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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Preoperative needle localization in the breast: utility of local anesthesia.

Eighty-nine consecutive patients undergoing needle localization at two facilities were alternately assigned to "local-anesthesia" (n = 46) and "no-local-anesthesia" (n = 43) groups. Those in the local-anesthesia group received 1-2 mL lidocaine hydrochloride 1% subcutaneously at the expected site of insertion of the localizing needle. All patients were asked to rate the level of pain they experienced from the procedure as a whole by using a 10-cm horizontal visual analog pain scale. Data about patient age, menopausal and menstrual status, average daily caffeine intake, and whether the patients considered mammography to be a painful procedure were collected. Patients who did not receive local anesthesia had a lower mean pain score (2.52) than those who did (3.27, P = .18). Premenopausal patients in the second half of their menstrual cycle at the time of the procedure had a significantly higher pain score than those in the first half (3.54 vs. 1.70, P = .05). Patients who considered mammography a painful procedure reported a higher level of pain than those who did not (3.79 vs 2.38, P = .012). There was no relationship between age, caffeine intake, or menopausal status and pain experienced.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Weekly paclitaxel combined with local hyperthermia in the therapy of breast cancer locally recurrent after mastectomy--a pilot experience.

BACKGROUND: The combination of chemotherapy and hyperthermia (HT) is a promising approach in the treatment of malignant tumors. In the present report we evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of weekly paclitaxel combined with local hyperthermia in breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 7 patients were treated for inoperable local recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy, irradiation, and chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. They weekly received paclitaxel (60-80 mg/m(2)) in 3-h infusions followed by local HT 41-44 degrees C for 45 min for 6-18 cycles. RESULTS: Objective local response was observed in all treated patients (complete response in 4 patients and partial response in 3 patients). There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities, neurologic toxicity or hypersensitivity reactions. Local tolerance to this regimen was also good, with only 4 patients developing mild transient erythema. CONCLUSION: Our experience indicates that the combination of weekly paclitaxel and HT may be effective in the treatment of locally recurrent breast cancer after mastectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Local therapy of locally advanced breast cancer.

Patients with locally advanced breast cancer (equating with stage III in the American Joint Committee TNM system) are at high risk for local and distant recurrence. Primary surgery alone leads to an unacceptably high rate of local recurrence. Radiotherapy of more than 60 Gy with boosts to large tumor masses can achieve excellent rates of local control, but leads to unacceptable side effects in about 20% of patients. Chemotherapy produces responses in 60% to 90% of patients; chemotherapy followed by mastectomy or radiotherapy produces equivalent survival and local recurrence rates. A good response to primary chemotherapy may allow for limited surgery followed by radiotherapy and excellent local control rates in many patients. Patients with extensive inflammatory breast cancer are probably best managed with initial systemic therapy and radiotherapy, since the role of surgery in this patient group has not been clearly defined.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Induction chemotherapy followed by radical local therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Many patients who receive a diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have locally advanced disease at initial presentation. Historically, these patients were treated with primary thoracic radiation therapy and had poor long-term survival rates, secondary to both progression of local disease and development of distant metastases. With the goal of improving clinical outcomes, multiple concepts of combined-modality therapy for locally advanced NSCLC have been investigated. The rationale for using chemotherapy in the induction regimen is to eliminate subclinical metastatic disease while improving local control. The optimal treatment of locally advanced NSCLC continues to evolve, but combined-modality therapy has led to improved survival rates compared to treatment with radiation alone and has become the new standard of care. This report reviews the major trials that have investigated various combinations of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Effects of local interactions and local migration on stability.

Mathematical models can help to resolve the longstanding question of whether more diverse communities are more stable. Here, I focus on how local dispersal and local interactions--hallmarks of spatial communities--affect stability in a spatially implicit model with demographic stochasticity. The results are based on a novel way to analyze moment equations. The main conclusion is that the type and strength of density-dependent factors, such as fecundity and competition, determine whether local dispersal and local interactions increase or decrease stability. Local dispersal has a stabilizing effect when fecundity is high, interspecific competition is either low or high, and the number of species is small. Effects of local migration on stability are amplified when space is explicit.

Animal Migration↗
PubMed1993

The matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus localizes to the nucleus via a bipartite nuclear localization signal.

