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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Bovine leptospirosis: experimental serovar hardjo infection.

Almost the full range of clinical signs observed in pregnant cattle naturally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was observed in this experimental study in which 22 heifers were infected by intraplacentome inoculation with serovar hardjo strains. These features included abortion, mummification, stillbirth, premature and term birth of weak calves and full-term birth of live apparently healthy calves. Leptospires were demonstrated in all but three calves by culture and or immunofluorescence.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Variation in the pathogenic potential and molecular characteristics of bovid herpesvirus-4 isolates.

Seven bovid herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) isolates recovered from various clinical conditions of cattle were studied for their pathogenic potential in pregnant rabbits. These viruses were originally recovered from respiratory and reproductive tract infections of cattle. A virus dose of 4 x 10(6.8)TCID50 per fetus was inoculated via the intrauterine route in 10- and 17-day pregnant rabbits. Clinical, virologic, and pathologic data were collected to compare the effect of each isolate on does and fetuses/kits. Three isolates (LVR-140, QVR-3140 and 86-068) caused abortion, fetal reabsorption and/or mummification in inoculated rabbits. Virus was recovered from tissues of inoculated rabbits (especially the spleen, ovaries and uterus) by organ explanation and/or co-cultivation. Intravenous inoculation of isolate 86-068 did not produce any clinical signs in either 10- or 17-day pregnant rabbits. All seven isolates of BHV-4 showed a predilection for the reproductive tract of pregnant rabbits but varied in the severity of disease signs produced. Variation was also observed in the genome of various isolates on the basis of restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis. Relationship of RE patterns to the variation in the pathogenic potential of seven BHV-4 isolates is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Experimental in utero infection of pig foetuses with porcine parvovirus (PPV).

Pig foetuses of various gestational ages were exposed to experimental infection with porcine parvovirus (PPV) in utero. Inoculation of 40-, 50- and 60-day-old foetuses with PPV caused foetal death and mummification and spread of the infection to non-inoculated foetuses. Inoculation at 80 and 100 days gestation caused pathological lesions of various degrees whereas spread of infection occurred only sporadically. Serological examinations of foetuses of different ages suggest that immunocompetence for PPV develops before 70 days gestation. The present results strongly indicate that intrauterine spread of PPV is a route of transmission of this virus between pig foetuses.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Body on the beach...a case of foot and mouth?

The case of a missing person is described whose body was discovered almost 8 months later on a secluded beach on the Solway coast, south west Scotland. The delay in discovery was due to the foot and mouth outbreak in the UK in 2001 and this resulted in conditions favouring the development of partial mummification. The influence of the tides and involvement of HM Coastguard are discussed, along with difficulties in the identification of partially skeletonised remains.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Epidemic of mesothelioma in Egypt.

Asbestos has been recognized in Egypt since a long time as ancient Egyptians were using it in mummification. Mesothelioma in Egypt is mainly attributed to environmental origin with a high incidence of women and young adults affected. The incidence of mesothelioma is rising in Egypt. Epidemiological data for 635 malignant mesothelioma (MM) patients over 4 years in the third Millennium were collected from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University and Abbassia Chest hospital. This number is more than four times the number diagnosed in the previous 11 years at NCI. A clinicopathological study was done for 100 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients and showed that asbestos exposure and SV40 positivity were evident in 67% and 60% of cases, respectively. The median survival was 14.3 months and the 1 and 2 year survival rates were 60% and 27%, respectively. Evaluation of p53 and pRb immunohistochemically showed that pRb alteration was related to poor survival. Other biological prognostic factors such as EGFR, HER-2, glutathione S transferase (GST) and MDR were evaluated in 50 cases. Overexpression of EGFR was correlated with lack of clinical benefit and poor survival. GST potentiated the effect of EGFR on survival. The use of EGFR inhibitors may have a role in the treatment of MM. Asbestos in Cairo is a silent killer and measures toward eliminating it entirely or at least strictly controlling human contact with this dangerous carcinogen have to be taken in order to combat the coming epidemic of mesothelioma in Egypt.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1): clinical, serological and virological patterns in breeding colonies.

Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) is presumed to be enzootic in the dog population and is associated with reproductive disorders and neonatal mortality. To advise dog breeders towards an effective management of CHV-1 infected colonies, 27 breeding bitches were studied during one reproductive cycle in field conditions: the effect of cycle stage, kennel size, initial antibody titre, mating and gestation on serologic and viral excretion patterns was evaluated, while the association between reproductive disorders and CHV-1 antibody titres and viral excretion was also analysed. All initially seronegative bitches seroconverted, while 40% of the initially seropositive bitches became seronegative at one or two occasions. No difference in antibody patterns was observed between mated and unmated bitches. Of the mated bitches, 46% experienced infertility, foetal resorption or mummification. No difference in antibody patterns was observed depending on the occurrence of reproductive disorders even if a decrease in antibody titres during early or late-di-oestrus was often present. Significantly higher titres were observed at all cycle stages in large kennels. None of the vaginal and nasal samples or buffy coats tested positive for CHV-1 DNA. The mixed image of clinical and sub-clinical carriage in this study demonstrated CHV-1 has a complex and difficult to predict clinical behavior. Preventive management with vaccination of reproducing bitches in kennels with reproductive disorders should therefore be advised.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Viremia and effect of fetal infection with porcine viruses with special reference to porcine circovirus 2 infection.

This publication reviews some pathogenetic features of the transplacental infection with porcine viruses in sows. Viremia either with virus freely circulating or associated to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is an essential part of such pathogenesis. Virus replication occurs either in fetal tissues only or both in fetal and maternal tissues and the outcome may be different. Since porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been associated with reproductive failure in sows, the question was asked what type of viremia PCV2 causes and what the effect of PCV2 is on the pregnant uterus. Seronegative gilts were oronasally inoculated and plasma and PBMC were monitored for infectious virus and for quantity of viral DNA copies. Infectious virus was found in plasma only at 21 days post-inoculation (DPI). Virus associated to PBMC was detected between 14 and 49 DPI. Viral DNA was found in plasma between 14 and 49 DPI and associated to PBMC between 7 and 63 DPI (end of experiment). Direct intra-fetal inoculation at 57, 75 and 92 days of gestation and collection of fetuses 21 days later showed that the virus replicates highly in fetal tissues, particularly in the heart. Fetal death occurred in the 57 days sows while virus and antibodies were observed in the 75- and 92-day inoculated sows. Inoculation at 57 and 75 days of gestation and collection of the piglets at the end of pregnancy showed that intrauterine spread had occurred to fetuses adjacent to the inoculated ones and that fetal death occurred also in the presence of antibodies. The pregnancy was not interrupted.This study shows that PCV2 causes viremia which is largely cell-associated and that virus replication in fetuses causes fetal death with mummification. Whether such transplacental infection occurs in the immune sow population is questionable.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1997

Identification of phenolic acids and inositols in balms and tissues from an Egyptian mummy.

A number of samples taken from an Egyptian mummy (ca. 100 B.C.) from the Guimet Museum in Lyon have been analyzed by GC-MS. Derivatives of aromatic acids (hydroxyhydrocinnamic, vanillic, protocatechuic and gallic acids) and inositols (non-methylated and mono-O-methyl) have been found among the constituents of extracts prepared by methanolysis and trimethylsilylation. From the reported electron impact mass spectra, ion sets where proposed for a sensitive and selective profiling of these selected compounds by mass fragmentometry. The source of gallic acid and inositol was found to be a vegetable tannin, an ingredient which was not previously known to be used for mummification in ancient Egypt. The nature and abundance ratios of the detected inositols also appeared to be a promising criterion to further investigate the botanical source of the tannin employed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Experimental porcine rubulavirus (La Piedad-Michoacan virus) infection in pregnant gilts.

Porcine rubulavirus (La Piedad-Michoacan virus) (PoRV-LPMV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family that causes encephalitis in young piglets and infertility in adult sows and boars. Infertility in sows naturally infected by PoRV-LPMV is characterized by an increased number of returns to oestrus, stillbirths and mummified fetuses. In this study, nine seronegative gilts were inoculated intranasally with the PAC-3 strain of PoRV-LPMV at week 6 or 10 of gestation. These animals were then killed at weeks 8 or 15 of gestation (seven gilts) or after natural parturition (two gilts). Four control gilts were mock-infected at gestation week 6 or 10 and killed between 2 and 4 weeks later. Gross lesions of focal congestion and haemorrhage were seen in the placenta and endometrium of one gilt infected at gestation week 6 and one infected at gestation week 10. PoRV-LPMV was isolated, at 2-6 weeks post-inoculation (pi), from lung, tonsils, ovary, placenta, uterus and lymph nodes of three of the gilts infected at gestation week 6 and at 2-3 weeks pi from lung, tonsil and ovary of two gilts infected at gestation week 10. Many of the fetuses of eight infected gilts were smaller than normal and had dermal ecchymoses. Dehydrated or mummified fetuses were present in six of the infected gilts but not in any control animal. PoRV-LPMV was isolated from brain, lung and liver of fetuses from two gilts infected at gestation week 6, and from two infected at gestation week 10. These results indicate that, after experimental infection, PoRV can replicate in tissues of seronegative pregnant gilts, cross the placenta, and cause fetal death and mummification.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Immunohistochemical localisation of neuropeptides and nitric oxide synthase in sural nerves from Egyptian mummies.

