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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of estimated insulin resistance and beta-cell function in Indian, Creole and Chinese Mauritians. The Mauritius NCD Study Group.

Associations with insulin resistance and islet beta-cell function have been studied cross-sectionally in a population-based sample of 4278 Mauritians comprising Asian Indian, Creole and Chinese subjects. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were estimated by a computer solved model based on fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Insulin resistance increased with declining glucose tolerance, whereas beta-cell function was highest in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and lowest in those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Indian subjects had the highest beta-cell function, while ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity were less marked. This may indicate that deranged beta-cell function rather than insulin resistance is the primary determinant of hyperinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance in Asian Indians. beta-Cell function declined with age more sharply than did insulin sensitivity, suggesting that the age-related decline in glucose tolerance is primarily related to loss of beta-cell function. Body mass index, waist/hip ratio, physical inactivity and female sex were independently associated with insulin resistance and beta-cell function. Subjects with a family history of diabetes had increased insulin resistance, irrespective of glucose tolerance. This or similar models may have application in longitudinal population-based studies which seek to determine the relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell function to the aetio-pathogenesis of NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Medical wastes characterisation in healthcare institutions in Mauritius.

This study was initiated to characterize solid and liquid wastes generated in healthcare institutions and to provide a framework for the safe management of these wastes. The project was carried at three major medical institutions, namely, the Jeetoo Hospital, the Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam National (SSRN) Hospital and the Clinic Mauricienne. A waste audit carried out at these sites revealed that approximately 10% of solid wastes was hazardous in nature, consisting mainly of infectious, pathological and chemical wastes. The average amount of hazardous wastes per patient per day was found to be 0.072 kg at Jeetoo hospital, 0.091 kg at SSRN hospital and 0.179 kg at the clinic. The amount of hazardous wastes generated as a function of the number of occupied beds was found to follow a relationship of type y=0.0006x-0.19, where y was the amount of hazardous wastes generated per bed per day and x was the number of occupied beds. The waste quantifying process also revealed that at SSRN Hospital, 0.654 m(3) of water was being consumed per patient per day and the amount of wastewater produced was 500 m(3)/day. Further analysis revealed that the wastewater was polluting with chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)), total suspended solids (TSS) and coliform content well above permissible limits.

Hazardous Waste↗
PubMed1996

Relationship of insulin resistance to weight gain in nondiabetic Asian Indian, Creole, and Chinese Mauritians. Mauritius Non-communicable Disease Study Group.

There is evidence from animal models that postprandial insulin hypersecretion may precede the development of obesity and insulin resistance, but it is not clear if this is the case in humans. Recently, two longitudinal studies have suggested that insulin resistance acts to limit further weight gain rather than to promote it. The relationship of markers of insulin sensitivity and secretion to changes in weight and the waist to hip ratio (WHR) was therefore examined in nondiabetic Asian Indian (n = 2,169), Creole (n = 798), and Chinese (n = 189) Mauritians over a 5-year follow-up period. Younger age and lower initial body mass index (BMI) were consistent independent predictors of increase in weight in all sex-ethnic subgroups, and older age, higher BMI, and lower WHR were associated with change in WHR. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostatic model assessment (HOMAS), as well as by fasting insulin and the ratio of fasting insulin to glucose. Insulin resistance predicted weight gain in Chinese men independently of baseline age and BMI. In Asian Indian and Creole men and women, these correlations were in the opposite direction (ie, insulin sensitivity predicted weight gain) but became nonsignificant when age and BMI were controlled. There was little relationship of insulin resistance/sensitivity to the change in WHR once baseline BMI was controlled. These data provide suggestive but not convincing evidence that insulin resistance may limit weight gain, and contradictory evidence in one ethnic group that insulin resistance promotes weight gain.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Constituents of Psiadia terebinthina A.J. Scott, an endemic Asteraceae from Mauritius.

Kaemferol-3-methyl ether (1), quercetin-3-methyl ether (2), kaemferol-3,7-dimethyl ether (3), 3-caffeoyl quinic acid (4) and 3,4-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (5) have been isolated for the first time from the leaves of Psiadia terebinthina A.J. Scott (Asteraceae). The identity of the compounds 1-5 were confirmed by various spectroscopic methods.

Asteraceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of cause-of-death structure on age patterns of mortality in Mauritius.

Over the period 1969-86, Mauritian mortality declined rapidly, accompanied by substantial change in its age pattern of mortality and cause-of-death structure. Using cause-of-death data for this period, this paper studies the influence of cause-of-death structure on age patterns of mortality. Infectious and parasitic diseases had marked influence on age patterns of mortality for young Mauritian males, while circulatory causes of death influenced the age pattern of mortality for older Mauritian males. For females, their unique age pattern of mortality remained unique, largely because of the uniform and smooth change in cause-of-death structure.

Adolescent↗