The Los Angeles X-Ray Survey Film and Record Library, its past development, present activities and future possibilities.
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Humans↗
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Results for “Library Surveys”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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[Development of a bio-library in the cohort survey: E3N-EPIC].
Since data from biological material banks are now considered as complementary to epidemiological data, most cohort studies have now integrated them. However, their constitution raises numerous logistical problems. The present paper describes the experience of investigators of an on-going prospective study in France: the E3N study. It reviews several constraints that this team had to face, E3N being a study with no individual benefit for the volunteers.
Adult↗
Personal views on personnel administrator: some after-dinner remarks.
SEVERAL PRACTICAL POINTS IN PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ARE DISCUSSED: not to tie staff to the institution, not to meddle with their outside affairs or to become too socially intimate, to be sensitive to unexpressed reactions of the staff, to avoid secrets. The use of statistics and library use survey is discussed. Continuity and innovation in the library are both equally important, and delegation of authority stressed. The administrator should provide an environment where the staff can work towards the goals of the institution.
Interpersonal Relations↗
The toy library. 2. Two questionnaire surveys.
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Adolescent↗
Growth patterns in the National Library of Medicine's serials collection and in Index Medicus journals, 1966-1985.
Data from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) automated Master Serials System and its MEDLINE database were used to chart the growth of NLM's serials collection and of the journals indexed in Index Medicus from 1966 to 1985. The number of live serial titles in the subset of NLM's collection examined increased 30% in the twenty years. The average number of articles per Index Medicus journal increased 56%. The average number of articles in U.S. Index Medicus journals grew more rapidly than the average number in journals published elsewhere. The NLM data provide clear evidence that the years from 1966 to 1985 saw a substantial increase in the percentage of the biomedical serial literature published in English. The period from 1966 to 1985 saw substantial but uneven growth in the number of serial titles in the NLM collection and in the average number of articles in Index Medicus journals. Although data on the number of articles published in Index Medicus journals is unlikely to reflect the number of articles in other journals, the pattern of growth in the number of serials held by NLM probably reflects trends in the universe of all biomedical serials.
Abstracting and Indexing↗
A survey of patient access to hospital and medical school libraries.
The American Medical Association (AMA) Library and Information Management Division conducted a survey of 481 randomly selected hospital and medical center libraries. Data were obtained from 307 libraries (63.8%). The tabulated results showed that 58.1% of responding libraries allow patient access without restrictions. Another 19.9% allow patient access with restrictions, such as physician approval (13.4%) or various other limitations (6.5%). Many of the surveyed librarians (67%) said their institutions have separate nontechnical libraries for patients. Medical library access was strongly or somewhat supported by 89.6% of the respondents; 6.1% were somewhat opposed, and 4.3% were strongly opposed to patient access. Approximately 10% of the libraries surveyed provided no patient education forum. The AMA trustees used the results of the survey in deciding whether to encourage hospitals and medical schools to make their libraries accessible for use by patients and their families.
Libraries, Hospital↗
Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues.
BACKGROUND: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is usually based on trials where patients are randomized individually into two different, parallel, treatment groups. This paper concentrates on RCTs of a different design-two-period, two-treatment cross-over trials. METHODS: The characteristics of these trials are outlined, with detailed examples of methods for analysis for both continuous and binary data. These case studies are then extended into the context of a meta-analysis. The Cochrane Library was surveyed to assess current practice for synthesis. RESULTS: Methods are described for continuous and binary data for use both when the necessary paired data are given and also when they need to be calculated or imputed, and some suggestions are provided to help people wishing to synthesize data from cross-over trials into meta-analyses. The survey suggested that about 8% of the trials in the Cochrane library were cross-over trials and 18% of the reviews referred to such trials, although there was no consistent approach to their inclusion into the reviews. CONCLUSIONS: Methods do exist for including valuable information from two-period, two-treatment cross-over trials into quantitative reviews. However, poor reporting of cross-over trials will often impede attempts to perform a meta-analysis using the available methods.
Cross-Over Studies↗
MLA Certification by examination under the 1964 code: a survey of 1975-1976 participants.
The increased attention being given to an examination in the Medical Library Association certification process prompted a study of a group taking the examination under the old (1964 revision) code. Completed questionnaires were received from fifty-three of the sixty-five persons who took the examination in 1975 and 1976. Backgrounds of individuals varied, especially in years of experience. The majority of those responding had worked in both health sciences and other libraries. Experience in health sciences libraries was reported by 92% of those replying. A number of reasons for seeking MLA certification were given. Problems in being able to take MLA-approved courses prompted the choice of the examination process. Preparation for the examination was chiefly by self-directed study. Continuing education courses were considered as of greater value for professional development than as help on the examination. The examination was rated "moderately difficult" by 57% of those responding. Opinions were expressed on the skills and areas of expertise which were considered by this group to be important in an examination for professional competence.