The Newcastle disease virus matrix (M) protein expressed from a cDNA clone is observed in the nucleus of transfected cells, displaying a localization pattern identical to that observed in virus-infected cells. To identify the nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the M protein, M gene mutants encoding deletion and amino acid substitution proteins were constructed and expressed transiently in COS-1 cells. Protein products were examined for intracellular localization using indirect immunofluorescence. Two basic amino acid clusters in the M protein were found to be required for nuclear localization since deletion of these basic clusters or substitution with random amino acids resulted in cytoplasmic localization. Substitution of pairs of basic amino acids with non-basic residues revealed that components from both basic regions are required for nuclear localization. This interdependence between two basic clusters suggests that the NLS in the M protein belongs to the newly described class of "bipartite" NLSs. Unlike most NLSs, M protein sequences containing the critical basic amino acid clusters fused to two different cytoplasmic reporter proteins failed to transport these proteins to the nucleus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Local thermal sensation and finger vasoconstriction in the locally heated hand.

The effects of local heating on finger blood flow (BF) and local thermal sensation (Sensw) were studied. Finger BFs in both hands were measured simultaneously; one hand was immersed in water the temperature (Tw) of which was raised from 35 degrees C to 43 degrees C by steps of 2 degrees C every 10 min, while the other hand was kept at Tw 35 degrees C. Finger BF in the locally heated hand decreased at Tw 37 to 41 degrees C, while finger BF in the control hand did not alter. Sensw in the heated hand showed a dynamic response, initially increasing concomitantly with an increase in Tw, then gradually returning and adapting to a new level of Sensw. The dynamic response of Sensw was not perceived during mental calculation even when Tw was raised to 40 degrees C, and the reduction in finger blood flow was not observed. These results suggest that finger vasoconstriction caused by local heating closely relates to the dynamic response characteristic of local thermal sensation at Tw above core temperature, and that the perception of local thermal sensation in the central nervous system is involved in the mechanism of this vasoconstrictor response.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Local recurrence of breast cancer. Isolated local recurrence located at the skin of the latissimus dorsi donor flap after breast reconstruction].

The reasons for local recurrence of breast cancer are currently unknown. Inadequate resection (not RO), undetected multifocal tumors, or absence of postoperative radiation are discussed. Secondary multifocal tumors as well as ipsilateral secondary tumors have been described as potential origins. Partial local recurrences can be considered a sign for general metastasis with an isolated local "reproduction" of the initial tumor. In our patient the observation of isolated local recurrences of the initial breast cancer, located at the skin of the latissimus dorsi donor flap, may be helpful in clarifying the ongoing controversial discussion. Our case study shows that the local recurrence occurred exactly at the initial location of the primary tumor independent of the local epidermal situation. We assume that activated vertical connections exist between the fascial lymphatic system and the dermal lymphatic plexus that "directed" the way to the body wall.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Local increases in intracellular calcium elicit local filopodial responses in Helisoma neuronal growth cones.

Highly localized changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) can be evoked in neuronal growth cones; these are followed by local changes in filopodia. Focally applied electric fields evoked spatially restricted, high magnitude increases in growth cone [Ca2+]i. The earliest and greatest increases were localized to small regions within a growth cone. Such fields also produced characteristic changes in the disposition of filopodia: both filopodial length and number were significantly increased on the cathode side of growth cones. The requirement for extracellular Ca2+ and the strong correlation between the evoked rise in [Ca2+]i and the changes in filopodia (r = 0.98) indicate that cathode stimulation results in local Ca2+ influx, leading to locally increased [Ca2+]i and local changes in filopodial behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Correlation between local glucose transporter densities and local 3-O-methylglucose transport in rat brain.

The present study addresses the question whether local glucose transport kinetics are correlated with local glucose transporter densities in the brain. In 47 brain structures the local rate constants for 3-O-[(14)C]methylglucose (3-O-MG) transport, K(1) and k(2,) were quantified, and local glucose Glut1 and Glut3 transporter densities were determined by immuno-autoradiographic methods. Statistically significant correlations were found between the rate constants for glucose transport and the transporter densities. The correlations were tighter for Glut1 than for Glut3. Inasmuch as 3-O-MG is transported by the same transporter as glucose, these results indicate that the local densities of glucose transporters determine local glucose transport rates in the brain.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1997

A blinded trial of local recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor versus either local or systemic heparin in a vein bypass model.

