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PubMed2005

Determination of the minmum effective dosages of praziquantel, albendazole, and mebendazole against Clonorchis sinensis infection in rats.

In order to determine the minimum effective dosages of praziquantel, albendazole, and mebendazole against Clonorchis sinensis infection in Sprague-Dawley rats, each rat was infected with 30 metacercariae and treated with one of three drugs. The rats were killed and examined 25 days after praziquantel treatment or 11 days after albendazole or mebendazole treatment. The minimum effective dosages were a single dose of praziquantel 375 mg/kg, albendazole 150 mg/kg, and mebendazole 150 mg/kg. Trials are required to determine whether these dosages are useful in the treatment of human clonorchiasis.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of soil-transmitted nematode infections in children with mebendazole.

Treatment of soil-transmitted nematodes with mebendazole was carried out in 137 children aged 6--15 years in Thailand. There were 100 cases of hookworm infection, 37 of ascariasis, 16 of trichuriasis and 32 of strongyloidiasis. Mebendazole was given at 100 mg twice daily for three consecutive days irrespective of age or weight. The reduction rates as seen by mean egg counts four weeks after treatment were 94.9% for hookworm infection, 100% for ascariasis and 93.9% for trichuriasis; the reduction rates of the mean larval count in 15 cases of strongyloidiasis was 82.1%. No side-effects were observed. Mebendazole was thus confirmed as effective and safe in the treatment of soil-transmitted nematode infections in children in Thailand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The role of mebendazole in the surgical treatment of central nervous system hydatid disease.

Although hydatid disease is the most common human disease caused by helminths, cerebral and spinal involvement in hydatid disease is rare. Recurrence is common when cysts rupture during surgical removal. The authors present the results of combined treatment with surgery and mebendazole in four cerebral and five spinal cases of hydatid disease. The patients' ages ranged between 4 and 55 years with a mean of 26 years. In three of the four cranial patients who received mebendazole treatment, the cysts ruptured during surgical removal. Four of the five spinal cases had recurrent disease at the time of admission. Mebendazole was started immediately after surgery and continued over 12 months. All cases but one are stable clinically or radiologically at a mean 27 months follow-up period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Mebendazole poisoning in infancy.

Accidental mebendazole poisoning in an 8-week-old infant and respiratory arrest with tachyarrhythmia associated with continuous seizures is reported. Exchange transfusion was undertaken as a life-saving measure. Mebendazole, like piperazine citrate, has considerable neurotoxicity, especially in infancy, and we propose the use of exchange transfusion as a means of mebendazole elimination in infants.

Apnea↗
PubMed1984

Hydatid disease of the spine causing paraplegia. The combined treatment by surgical drainage and mebendazole: a case report.

Hydatid disease of the spine is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. Paraplegia is a severe complication and has a low chance for recovery. Surgical drainage and decompression has been the treatment of choice although success was limited. Medical treatment with mebendazole was introduced in 1977 for cystic and alveolar Hydatid disease of the liver. In this paper, a case with Hydatid disease with complete paraplegia is presented. He was treated by combined surgical and medical treatment that included several surgical drainages, decompression, and fusion procedures, accompanied by high dose mebendazole for three years. Recovery from the paraplegia was complete except for the persistence of a neurogenic bladder. Neither clinical nor laboratory evidence of activity of the disease existed after six years of follow-up. This case must encourage further clinical trials in such cases, combining surgical treatment with mebendazole.

Benzimidazoles↗
PubMed1988

Theophylline disposition--effects of cimetidine, mebendazole and albendazole.

