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PubMed2002

Medical informatics: searching for underlying components.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss unifying principles that can provide a theory for the diverse aspects of work in medical informatics. If medical informatics is to have academic credibility, it must articulate a clear theory that is distinct from that of computer science or of other related areas of study. RESULTS: The notions of reusable domain antologies and problem-solving methods provide the foundation for current work on second-generation knowledge-based systems. These abstractions are also attractive for defining the core contributions of basic research in informatics. We can understand many central activities within informatics in terms defining, refining, applying, and evaluating domain ontologies and problem-solving methods. CONCLUSION: Construing work in medical informatics in terms of actions involving ontologies and problem-solving methods may move us closer to a theoretical basis for our field.

Information Science↗
PubMed2005

François Grémy and the birth of IMIA. 1st IMIA/UMIT Medical Informatics Award of Excellence given to Professor Grémy.

In 2001 the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) approved the establishment of a Medical Informatics Award of Excellence to be given every three years to an individual, whose personal commitment and dedication to medical informatics has made a lasting contribution to medicine and healthcare through her or his achievements in research, education, development or applications in the field of medical informatics. The first award was given in 2004 to Prof. François Grémy, Uzes, France. As the first chairman and moderator of TC4, François Grémy is considered to be the first President of its renamed and refocused successor, the International Medical Informatics Association. The role of IFIP-TC4 in bringing together early health informaticians cannot be underestimated. Although TC4 was composed in large part of computer professionals interested in medical applications, Grémy recruited the first generation of IMIA officers and members from the medical and healthcare communities. Intellectually as well as organizationally, IFIP-TC4 was the true predecessor of IMIA.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1989

A review of medical education and medical informatics.

Physicians have considerable difficulty collecting and interpreting information from patients, dealing with the uncertainties associated with diagnosing and treating their patients, communicating precisely with one another, keeping up to date, and applying recommended procedures when indicated. Some of the advances in information technology may help physicians to manage information more effectively through more accessible, validated clinical indexes, data bases of diagnostic test characteristics, computerized audits of clinical activities with feedback, expert systems, on-line access to the medical literature, and other tools of medical informatics. Medical educators can catalyze this process by facilitating the introduction of information technology into academic clinical settings so that students can learn its use first-hand and by promoting the evolution of this and other aspects of medical informatics, a new discipline dedicated to the solution of information problems in health care. The potential roles for computer-aided instruction and centralized computer laboratories in medical schools are much less clear.

Canada↗
PubMed1995

The Internet and its role in teaching medical informatics to undergraduates.

Training medical informatics students in the use of tools that may assist their future careers is only one component of what we feel is required of a successful course. Leaving students with a sense of what these tools can actually do for them, and how they can be applied in daily work and research, is the most important goal. We discuss how the Internet, with its wealth of information and interconnections between individuals, can be used to involve students, thus leaving them with the motivation and skills to achieve this longer term goal once they have left our course.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strategic planning activities of the American Medical Informatics Association.

The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) has begun the process of long-range strategic plan development. The AMIA Board of Directors established an Ad Hoc Strategic Planning Task Force, with the goal of initiating such planning in November 1992. In January 1993, the Task Force convened a group of AMIA members in order to develop an initial set of goals and objectives. The group consisted of past and present AMIA Board members, AMIA Committee chairpersons, representative AMIA Working Group chairpersons, the AMIA Executive Director and members of the AMIA office staff, and a number of AMIA members-at-large. The group created a draft strategic plan, which was refined by the Task Force after circulation among two focus groups and through a mailing to the AMIA membership. This report of the AMIA strategic planning process is intended to create a historical record and to stimulate further discussion of a working plan that will evolve over time. AMIA will continue the strategic planning process through its Ad Hoc Strategic Planning Committee as it begins to implement aspects of the strategic plan over the next several years.

Association↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The structure of medical informatics journal literature.

OBJECTIVE: Medical informatics is an emergent interdisciplinary field described as drawing upon and contributing to both the health sciences and information sciences. The authors elucidate the disciplinary nature and internal structure of the field. DESIGN: To better understand the field's disciplinary nature, the authors examine the intercitation relationships of its journal literature. To determine its internal structure, they examined its journal cocitation patterns. MEASUREMENTS: The authors used data from the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) to perform intercitation studies among productive journal titles, and software routines from SPSS to perform multivariate data analyses on cocitation data for proposed core journals. RESULTS: Intercitation network analysis suggests that a core literature exists, one mark of a separate discipline. Multivariate analyses of cocitation data suggest that major focus areas within the field include biomedical engineering, biomedical computing, decision support, and education. The interpretable dimensions of multidimensional scaling maps differed for the SCI and SSCI data sets. Strong links to information science literature were not found. CONCLUSION: The authors saw indications of a core literature and of several major research fronts. The field appears to be viewed differently by authors writing in journals indexed by SCI from those writing in journals indexed by SSCI, with more emphasis placed on computers and engineering versus decision making by the former and more emphasis on theory versus application (clinical practice) by the latter.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1995

On the foundation and structure of medical informatics.