Certification↗
Print versus electronic journals: a preliminary investigation into the effect of journal format on research processes.
PURPOSE: To begin investigating the impact of electronic journals on research processes such as information seeking, the authors conducted a pilot journal-use study to test the hypothesis that patrons use print and electronic journals differently. METHODOLOGY: We placed fifteen high-use print titles also available in electronic format behind the circulation desk; patrons were asked to complete a survey upon requesting a journal. We also conducted a parallel survey of patrons using library computers. Both surveys asked patrons to identify themselves by user category and queried them about their journal use. RESULTS: During the month-long study, patrons completed sixty-nine surveys of electronic and ninety surveys of print journal use. Results analysis indicated that fellows, students, and residents preferred electronic journals, and faculty preferred print journals. Patrons used print journals for reading articles and scanning contents; they employed electronic journals for printing articles and checking references. Users considered electronic journals easier to access and search than print journals; however, they reported that print journals had higher quality text and figures. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: This study is an introductory step in examining how electronic journals affect research processes. Our data revealed that there were distinct preferences in format among categories. In addition to collection management implications for libraries, these data also have implications for publishers and educators; current electronic formats do not facilitate all types of uses and thus may be changing learning patterns as well.
Consumer Behavior↗
MEDICAL LIBRARIES IN BRITAIN; A BRIEF SURVEY.
Monastic institutions, medical corporations and societies, teaching institutions, and research organizations have all played a part in the development of library facilities in Britain. Brief histories of the principal contributors to this development are given. Until recent times private institutions took a greater share than the State in providing and conserving medical literature, and, although the country is now in a very fortunate position, being well stocked with a wide variety of such material, a significant proportion of it is the property of these private institutions and not all of it is freely available. There is still the need for a national library of medicine and for better coordination of existing material. Libraries in hospitals and nurse-training schools are not always adequate. Medical librarians are well organized and in good standing.
History↗
Usability evaluation of an NHS library website.
OBJECTIVES: To carry out a usability evaluation of the recently launched South London and Maudsley NHS Trust library website. METHODS: A variety of standard methodologies were employed: content and design evaluation of selected comparable sites, focus groups, a questionnaire survey of library and Web development staff, heuristic evaluation, observation testing, card sorting/cluster analysis, and label intuitiveness/category membership testing. All test participants were staff of or providers of services to the trust. Demographic information was recorded for each participant. RESULTS: Test participants' overall responses to the site were enthusiastic and favourable, indicating the scope and content of the site to be broadly appropriate to the user group. Testers made numerous suggestions for new content. Usability problems were discovered in two main areas: in the organization of the site, and in the terminology used to refer to information services and sources. Based on test results, proposals for a revised menu structure, improved accessibility, and changes to the terminology used within the site are presented. CONCLUSION: Usability evaluation methods, appropriately scaled, can be advantageously applied to NHS library websites by an individual Web editor working alone.
Consumer Behavior↗
Providing health information to the general public: a survey of current practices in academic health sciences libraries.
A questionnaire was mailed to 148 publicly and privately supported academic health sciences libraries affiliated with Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC-accredited medical schools in the United States and Canada to determine level of access and services provided to the general public. For purposes of this study, "general public" was defined as nonaffiliated students or health care professionals, attorneys and other nonhealth-related professionals, patients from affiliated or other hospitals or clinics, and general consumers. One hundred five (71%) libraries responded. Results showed 98% of publicly supported libraries and 88% of privately supported libraries provided access to some or all of the general public. Publicly supported libraries saw greater numbers of public patrons, often provided more services, and were more likely to circulate materials from their collections than were privately supported libraries. A significant number of academic health sciences libraries housed a collection of consumer-oriented materials and many provided some level of document delivery service, usually for a fee. Most allowed the public to use some or all library computers. Results of this study indicated that academic health sciences libraries played a significant role in serving the information-seeking public and suggested a need to develop written policies or guidelines covering the services that will be provided to minimize the impact of this service on primary clientele.
Community Participation↗
Health library partnership programmes between resource-poor countries and Western Europe.