Paleopathology is a well established science with numerous papers and books on the subject but, in contrast, paleoneurobiology is almost non-existent. We examined sections of sural nerves obtained from seven embalmed Egyptian mummies and one naturally desiccated Peruvian mummy, immunohistochemically stained for several neurochemicals. Immunoreactivity for type I nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein gene-product 9.5, galanin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity was observed in the nervi nervorum. No immunoreactivity was seen using antibodies directed against substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or neuropeptide Y. NOS-immunoreactivity was also observed in biopsied samples of contemporaneous human sural nerves. Thus, using a standard immunohistochemical technique it was possible to detect neurochemicals in ancient sural nerves that had been preserved by mummification. Furthermore, the finding of NOS in the ancient nerves led to its detection in contemporaneous sural nerves.

Egypt↗
PubMed1999

The reproductive performance of sows after PRRS vaccination depends on stage of gestation.

In order to minimize the effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) on stillbirth, mummification, and neonatal mortality in swine herds, many producers have vaccinated their herds using a modified-live virus vaccine. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of the PRRS modified-live vaccine and reproductive performance by stage of gestation when the vaccine was administered. A total of 47 swine herds from Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, and from the mid-western USA were included in the study. Participating farms had vaccinated all of their sows at one point in time when they used the vaccine for the first time. The reproductive performance of sows that farrowed in the year prior to use of the vaccine was compared to that of sows vaccinated in each of five stages of gestation and in the gestation that followed the initial use of the vaccine. Sows vaccinated at any time during gestation had a reduced number of pigs born alive, a reduced number of pigs weaned per litter, and increased number of stillborn pigs and an increased number of mummified pigs compared to the sows that farrowed prior to use of the vaccine. The largest association was seen in sows that were vaccinated in the last four weeks of gestation. The largest losses were observed in those herds that were vaccinated concurrently with the initial PRRS herd outbreak. These results suggest that the modified-live vaccine should only be administered to non-gestating sows.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Fetal loss in the dog and cat.

Occurrence and type (resorption, abortion, stillbirth, mummification) of pregnancy loss in the dog and cat depend on the cause of the loss and the stage of gestation at which it occurs. General categories of known causes of embryonic or fetal death in the dog and cat include chromosome and developmental abnormalities of the fetus, infectious agents, maternal endocrine abnormalities, trauma, exogenous drugs, uterine torsion, and dystocia. Diagnosis of fetal loss and of cause of fetal loss relies on the history, physical examination, abdominal radiography and ultrasonography, serology, hormone assay, and on culture, pathology, and karyotype of fetal/placental tissue. Aggressive diagnostics at the time of fetal loss are essential to preventive strategies at subsequent pregnancies.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Congenital ocular defects in food-producing animals.

Congenital ocular defects in neonates pose a diagnostic challenge to veterinarians. Defects are usually obvious at birth, but detection depends on the nature and extent of the defect. In addition to congenital ocular defects, other abnormalities may be manifest including multiple system involvement with embryonic mortality, fetal death, mummification, abortion, dysmaturity, premature birth, full-term stillbirth, or nonviable or viable neonate. Many defective neonates are not reported or escape monitoring systems. Although congenital ocular defects are rare, they are important and should be diagnosed. All congenital defects should be regarded as genetic until proven otherwise. Many ocular defects are inherited as simple autosomal recessive traits. Polygenic inheritance appears to be of increasing importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of experimental infection with Listeria monocytogenes on the development of pregnancy and on concentrations of progesterone, oestrone sulphate and 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha in the goat.