On the basis of the report that benzimidazoles bind to and inhibit the hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzyme system, the effect of mebendazole and albendazole on theophylline disposition was studied in 12 volunteers. Mebendazole at a dose of 100 mg b.d. for 3 days did not significantly alter the theophylline half-life, volume of distribution or clearance in a group of six. In another group of six adult volunteers, albendazole (400 mg) pretreatment did not alter the same parameters. However, in this second group, pretreatment with cimetidine (400 mg t.d.s. for 5 days) significantly increased theophylline half life from 7.7 to 9.8 +/- 1.5 h (P less than 0.001) and reduced its clearance from 0.8 to 0.60 +/- 0.1 ml min-1 kg-1 (P less than 0.005). The volume of distribution was not altered significantly. It is concluded that at therapeutic doses it is unlikely that mebendazole or albendazole will induce theophylline toxicity if co-administered with the bronchodilator. Cimetidine-induced impairment of theophylline metabolism is such that toxicity will be more likely in individuals with initial high theophylline clearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A double-blind randomized controlled trial of antenatal mebendazole to reduce low birthweight in a hookworm-endemic area of Peru.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect on birthweight of antenatal mebendazole plus iron vs. placebo plus iron in a highly hookworm-endemic area. METHODS: Double-blind, randomized controlled trial set in rural and peri-urban communities in the Peruvian Amazon region. A total of 1042 second trimester pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 44 years were recruited from April to November 2003, and followed to July 2004. Women were randomly assigned to receive either mebendazole (500 mg single dose) plus iron supplements (60 mg elemental iron daily) or placebo plus iron supplements. The primary outcome was mean infant birthweight and secondary measures included proportion of low birthweight babies and maternal anaemia. RESULTS: The prevalence of hookworm infection was 47.5%. There were no differences between intervention groups in mean birthweight (3104 g vs. 3090 g, P = 0.629), proportion of low birthweight (<2500 g; 8.1%vs. 8.7%, P = 0.755) or maternal anaemia in the third trimester [33.0% (158/479) vs. 32.3% (152/471), P = 0.815]. However, the proportion of very low birthweight (<1500 g) was significantly lower in the mebendazole group [0% (0/479) vs. 1.5% (7/471), P = 0.007]. CONCLUSIONS: This trial provides additional evidence for the use of anthelmintics, over and above iron supplementation, within antenatal care programmes in hookworm-endemic areas. Benefits of de-worming may be higher in countries not having an antenatal iron supplementation programme or where intensity of hookworm infections is higher.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of mebendazole activity on experimental murine toxocariasis by immune complexes determination.

The mebendazole action on experimental murine toxocariasis, using different formulations and vehicles, was studied by means of the detection of antibodies and immune complexes by ELISA. After inoculation with 1000 embryonated Toxocara canis eggs, BALB/c mice were submitted to the anthelmintic treatment as follows: group 1 (control without treatment); group 2 (mebendazole (MBZ), Lomper, Steve Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain, suspended in 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day); group 3 (MBZ, pure compound suspended in 1% CMC at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day); group 4 (MBZ, pure compound suspended in water at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day); group 5 (MBZ, pure compound, formulated to a solid dispersion at 10% in polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) then dissolved in water at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day); group 6 (MBZ, pure compound, formulated to a solid dispersion at 10% in PEG then dissolved in water at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day); group 7 (MBZ, pure compound, formulated to a solid dispersion at 10% in PEG then dissolved in water at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day). The treatments were administered on days 5-7 post-inoculation (p.i.) inclusive. The dynamics of the production of the specific antibodies for both excretory-secretory (ES) antigen or crude extract showed a similar profile as compared to the control group. In groups 2 and 6, from the beginning of the treatment, values of immune complexes fell rapidly and were undetectable for the remainder of the experiment. Reductions of immune complex levels by the 4th-6th, 2nd-3rd and 2nd-5th weeks p.i. were observed from groups 3, 5 and 7, respectively. In the other groups, similar profiles as compared to the control group were observed in the dynamics of the specific immune complexes. The evaluation of chemotherapy by immunological methods is a valid technique for the efficiency of the treatment without the disadvantages of larval recovery from several digested tissues. Mebendazole, pure compound, formulated to a solid dispersion in PEG, then dissolved in water reduced immune complexes from the beginning of the treatment. The larval immobilization produced by MBZ should entail a reduction in their metabolic activity with a reduction in the production of excretory-secretory substances which are responsible for the formation of immune complexes. The rapid clearance of specific immune complexes together with a total larvae reduction would explain the decrease in specific immune complexes, which detection is a valid technique for monitoring the efficiency of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Combined treatment with interleukin-12 and mebendazole lessens the severity of experimental eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in ICR mice.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the major cause of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis cases in Taiwan. Mice were orally infected with 35 infective larvae. One group of mice were given a single dose of mebendazole (20 mg/kg of body weight) per os at various times and examined at 14 days postinfection (dpi) for worm recovery rate and pathological studies. A 94 to 97% reduction in worm recovery was observed when medication was given at 4 to 5 dpi. Sections of the brains revealed that untreated infected mice developed typical severe eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Meninges of these mice were thickened by massive infiltration of eosinophils, whereas only moderate pathological change was observed in the brains of mice that were treated with mebendazole at 4 dpi. Infected mice that received daily injections of 10 ng of interleukin-12 (IL-12) only for various numbers of days also exhibited moderate pathological changes in the brain. Eosinophil infiltration in the brains of these mice was low, and severe mechanical injuries in the parenchyma were observed. Treatment with mebendazole in combination with IL-12, however, resulted in low levels of worm recovery and dramatic lessening of the eosinophilic meningitis. A reverse transcriptase PCR assay of mRNA expression in the brain also revealed that the use of IL-12 had shifted the immune response of the mouse from Th2 type to Th1 type. This study could be used in developing strategies for the treatment of human angiostrongylosis.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis↗
PubMed1979

