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PubMedDate not supplied

Extracellular enzymatic activity of Microsporum canis isolates.

The enzymatic activity of 70 feline and canine Microsporum canis isolates was determined by the Api-Zym test. The liquid phase of cultures, inoculated into Tryptic Soy Broth, was used to examine 19 enzymes. Considerable differences were observed among the extracellular enzymatic patterns. All the isolates produced alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucosidase, while lipase (C14), trypsin, chymotrypsin, beta-glucuronidase, and alpha-fucosidase activity was never revealed. Esterase (C4) activity was present in 57 samples (81%), esterase lipase (C8) in 31 (44%), leucine arylamidase in 35 (50%), valine arylamidase and cystine arylamidase in 7 (10%), acid phosphatase in 64 (91%), naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase in 60 (86%), alpha-galactosidase in 5 (7%), beta-galactosidase in 6 (8%), alpha-glucosidase in 25 (36%), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in 41 (58%), and alpha-mannosidase in 51 (73%). The beta-galactosidase activity of M. canis has not been reported previously. Remarkable variations of intensity for each enzymatic activity were also detected. It is believed that these results could provide basic data for further investigations on the pathogenic role of enzymes secreted by M. canis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Phylogenetic relationships of some Microsporum and Arthroderma species inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis.

Thirty-eight strains of 12 Microsporum and 10 Arthroderma (Nannizzia) species were investigated by analysis of mitochondrial DNA with 6 restriction enzymes, and classified into 13 genetic groups. The phylogenetic tree of the 13 groups thus established was constructed. On the tree, M. audouinii, M. langeronii, M. rivalieri, M. distortum, M. equinum, M. ferrugineum and A. otae comprise one genetic group and are suggested to be the same species. A. gypseum, A. fulvum, M. duboisii, M. ripariae, A. incurvatum, A. persicolor and A. obtusum are clustered on one of five boughs of the tree indicating their close relation. A. racemosum and A. cajetani are also closely related.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1978

Lipid composition of Microsporum gypseum.

The lipid composition of Microsporum gypseum has been studied. The lipids amounted to 10.1% and phospholipids to 1.1% of the mycelial dry weight. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were the major components, while lysophosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl inositol were present in smaller quantities. Neutral lipids consisted of monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, free and esterified cholesterol.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1985

Lipids of dermatophytes II. Effect of growth condition on the lipid composition and membrane transport of Microsporum gypseum.

Supplementation of glucose-containing medium with ethanol and replacement of glucose by glycerol in the Sabouraud's growth medium of Microsporum gypseum altered the levels of total phospholipids as well as their apolar and polar head groups. The levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) increased under these growth conditions; also, the ratio of unsaturated/saturated phospholipid fatty acids decreased on ethanol supplementation but increased in the presence of glycerol. Steady state accumulation of labelled amino acids (glycine, lysine and aspartic acid) was affected under these conditions.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMed1987

Effect of choline, ethanolamine and serine supplementation on the membrane properties of Microsporum gypseum.

Phospholipid bases, choline and ethanolamine, when supplemented in the growth medium of Microsporum gypseum resulted in an increase in the corresponding phospholipid and total phospholipid content. However, when serine was supplemented, marginal changes were observed. The fatty acid profile of phospholipids remained almost unchanged. The uptake of lysine, leucine and aspartic acid in the spheroplasts of choline- and ethanolamine-grown cells was higher as compared to the control. 1-Anilinonaphathalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) binding to the spheroplast membrane, as calculated from Scatchard plots, demonstrated an increase in the number of binding sites in choline- and ethanolamine-grown cells, while a decrease was observed in the serine-supplemented cells. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of phospholipid polar head group composition on the membrane structure and function of this fungus.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Utilization of L- and DL-cystine by the fungus Microsporum gypseum.