The effect of Listeria monocytogenes infection on hormone levels in pregnant goats was studied. Four goats (Group I) received an intravenous inoculation of a bacterial culture (Type 1) on Days 69-77 and another four goats (Group II) received a similar inoculation on Days 105-106 of gestation. Five non-inoculated goats were used as controls. Plasma was analysed for progesterone, oestrone sulphate and 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha. The status of the foetus was followed using real-time ultrasonography. Three of the four goats in Group I aborted 8-10 days after inoculation. The fourth goat gave birth to a normal live kid at term. The three goats which aborted showed clinical signs of disease in connection with abortion. In Group II, all goats aborted after 9-11 days. All the goats showed clinical symptoms of disease from a few days after inoculation and the symptoms continued until abortion. The clinical symptoms of disease were more pronounced in Group II than in Group I. L. monocytogenes was isolated from all aborted foetuses. None of the control goats aborted. Ultrasound examination revealed foetal death either immediately before or up to 2 days before abortion. Mummification had begun in the foetus that had been dead for 2 days before expulsion. In comparison with pre-inoculation plasma levels in Group I, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in progesterone levels and an increase in 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha levels were observed from Days 4 and 6 after inoculation, respectively. In Group II, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in progesterone levels and an increase in 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha levels in plasma were observed from Days 8 and 6, respectively. The oestrone sulphate levels decreased slightly in the inoculated goats a few days before abortion. The pattern of changes in levels around abortion was similar to the pattern present in the control animals around parturition. However, oestrone sulphate levels did not increase in the inoculated groups before abortion in contrast to goats which delivered healthy kids. The changes in levels of 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha in goats that aborted indicated that the endocrine foetal-placental function was disturbed, which was most likely due to the establishment and development of L. monocytogenes in the placenta and foetus.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Investigation of the triacylglycerol composition of iceman's mummified tissue by high-temperature gas chromatography.

The pattern of intact triacylglycerols of a skin sample from the 5300-year-old Iceman mummy (nicknamed Otzi) was resolved on a diphenyl-dimethylpolysiloxane stationary phase by high-temperature gas chromatography. Adipocere from a 64-year-old glacier mummy as well as recent human subcutaneous fat served as a comparison in this study. Qualitatively, the results for mummy samples were similar with well-preserved saturated, but decomposed unsaturated, triacylglycerols, the latter being predominant in subcutaneous fat. Excellent preservation of triacylglycerols with odd carbon numbers and branched acyl chains was observed. The results presented here shed new light on the process of mummification.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

An Indian mummy: a case report.

A case of mummification occurring in northwest India (Chandigarh) is described. A middle-aged man developed an abscess on his back and was treated by a mystical man who did not allow him any food or water. After a few days the patient died. On the advice of the mystical man the body was kept in a room which was made hot and dry. The police discovered the body after 2 years. A postmortem examination was conducted and findings are reported.

Forensic Anthropology↗
PubMed2002

Larder beetles (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) as an accelerating factor for decomposition of a human corpse.

Larder beetles are known to feed directly upon decomposing carrion, with a preference for dried carrion. Under optimal environmental conditions (dry and warm), they can appear in large numbers. In our case, the mummified corpse of a human male was nearly skeletonized in less than 5 months in his apartment with windows closed and a room temperature between 25 degrees C (near the radiator) and 19.4 degrees C (near the body). There were very few empty fly pupae in the apartment, but a lot of adult hide beetles, their larvae and larval cast skins (exuviae) (Dermestes maculatus DEG.) belonging to the family of the larder beetles (Dermestidae). The beetles skeletonized the human corpse in such a short time because of ideal conditions for them in the apartment (dry and warm) making the body an optimal feeding ground because of his mummification.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Lethal child neglect.

The jurisdiction of the Hannover Institute of Legal Medicine recently experienced an unusually high incidence of lethal child neglect, with three cases in a 5-month period in 1999. Case 1: A girl received an inappropriate and inadequate diet of tea and oatmeal. The child was never breastfed, nor did it ever receive any other formula. The parents report the infant to have been healthy until she suddenly began projectile vomiting at the age of 13 weeks. For the next 3 days the infant was not able to maintain an adequate intake. The mother reports finding the child dead in its bed on the morning of the fourth day. Attempts by medical personnel to revive the child were unsuccessful. Case 2: A mother began spoon-feeding the infant puree on the fourth day of life, which according to the manufacturer's specifications is suitable for children between 4 and 8 months of age. At the age of 5 weeks, the infant was reported to have vomited half the just previously ingested meal, after which she took a nap. Some time later the parents observed the infant to be quite pale, however, assumed this was a result of sleep. When the mother finally did pick her up, the child was lifeless, and the parents brought her to the hospital. Medical personnel could however, only declare the infant dead, documenting a rectal temperature of 30 degrees C. Case 3: A 3.5-year-old girl died after her mother left the locked apartment and did not return for several weeks. The body of the child was found lying dressed on the floor in a state of advanced decay and mummification. Common findings in all three cases include lack of prenatal care, home birth without the help of a midwife, low socioeconomic status or maternal alcohol abuse, body weights below the 3rd percentile, extreme dehydration, fatty hepatic degeneration, thymic atrophy and signs of aspiration.

Alcoholism↗