Efficacy of mebendazole against Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in the donkey.

In a controlled trial in naturally infected donkeys the efficacy of mebendazole against Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection was evaluated. A powder formulation of mebendazole given orally at a dosage rate of 4.3 to 5.7 mg per kg per day for five days had no apparent effect on existing lungworm burdens. However a paste formulation of mebendazole given orally at a higher dosage rate of 15.2 to 20.0 mg per kg per day for five days was 75 to 100 per cent effective in the removal of lungworms from individual animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

A randomized trial comparing mebendazole and secnidazole for the treatment of giardiasis.

To compare the efficacy of the two drugs in the treatment of giardiasis, 146 children (aged 5-15 years) with confirmed Giardia lamblia infection were randomly allotted to treatment with mebendazole (200 mg three times daily for 3 days) or secnidazole (30 mg/kg, in a single dose). Parasitological response to treatment was evaluated in each child by the microscopical examination of faecal samples collected 3, 5 and 7 days after he or she had completed treatment. Although the frequency of cure was higher for secnidazole (79.4%) than for mebendazole (78.1%), the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Both treatment regimens were well tolerated, with only mild, transient and self-limiting side-effects reported. Mebendazole may be preferable to secnidazole in the treatment of giardiasis cases who have an history of intolerance to 5-nitromidazoles, and where infections with Giardia and soil-transmitted helminths frequently co-occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Improvement of dissolution and bioavailability for mebendazole, an agent for human echinococcosis, by preparing solid dispersion with polyethylene glycol.

The solid dispersion of mebendazole was prepared with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance the dissolution rate of mebendazole, an agent for the chemotherapy of human echinococcosis. The dissolution rate of the solid dispersion increased compared with the physical mixture, and also increased with the incorporation of an increasing amount of PEG-6000. An extensive improvement of the dissolution rate was observed when the ratio of the solid dispersion of mebendazole to PEG-6000 was more than 1: 2. Furthermore, greater bioavailability in rabbits was obtained after oral administration of the solid dispersion compared with the physical mixture.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Treatment with mebendazole is not associated with distal migration of adult Angiostrongylus costaricensis in the murine experimental infection.

Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is a zoonotic infection produced by a metastrongylid intra-arterial nematode, Angiostrongylus costaricensis. Human accidental infection may result in abdominal lesions and treatment with anti-helminthics is contra-indicated because of potential higher morbidity with excitement or death of worms inside vessels. To evaluate the effect of mebendazole on localization of the worms, male Swiss mice, 5 week-old, were infected with 10 third stage larvae per animal. Twelve infected mice were treated with oral mebendazol, at 5 mg/kg/day, for 5 consecutive days, begining 22 days after inoculation. As control groups, 12 infected but non-treated mice and other 12 non-infected and non-treated mice were studied. The findings at necropsy were, respectively for the treated (T) and control (C) groups: 92% and 80% of the worms were inside the cecal mesenteric arterial branch; 8% and 10% were located inside the aorta. Only in the group C some worms (10%) were found inside the portal vein or splenic artery. These data indicate that treatment with mebendazole does not lead to distal or ectopic migration of A. costaricensis worms.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis↗
PubMed1978

A comparative trial of oxantel-pyrantel and mebendazole in multiple helminth infection in school children.