The authors from China and the United States take medical informatics from theory to practice by improving its research, application, and dissemination and by expanding its educational potential. We built a theoretical model and discussed its definition, approach, foundation, principles, and structure. Medical informatics is the interdisciplinary study of information science applied to medicine and health care. Its developing approach is transplantation. The foundation of medical informatics has "building blocks" of knowledge. They are: information procedure models; information classification principles; information processing methodologies; and functional hierarchical principles of information systems. The structure of medical informatics includes the main knowledge branches and their logical relations. There are four big branches: computer tools and systems methods; engineering equipment and methods; medical fields information systems; and health care management systems. Based on the investigation of the professional status (its theory and application, and its forms and the contents) of medical informatics, it can be seen that this new discipline is becoming mature.

China↗
PubMed1998

Health and medical informatics education: perspectives for the next decade.

It is argued that the progress of information processing and information technology changes our societies. Examples are given that there is a significant economic relevance of information technology for medicine and healthcare and for the quality of healthcare as well. In order to adequately pursue the goal of 'Transforming healthcare through innovative use of information technology for the 21st century' (the topic of the 6th International Conference on Health and Medical Informatics Education and of this special issue of the International Journal of Medical Informatics), health professionals are needed who are well-educated in health informatics or medical informatics, respectively. Raising the scope and the quality of education in the field of health and medical informatics would help to raise the quality and efficiency of healthcare. In this context the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and its working group 1 (WG1) on Health and Medical Informatics Education can make a contribution by disseminating information and by elaborating recommendations on courses and programs in health and medical informatics. For this purpose IMIA WG1 has established a WWW site (http://www.imia.org/wg1) with information on health and medical informatics programs and courses. All teachers and institutions are encouraged to submit information about courses and programs offered and to set pointers to their own WWW sites. In addition, a mailing list was installed to facilitate communication between all persons involved in health and medical informatics education. For subscription, a message has to be sent to 'listserv@relay.urz.uni-heidelberg.de'. The body of the message should read 'SUBSCRIBE IMIA-WG1'.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Continuous quality improvement and medical informatics: the convergent synergy.

Continuous quality improvement (CQI) and medical informatics specialists need to converge their efforts to create synergy for improving health care. Health care CQI needs medical informatics' expertise and technology to build the information systems needed to manage health care organizations according to quality improvement principles. Medical informatics needs CQI's philosophy and methods to build health care information systems that can evolve to meet the changing needs of clinicians and other stakeholders. This paper explores the philosophical basis for convergence of CQI and medical informatics efforts, and then examines a clinical computer workstation development project that is applying a combined approach.

Computer Security↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ten years of medical informatics. Introduction.

The discussions of the Tenth Anniversary of the Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (SCAMC) are summarized. Eight different subject areas are addressed: Medical informatics and medical education; Decision making, medical artificial intelligence, modelling and simulations; Image processing, 3-D graphics, and computer networks; Reimbursement policy, legal and regulatory issues; Encoding and representation of medical meaning; Ambulatory medical records systems; Hospital information systems; and Software environments for developing medical information systems. The activities of the 10th SCAMC consisted of Tutorials, Panel Discussions, a Plenary Session, Scientific Demonstrations, and an International Student Paper Competition in Medical Informatics.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

A network-based system to improve care for schizophrenia: the Medical Informatics Network Tool (MINT).

The Medical Informatics Network Tool (MINT) is a software system that supports the management of care for chronic illness. It is designed to improve clinical information, facilitate teamwork, and allow management of health care quality. MINT includes a browser interface for entry and organization of data and preparation of real-time reports. It includes personal computer-based applications that interact with clinicians. MINT is being used in a project to improve the treatment of schizophrenia. At each patient visit, a nurse briefly assesses symptoms, side effects, and other key problems and enters this information into MINT. When the physician subsequently opens the patient's electronic medical record, a window appears with the assessment information, a messaging interface, and access to treatment guidelines. Clinicians and managers receive reports regarding the quality of patients' treatment. To date, MINT has been used with more than 165 patients and 29 psychiatrists and has supported practices that are consistent with improvements in the quality of care.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMed1989

The postgraduate medical informatics programme at the University of Cape Town.

The Medical Informatics education programme at the University of Cape Town was developed as part of the postgraduate education programme run by the Department of Biomedical Engineering. The aim of the programme is twofold: a) To give students a broad background in Medical Informatics, to enable them to participate in the development, planning and management of information systems to support health care in South Africa, and b) To enable them to do a research project in a specialised area, thus learning research techniques, and contributing to the development of Medical Informatics as a discipline. Students benefit from participating in a postgraduate programme in a multidisciplinary department, which is firmly linked to the health care environment. A more specialised Medical Informatics programme is planned, but the multidisciplinary nature of work in this field will continue to be emphasised.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recommendations for responsible monitoring and regulation of clinical software systems. American Medical Informatics Association, Computer-based Patient Record Institute, Medical Library Association, Association of Academic Health Science Libraries, American Health Information Management Association, American Nurses Association.