PURPOSE: Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), an endogenous protease, is a potent inhibitor of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. To determine whether TFPI could be used as an alternative to systemic heparin and dextran in vein bypass grafting procedures, we compared the efficacy of these agents in a blinded trial using a pig model of lower extremity vein bypass grafting. METHODS: Yorkshire pigs (60 to 75 kg) were divided into four groups of five each: systemic heparin (5 ml 10(3) U heparin, 50 ml intravenous dextran, and 10 U heparin/ml flush), local heparin (5 ml saline solution, 50 ml intravenous dextran, and 10 U heparin/ml flush), recombinant TFPI (rTFPI) (5 ml saline solution, 50 ml intravenous saline, and rTFPI 90 micrograms/ml flush), and control (5 ml and 50 ml intravenous saline and intravenous phosphate-buffered saline solution flush). The pigs were anesthetized and the lesser saphenous vein was harvested and reversed to construct a bypass from the common femoral artery to the saphenous artery at the hock. Each pig received two intravenous infusions before cross-clamping, and the artery and vein were flushed locally according to the protocol for each treatment group. Coagulation parameters were drawn 30 minutes after cross-clamping. The surgical team was blinded as to the pigs' treatment group throughout the protocol. RESULTS: The time from initial infusion until bypass completion averaged 80 minutes. Conduit patency rates at 7 days were as follows: four of five in the rTFPI group, three of five in the systemic heparin group, one of five in the local heparin group, and zero of five in the control group. The activated partial thromboplastin time was elevated (50.1 +/- 13.8 seconds) with systemic heparin but not in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Local administration of TFPI prevents thrombosis as effectively as systemic heparin and dextran and is superior to local heparin flush plus dextran (p = 0.02). Thus local TFPI offers an excellent alternative to systemic heparin plus dextran and avoids the risks of systemic anticoagulation.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Electronic signatures of large amplitude motions: dipole moments of vibrationally excited local-bend and local-stretch states of S0 acetylene.

A one-dimensional local bend model is used to describe the variation of electronic properties of acetylene in vibrational levels that embody large amplitude local motions on the S0 potential energy surface. Calculations performed at the CCSD(T) and MR-AQCC levels of theory predict an approximately linear dependence of the dipole moment on the number of quanta in either the local bending or local stretching excitation. In the local mode limit, one quantum of stretching excitation in one CH bond leads to an increase of 0.025 D in the dipole moment, and one quantum of bending vibration in the CCH angle leads to an increase of 0.068 D. The use of a one-dimensional model for the local bend is justified by comparison to the well-established polyad model which reveals a decoupling of the large amplitude bending from other degrees of freedom in the range of Nbend = 14-22. We find that the same one-dimensional large amplitude bending motion emerges from two profoundly different representations, a one-dimensional cut through an ab initio, seven-dimensional Hamiltonian and the three-dimensional (l = 0) pure-bending experimentally parametrized spectroscopic Hamiltonian.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Electron pair localization function: a practical tool to visualize electron localization in molecules from quantum Monte Carlo data.

In this work we introduce an electron localization function describing the pairing of electrons in a molecular system. This function, called "electron pair localization function," is constructed to be particularly simple to evaluate within a quantum Monte Carlo framework. Two major advantages of this function are the following: (i) the simplicity and generality of its definition; and (ii) the possibility of calculating it with quantum Monte Carlo at various levels of accuracy (Hartree-Fock, multiconfigurational wave functions, valence bond, density functional theory, variational Monte Carlo with explicitly correlated trial wave functions, fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo, etc). A number of applications of the electron pair localization function to simple atomic and molecular systems are presented and systematic comparisons with the more standard electron localization function of Becke and Edgecombe are done. Results illustrate that the electron pair localization function is a simple and practical tool for visualizing electronic localization in molecular systems.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Identification of a novel domain in two mammalian inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatases that mediates membrane ruffle localization. The inositol 5-phosphatase skip localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and translocates to membrane ruffles following epidermal growth factor stimulation.

SKIP (skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol phosphatase) is a recently identified phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate- and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-specific 5-phosphatase. In this study, we investigated the intracellular localization of SKIP. Indirect immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation showed that, in serum-starved cells, both endogenous and recombinant SKIP colocalized with markers of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Following epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, SKIP transiently translocated to plasma membrane ruffles and colocalized with submembranous actin. Data base searching demonstrated a novel 128-amino acid domain in the C terminus of SKIP, designated SKICH for SKIP carboxyl homology, which is also found in the 107-kDa 5-phosphatase PIPP and in members of the TRAF6-binding protein family. Recombinant SKIP lacking the SKICH domain localized to the ER, but did not translocate to membrane ruffles following EGF stimulation. The SKIP SKICH domain showed perinuclear localization and mediated EGF-stimulated plasma membrane ruffle localization. The SKICH domain of the 5-phosphatase PIPP also mediated plasma membrane ruffle localization. Mutational analysis identified the core sequence within the SKICH domain that mediated constitutive membrane association and C-terminal sequences unique to SKIP that contributed to ER localization. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a novel membrane-targeting domain that serves to recruit SKIP and PIPP to membrane ruffles.

Amino Acid Sequence↗