Growth of the fungus Microsporum gypseum and utilization of cystine during this growth was studied in a glucose-arginine medium containing either sodium sulphate, and L-cystine or DL-cystine. Replacement of sulphate with L-cystine brought about no significant changes in the growth of the microorganism. Utilization of L-cystine as a source of carbon and nitrogen was rapid and complete and excess sulphur was excreted into the medium in the form of sulphate. Similarly excreted were also minute amounts of sulphite which immediately reacted with the remaining cystine to form S. sulphocysteine. Growth of M. gypseum in a medium with DL-cystine was slow. Although this substance was not utilized as readily as L-cystine, its utilization was still complete and excess sulphur was similarly excreted in the form of sulphate and sulphite. The initial step in the utilization of the D-isomer is probably its extracellular deamination.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1975

Formation of sulphate, sulphite and S-sulphocysteine by the fungus Microsporum gypseum during growth on cystine.

The dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum was cultivated in media containing 0.5% cystine in suspension, and 0.05% peptone or 1% glucose and 0.05% peptone. During growth on cystine the excess sulphur was oxidized and excreted into the medium not only in the form of sulphate but also in the form of sulphite. Sulphite was produced especially during first phases of growth, where its quantity was higher than that of sulphate and its maximum concentration exceeded 1 mg/ml. S-sulphocysteine, detected chromatographically and determined quantitatively, originated in large quantities by the reaction of sulphite with cystine in the medium. Both sulphite and S-sulphocysteine were further oxidized to sulphate. After exhaustion of cystine 90-93% of the sulphur present was converted to sulphate in the cultivation medium.

Cysteine↗
PubMed1977

Distribution of nuclei in macroconidia of Microsporum gypseum.

The distribution of nuclei in macroconidia was investigated in 20 strains of the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum by fluorescence microscopy. The macroconidia were characterized by the right-left and the central-marginal symmetry indices. In 18 strains the significant majority of the nuclei were situated in the basal part of the macroconidium, the remaining 2 strains showed a more or less uniform distribution of nuclei. All strains had higher numbers of nuclei in the central part of the macroconidium as compared with the periphery.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1981

Inorganic sulphur sources for the growth of the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum.

Suitability of 10 inorganic compounds at a concentration of 1 mM as sulphur sources for the growth of the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum was investigated. Dry mass of the mycelium after a 11-d growth served as indicator. Sodium sulphate, sulphite and also disulphite, peroxodisulphate and dithionite were the best sources. Growth in the presence of sodium thiosulphate and tetrathionate was slightly worse. Sulphide inhibited the growth, which began only after a longer adaptation. Sodium thiocyanate and amidosulphate were not utilizable as sulphur sources.

Microsporum↗
PubMed1981

Organic sulphur sources for the growth of the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum.

The suitability of 30 organic compounds (of them 19 sulphur-containing amino acids) at a concentration of 1 mM as sulphur sources for the growth of the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum was investigated. The dry mass of the mycelium after an 11-d growth served as a measure of utilizability. Of sulphur amino acid cystine, cysteine, reduced and oxidized glutathione, cysteic and cysteinesulphinic acids, S-sulphocysteine, lanthionine, taurine and serine sulphate were the best sources. Methionine and methionine-sulphone were utilized slightly less effectively. Other compounds were medium to poor sources and only S-carboxymethylcysteine was not utilized at all. All organic compounds that are not of amino acid type were poor sulphate sources or were utilized at all. Sodium dodecyl sulphate inhibited germination and growth completely.

Amino Acids, Sulfur↗
PubMed2005

In vitro susceptibility testing of Microsporum gypseum isolated from healthy cattle and soil samples against itraconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole and topical veterinarian drugs.

The present study evaluated in vitro susceptibility testing of dermatophytes isolates from healthy cattle and soil samples against three antifungal agents and three topical veterinarian drugs. Itraconazole and terbinafine showed a higher in vitro fungicidal activity than fluconazole. The veterinarian drugs LEPECID and iodine 5% were more active in vitro than the UNGUENTO spray. All drugs showed fungicidal activity against Microsporum gypseum, and they may be considered as efficient agents for the topical treatment of dermatophytoses in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

First case of Microsporum ferrugineum from Iran.

