in healthy young men and elderly men with normal serum folate concentration is not associated with poor vascular reactivity or oxidative stress.

The mechanism by which homocysteine (Hcy) causes endothelial dysfunction is probably mediated by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress on endothelial function in young and elderly hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy) men. A total of 35 HHcy (Hcy > 15 micro mol/L), young (n = 15; 20-40 y) and elderly men (n = 20; > 65 y) and 33 normohomocysteinemic (NHcy; controls) young (n = 14) and elderly (n = 19) men (Hcy < 13 micro mol/L), without classic cardiovascular risk factors were recruited. Serum Hcy, folate, and vitamin B-12, whole-blood glutathione, plasma total antioxidants status, TBARS, and 8-F(2alpha) isoprostanes were determined. Noninvasive ultrasound measurements of endothelium-dependent (EDVR) and -independent dilatation (EIVR) were performed. EDVR, EIVR, and markers of oxidative stress did not differ among the groups. Folate concentrations were higher in elderly than in young men (P < 0.001), independent of Hcy concentrations. Vitamin B-12 concentrations were lower in HHcy than in NHcy elderly men (P < 0.045). EDVR was correlated with folate concentrations in young men (r = 0.40, P = 0.04) and negatively with BMI in elderly men (r = -0.52, P = 0.002). In the present study, HHcy with normal serum folate concentrations was not associated with poor EDVR or oxidative stress in healthy young and elderly men.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prostate-specific antigen as predictor of prostate cancer in black men and white men.

BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of prostate cancer creates complex issues in health care management and cost containment. There is a need to evaluate serial measurements of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a marker for long-term risk of clinically important prostate cancer (stages B through D). PURPOSE: We used a nested case-control design within a retrospective cohort study to evaluate serial PSA concentrations in relation to subsequent prostate cancer diagnoses. METHODS: Participants included 40 black and 96 white men with subsequent diagnoses of prostate cancer and 84 black and 100 white men without such diagnoses (control subjects) in a multiphasic health screening program conducted by the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California. Serial serum samples were collected 1.5-23 years before prostate cancer diagnosis. RESULTS: Median serum PSA concentrations, specific for age and subsequent cancer status, were similar in blacks and whites. Concentrations in control subjects increased exponentially with age, with a doubling time of 24.9 years. Concentrations in men with stage A cancer were similar to those in control subjects. Until about 13 years before diagnosis, PSA in men with subsequent cancer stages B through D increased exponentially with age, with a doubling time similar to that of control subjects. Thereafter, the PSA concentrations increased exponentially, with a doubling time of 4.3 years. Rapid increase in PSA concentration started about 1.5 years earlier for men with stage D cancer than for men with stage B or C cancer. The single PSA measurement drawn closest to diagnosis was a more sensitive marker of stages B through D cancer within the next 7 years than was any index of change that also took account of earlier PSA readings. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that 1) age-specific PSA concentrations are similar in black men and white men and 2) current PSA concentration, specific for age, outperforms changes in past concentrations in identifying the man who will develop stage B, C, or D cancer within 7 years, albeit at the cost of a slightly higher rate of false-positive results. This interpretation needs confirmation in other data containing many serial PSA measurements within a few years of diagnosis.

Adult↗