A survey of health library partnerships between the UK and northern European countries and African or eastern European countries was undertaken to complement a similar survey of 24 North American health libraries. Out of 11 partnerships described, six provided sufficient data to be included in a quantitative analysis. These results give some baseline data about such partnerships and their activities, reasons for success and problems encountered. Some libraries have little involvement other than sending duplicate books and journals; others are more deeply involved in all aspects of library activity including professional development. Good communications, both human and technological, are important for maintaining partnership momentum. Staff commitment on both sides and institutional support for the partnership are essential, especially when programmes have costs which must be met either by the institution or outside funders. The financial consequences of partnership may inhibit their initiation, but successful partnerships with demand driven programmes bring benefits to both sides.
Africa↗
[Violence in the university environment: the case of the National University of Colombia].
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and practices in the roles of witness and possible actor in riots, among the student community of the National University of Colombia in Bogotá. METHODS: A survey was applied to 500 undergraduate students in places within the university campus (cafeterias, study rooms, meeting places libraries). The survey comprised 18 variables which were grouped according to type and degree of violence. The information obtained was included in an access 200 database and analyzed with the SPSS 8.0 software for Windows. RESULTS: From 496 useful surveys, 271 students (54.5%) were identified as non-aggressors, 163 (32.8) as type 1 aggressor and 63 (12.7%) as type 2 aggressors. Significant relationships were found between the types of violence and the male sex, marital status, academic average, number of intimate couples but not with age nor with studying a given career. CONCLUSIONS: Violent means of expression had little or no acceptance at all by the majority of students surveyed, who prefer their opinions to be expressed through the student representatives or in working groups. However, persons participating in riots state that the available means or alternatives of expression are not enough, justifying their violent acts in certain situations. The aggressors tend to be males and believe that violent actions are more acceptable.
Adolescent↗
Sources of information on medical geography.
Adequate research in the peripheral field of medical geography requires familiarity with the literature of medicine, geography, and other environmentally oriented fields. The pertinent literature of the two primary disciplines, as well as that of anthropology, nutrition, and human bioclimatology, is surveyed from a bibliographical point of view. A brief review of historical sources is presented, followed by a discussion of the contemporary organizations, both international and national, active in the field. Emphasis is placed on the publishing programs and projects, maps, atlases, symposia, reports, and other literature sponsored or stimulated by these organizations. Regional bibliographical surveys for East Africa, India, and the Soviet Union are also noted. Pertinent aspects of bibliographies, indexes, abstracts, library card catalogs and accession lists, and other resources are listed, with emphasis on the various subject headings and other approaches to them. Throughout, the sources of information are approached from a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary viewpoint.
Bibliographies as Topic↗
Study to assess the compensation and skills of medical library professionals relative to information technology professionals.
PURPOSE: The study seeks to determine how medical library professionals performing information-technology (IT) roles are compensated and how their positions are designed compared to information technology staff in their institutions. METHODS: 550 medical library directors in hospital and academic medical libraries were surveyed. The data was then compared to survey data from other compensation studies of the IT industry. RESULTS: There is a gap in compensation between medical library professionals and IT professionals performing similar functions using information technology. Technology-intense library jobs are compensated at higher levels than more traditional jobs. CONCLUSIONS: To compete with IT salaries, managers of medical library professionals will need to be ever more cognizant of the employment practices of IT professionals in nonmedical library disciplines. It is typically in the medical library's best interest to ensure that IT-related jobs, accountabilities, and capabilities of the medical library are known and understood by others, especially in the human resources and information technology staff departments.
Humans↗
Subscriber survey of the journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry 1972.
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Histocytochemistry↗
The costs and effectiveness of information-skills training and mediated searching: quantitative results from the EMPIRIC project.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness and costs of providing information for patient care via librarian-mediated searches and information-skills training. METHODS: A questionnaire survey to library staff and health professionals in the North West. Data was collected on perceptions of services, satisfaction and service usage, allowing a cost analysis to be undertaken. Statistical data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (spss). RESULTS: Using satisfaction and use of skills as outcome measures, both mediated searches and information skills training are effective. A breakdown of costs per type of training session and literature search is provided. Cost-effectiveness is dependent on whether costs are viewed from a library or trust point of view. Providing information skills training does not reduce the volume of mediated-search requests. CONCLUSIONS: No one method of providing information for health professionals is more effective or cost-effective than another. A decision about which services to provide cannot be made on the basis of effectiveness or costs alone; the views of library staff and the health professionals they serve should also be taken into account. A proactive approach and targeting training towards those who are most likely to benefit may be an appropriate way forward.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