This is a first case of Microsporum ferrugineum from Iranian patient. A 42 year old man was examined for tinea faciei infection. Direct KOH preparations from skin scraping revealed hyaline septate branching mycelium. Cultures of skin scrapings yielded M. ferrugineum after three weeks. Isolate was identified based on colony morphology on Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium (S), microscopic morphology of slide culture, and biochemical reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of fungicidal efficacy of benzalkonium chloride (Steramina G u.v.) and Virkon-S against Microsporum canis for environmental disinfection.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Steramina G u.v. (10% solution of alkyldimetylbenzylammonium chloride; Formenti Grünenthal) and Virkon-S (multipurpose system; Antec International) against Microsporum canis-infected hairs and spores. Samples were collected from a random sample of household cats and from subjects from catteries. Seventy M. canis-positive hairbrushes containing furs, keratin scales and other organic material were treated with each of the two disinfectants, using concentrations recommended by the manufacturer's instructions (2% and 1% for Steramina G u.v. and Virkon-S, respectively). Each brush remained in contact with the antifungal solution for 10 min. After this period, the brushes were air-dried, then seeded into mycobiotic agar, and incubated for up to 21 days at 28 degrees C. The disinfectants were considered effective if dermatophytes failed to grow. Steramina G u.v. was effective in 97.14% of samples and Virkon-S in 87.14%. The antifungal activity of Steramina G u.v. against M. canis was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of Virkon-S.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Generalized microsporum audoninii infection and depressed cellular immunity associated with a missing plasma factor required for lymphocyte blastogenesis.

Described herein is a 15 year old girl with a generalized, possibly systemic Microsporum audouinni infectin associated with anergy and defective lymphocyte transformation as a consequence of a deficiency of an uncharacterized plasma factor. Intravenous administration of plasma, obtained from normal donors, has produced consistent although incomplete clinical improvement. Defective lymphocyte transformation to M. audiouinii antigen cultured in autologous plasma became normal after infusions of normal plasma were instituted. Systemic administrations of griseofulvin, clotrimazole and miconazole produced transient and incomplete clinical improvement. Clearing of the cutaneous infection and stabillization of the neurologic status was finally achieved with plasma infusions combined with parenterally administered amphotericin B.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on lipid synthesis in Microsporum gypseum.

The influence of intracellular levels of cAMP on the lipid synthesis of Microsporum gypseum has been examined by exogenous supplementation of dibutyryl cAMP and its activators/inhibitors. Incorporation of [14C]acetate into various lipid fractions of M. gypseum was markedly enhanced in the presence of dibutyryl cAMP and its modulators, probably as a consequence of increased intracellular cAMP levels, which, in turn, affected the lipid biosynthesis. Increased activities of phosphatidic acid phosphatase, glycerol kinase, ethanolamine kinase and choline kinase in the presence of these additives supports the enhanced synthesis of phospholipids and suggests that lipid biosynthesis is being controlled by cAMP in M. gypseum.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1991

Influence of aminophylline on the lipids in Microsporum gypseum.

The effect of aminophylline on the lipid synthesis of Microsporum gypseum has been examined. A decreased incorporation of [14C]acetate into lipids was observed when the cells were incubated for 1 h with aminophylline which was reflected in all the individual lipid fractions. However, cells grown with aminophylline in the growth medium exhibited increased levels of total phospholipids, which was probably due to a rise in intracellular cAMP as these cells exhibited 4-fold increased levels of cAMP. Decreased activity of phosphodiesterase by aminophylline accounts for the increased cAMP levels. Increased phospholipid content in aminophylline grown cells was further supported by the increased incorporation of [14C]acetate into phospholipids as well as increased activities of phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes in comparison to non-supplemented cells.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1992

Correlation between intracellular cAMP levels and phospholipids of Microsporum gypseum.

Atropine, a modulator of cAMP has been used to examine the relationship between phospholipids and intracellular levels of cAMP in Microsporum gypseum. A decreased phospholipid content was observed in atropine grown cells as a result of reduced levels of intracellular cAMP. This decline was caused by the inhibitory effect of atropine on adenylate cyclase. Lowered phospholipid content was supported by decreased [14C]acetate incorporation as well as reduced activities of key enzymes of phospholipid biosynthesis. In vitro supplementation of atropine in control cells also caused inhibition in lipid synthesis indicating similar effects of atropine and its metabolites. These results in conjunction with our previous report, in which enhanced levels of cAMP resulted in increased phospholipid synthesis, suggest a direct correlation between phospholipid biosynthesis and intracellular levels of cAMP in M. gypseum.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