In a pilot study in 17 children, oxantel-pyrantel as one single dose of 10 to 20mg/kg of each, gave good results in ascariasis but poor cure rates in both trichuriasis and necatoriasis. However in the latter groups the infection was extremely heavy. In a controlled trial in 51 children, using oxantel-pyrantel at the same dose, but given daily for 3 consecutive days, or mebendazole 100mg twice daily for 3 days, the drugs gave similar response rates. Both gave 100% cure rates, as assessed by the absence of ova by both Beaver and brine-flotation techniques, in Ascaris lumbricoides infection. The percentage cures and egg reduction rates were 66.7 and 94.5 in trichuriasis and 53 and 93.6 in necatoriasis respectively. Those for mebendazole were 52 and 91.2 in trichuriasis and 37.5 and 89.7 in necatoriasis. Oxante-pyrantel treatment was associated with more cures, and a marginally greater reduction in ovum excretion than mebendazole but the differences were not statistically significant. No side-effects were seen with either treatment.

Benzimidazoles↗
PubMed1975

Mebendazole in the treatment of dracontiasis.

In a controlled field trial of treatment for dracontiasis, mebendazole (Vermox) was found to be effective in eliminating the adult worm and preventing clinical relapses, but it did not achieve significant amelioration of symptoms, subsidence of inflammation, or healing of ulcers. The failure is attributed to poor absorption and lack of anti-inflammatory action of the drug. Mebendazole was well tolerated and although two patients reported mild gastrointestinal disturbances, which may be attributed to the drug, the study confirms that mebendazole is one of the safest anthelmintics in current use and is in that respect ideal for mass therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Mebendazole in the treatment of severe symptomatic trichuriasis in children.

Mebendazole (methyl-5-benzoylbenzimidazole-2-carbamate), a new broad spectrum anthelmintic, cured 26 (74% out of 35 children) with severe symptomatic trichuriasis. Repeat course of therapy were necessary in some cases. The nine treatment failures all showed large reductions (82-99%) in egg counts. Thus, an overall satisfactory response was obtained in terms of complete parasite eradication in 74%, relief of symptoms in all, and significant reduction in worm load in the failures. In the recommended dosage of 100 mg twice daily for 3 days mebendazole failed to achieve a cure rate of 95% to 100% reported in asymptomatic individuals and those with light infections of Trichuris trichiura. It is probable that measures to control diarrhea before administering mebendazole in an increased, extended, or repreated dosage schedule will achieve a higher cure rate. The drug was well tolerated and completely free from any toxic effects.

Benzimidazoles↗
PubMed1978

In vivo effects of mebendazole and levamisole in the treatment of trichuriasis and ascariasis.

The anthelmintic drugs mebendazole (Vermox) and levamisole were tested in patients for their possible ovicidal effects on the eggs of Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. The patients studied were 20 Africans of Sierra Leone, and 11 children of Nassau, Bahamas. Egg counts were made before treatment, and for 5 consecutive days following treatment. Eggs were incubated in 2.5% aqueous potassium dichromate and percentages of larval development were determined. Mebendazole completely inhibited the development of the eggs of T. trichiura by day 3 of the follow-up period. The ovicidal action of mebendazole on the eggs of A. lumbricoides was determined to be 64.8% by day 5 of the follow-up study. Levamisole had little (11.6%) ovicidal action on the eggs of T. trichiura and no ovicidal activity for A. lumbricoides.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Single dose mebendazole therapy for soil-transmitted nematodes.

Four hundred and fifty subjects were included in a study of the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematodes in Ujung Pandang, South-Sulawesi, Indonesia. Trichuriasis was the most prevalent infection (93.3%), followed by ascariasis (80.2%) and hookworm infection (19.5%). Among 156 subjects who were given 500 mg of mebendazole in a single dose, treatment resulted in cure rates of 93.4%, 77.6%, and 91.1%, and average egg-count reduction rates of 99.0%, 92.8%, and 98.3%, for ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm infections, respectively. Mebendazole appeared to be equally effective against necatoriasis and ancylostomiasis. The drug was well tolerated and almost no side effects were observed. Single dose mebendazole treatment appears to be relatively inexpensive, convenient, and effective in mass treatment for the control of intestinal nematode infections, especially in highly infected communities.

Ascariasis↗