In mid-1996, the FDA called for discussions on regulation of clinical software programs as medical devices. In response, a consortium of organizations dedicated to improving health care through information technology has developed recommendations for the responsible regulation and monitoring of clinical software systems by users, vendors, and regulatory agencies. Organizations assisting in development of recommendations, or endorsing the consortium position include the American Medical Informatics Association, the Computer-based Patient Record Institute, the Medical Library Association, the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries, the American Health Information Management Association, the American Nurses Association, the Center for Healthcare Information Management, and the American College of Physicians. The consortium proposes four categories of clinical system risks and four classes of measured monitoring and regulatory actions that can be applied strategically based on the level of risk in a given setting. The consortium recommends local oversight of clinical software systems, and adoption by healthcare information system developers of a code of good business practices. Budgetary and other constraints limit the type and number of systems that the FDA can regulate effectively. FDA regulation should exempt most clinical software systems and focus on those systems posing highest clinical risk, with limited opportunities for competent human intervention.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of medical informatics in Belgium.

The Belgian Society for Medical Informatics (MIM) organized a survey in 1986 in order to assess the present state of development of medical informatics in Belgium. Questionnaires were sent to hospitals, laboratories, private practitioners and pharmacists, as well as to social security organizations and software industries. The response rate was higher in hospitals (93%) than in any other category. Results showed a large number of computerized hospitals (93% of general acute care hospitals and 91% of psychiatric hospitals). There has been a sharp increase (+ 15%) in computerization of the admission, accounting and billing procedures since 1985, most likely in relation with administrative rules issued by the Belgian Government. The same trend (+ 20%) has been observed for computer applications in clinical laboratories, between 1984 and 1985. There is almost one computer terminal for ten beds in the hospitals with more than 200 beds in 1986. This figure exemplifies the present trend to on-line access to data. Computerized instrumental aids to medicine such as text processing, imaging or computerized interpretation of signals have known a rapid extension during recent years, although less comprehensive than administrative applications in hospitals and in social security organizations. The present state of other applications in medicine (general practice, pharmacy, etc.) was more difficult to assess as those information systems remain more pinpointed. In all medical fields, there appears to be a new rise in computer programs offered by software companies.

Belgium↗
PubMed2005

The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics.

Quasi-experimental study designs, often described as nonrandomized, pre-post intervention studies, are common in the medical informatics literature. Yet little has been written about the benefits and limitations of the quasi-experimental approach as applied to informatics studies. This paper outlines a relative hierarchy and nomenclature of quasi-experimental study designs that is applicable to medical informatics intervention studies. In addition, the authors performed a systematic review of two medical informatics journals, the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (JAMIA) and the International Journal of Medical Informatics (IJMI), to determine the number of quasi-experimental studies published and how the studies are classified on the above-mentioned relative hierarchy. They hope that future medical informatics studies will implement higher level quasi-experimental study designs that yield more convincing evidence for causal links between medical informatics interventions and outcomes.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1997

Challenges for medical informatics in the 21st century.

This paper introduces the topic of this special issue: challenges for medical informatics in the 21st century. This paper discusses the nature of medical informatics. Some descriptions and definitions of medical informatics are reviewed. Then the research aspects of medical informatics are discussed. It is argued that the more mundane aspects of medical informatics like system development and implementation are important and need further consideration, especially concerning social aspects and correctness.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Training residents in medical informatics.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A number of medical educators have called for an increased emphasis on medical informatics training, but few family practice residency programs have provided more than cursory teaching efforts in this area. This paper provides an overview of approaches to medical informatics education that have been implemented with some success by "pioneer" programs. A comprehensive review of the literature reveals many promising teaching applications of informatics tools, such as palmtop computing devices, e-mail, decision support software, and videoconferencing. However, barriers to the advancement of informatics training in residency remain, including low rates of computer ownership and use among residents, a lack of information regarding faculty computer skills, and lack of collaboration among programs teaching informatics. Based on the literature review and tempered by expert recommendations, an eight-step process for developing or refining a family medicine informatics curriculum is proposed: 1) conduct a needs assessment 2) review expert recommendations, 3) enlist faculty and local institutional support, 4) espouse a human-centered approach, 5) integrate informatics training into the larger curriculum, 6) provide easy access to computers, 7) provide practical training, and 8) measure and report educational outcomes.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2006

Developing an interactive approach in teaching medical informatics.

A new masters program in medical informatics is proposed for development at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Timisoara. Given the rapidly changing technology itself and its deployment in biomedical science, the master's program curriculum has to be multidisciplinary, comprehensive and coherent in conveying the concepts, as well as the interdisciplinary character, of medical informatics (MI). We describe the rationale and methods for a pilot study to develop a new, interactive approach in teaching MI. The study is being conducted within the existing MI course offered for the medical students in order to evaluate its impact on instruction and determine if a larger scale design is feasible. Two teaching teams of four instructors have been assigned to one of two tracks in our pilot study: traditional instruction or interactive instruction. After one term we have gained important information about how the structural and instructional aspects of the pilot design may influence confidence and attitudes.

Humans↗