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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Combination antitumor therapy with lentinan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide against murine tumors.

The antitumor effects of lentinan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were studied. Combined treatment with lentinan and LPS was very effective against Ehrlich carcinoma in ddY mice, and the syngeneic mammary carcinoma MM46 in C3H/He mice. Studies on the effective doses and times of administration showed that a single injection of lentinan plus LPS 12 days after subcutaneous inoculation of these tumors caused complete regression in 60 approximately 90% of the animals; complete regression of MM46 carcinoma was seen in 83% of the animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of lymphocyte subset change as an indicator for predicting survival time and effectiveness of treatment with the immunopotentiator lentinan.

The usefulness of lymphocyte subset change as an indicator for predicting survival time and the effectiveness of combined treatment with an immunopotentiator, lentinan, and carboplatin (CBDCA) were investigated. Of 13 patients with advanced unresectable cancer entered in this study, 9 were administered 2 mg/body lentinan and 450 mg/m2 CBDCA, and 4 were administered a single modality of CBDCA. The mean survival time of all 13 cases was 9.89 months. Lymphocyte subsets of CD11(-)CD8(+), CD11(+)CD8(+), CD57(-)CD16(+) and CD57(+)CD16(+,-) were measured by two-color flow cytometry. In five cases surviving longer than 9.89 months, CD11(-)CD8(+)/CD11(+)CD8(+) on post-treatment showed an increase two-fold higher than on pre-treatment, but in all cases surviving less than 9.89 months the rate on post-treatment did not increase two fold higher than on pre-treatment. The mean (1.78) of (post-treatment/pre-treatment) ratios of CD57(-)CD16(+)/CD57(+) in long survival cases was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that (0.46) in short survival cases. Moreover, the mean of (post-treatment/pre-treatment) ratios of CD11(-)CD8(+)/CD11(+)CD8(+) and CD57(-) CD16(+)/CD57(+) showed a good correlation with survival time. These results indicate that changes of lymphocyte subsets of killer T cell/suppressor T cell and natural killer cell on posttreatment compared to pre-treatment are clinically useful indicators for predicting and monitoring the effectiveness of combined treatment with lentinan and CBDCA.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

A phase II controlled study of a combination of the immune modulator, lentinan, with didanosine (ddI) in HIV patients with CD4 cells of 200-500/mm3.

This study was carried out to assess the safety and efficacy of a combination of lentinan, an immune modulator, and didanosine (ddI) in a controlled study in HIV positive patients with CD4 levels of 200-500 cells/mm3. Didanosine was administered to HIV patients at doses of 400 mg/day (po) for six weeks (bid), then 2 mg of lentinan i.v. was added per week for 24-80 weeks. A control group (20%) received ddI only. A total of 107 patients were enrolled at three sites, and 88 patients started the ddI/lentinan phase. The combination caused significant increases in CD4 levels up to 38 weeks, whereas ddI alone was significant at the 5% level at 14 weeks. Based on these data, lentinan qualifies as a participant in future multi-drug studies in HIV.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

[The immunomodulatory effect of lentinan].

Lentinan (LTN) was extracted from Lentinus edodes (Berk) Sing with molecular weight of 5 x 10(5). The effects of lentinan on cellular immune function were studied in vivo by measuring the cellular delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-comprised mice. The effect of lentinan on T lymphocyte proliferation to Con A on splenocytes and T lymphocyte subpopulations on thymocytes and on splenocytes from normal mice were also evaluated. Moreover, the effect of LTN on production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from murine peritoneal macrophage was also tested. LTN was administered at doses of 1, 5 and 10 mg.kg-1.d-1. The following results were observed: LTN administration(X6) augmented the T lymphocyts proliferation to Con A in normal mice; LTN restorated the DTH to DNFB impaired by single Cy(200 mg.kg-1 and 80 mg.kg-1, ip) after using LTN for 8 or 5 d; LTN administration (X6) either decreased the percentage of L3T4+ (Th), Lyt2+ (Ts) in thymocytes or increased the percentage of L3T4+, Lyt2+ in splenocytes; LTN(X6) administration elicited release of TNF from M phi in the presence of lipoplysaccharide (LPS). These results indicate that the immunomodulating effect of LTN may be relevant to change of T cell subpopulation and increase of TNF production.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1998

[Successful treatment of hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer with 5'-DFUR and Lentinan].

Satisfactory therapeutic effects are rarely obtained with oral chemotherapy for gastric cancer. We have experienced successful treatment for synchronous hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer with 5'-DFUR and Lentinan. The patient was a 78-year-old female, diagnosed as having gastric cancer with multiple hepatic metastases, who underwent gastrectomy. Immunohistochemistry of the resected specimens with anti-thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) antibody yielded positive results for dThdPase in the primary tumor as well as the hepatic metastases. Two months after surgery, administration of 400 mg of 5'-DFUR per day and 2 mg i.v. of Lentinan every other week was started. Four months after discharge, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in plasma showed an abrupt logarithmic decline. Furthermore, a 99% reduction in hepatic metastases was demonstrated by abdominal CT. At present, 22 months after surgery, the patient is managed on an outpatient basis with no complaints of any side effects. Immunochemotherapy using 5'-DFUR and Lentinan may be effective against gastric malignancies expressing dThdPase activity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Preparation and Structural Analysis of Sulfated Derivatives of Lentinan.

A series of sulfated derivatives of lentinan were prepared by the modified Wolfrom method. Sulfates content analysis indicated that the proportion of sulfate substitution depended on the reaction time and the ratio of chlorsulfonic acid and pyridine in the ester reagent. Methylation analysis by Needs method and Hakomori method was proved not to be suitable for the structural analysis of sulfated lentinan. (13)C-NMR data showed that sulfates were located on the carbon-6 in all sulfated derivatives of lentinan showing the higher reactivity of the hydroxyls on C-6 position than those at other position.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Selective suppression of T-cell activity in tumor-bearing mice and its improvement by lentinan, a potent anti-tumor polysaccharide.

The cellular site of immunosuppression in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice was analysed with particular reference to the T- and B-cell activities. The B-cell activity as measured by the anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody responses to DNP-thymus-independent carriers (TID) was not impaired in tumor-bearing mice as compared with normal mice, whereas the anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-thymus-dependent carriers (TD) and the development of helper T-cell activity to TD were markedly suppressed in tumor-bearing animals or mice pretreated with cell-free cancerous ascitic fluid. The selective suppression of T-cell response was not mediated by the generation of suppressor cell activity toward TD, which may depress the manifestation of developed helper T-cell activity. A marked suppression of T-cell response was observed when the animals were inoculated with tumor cells or injected with cancerous ascitic fluid prior to antigenic stimulation, but not when the animals were rendered tumor-bearing by such treatments after the immunization. The suppression of T-cell activity in both sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing mice and cell-free Ehrlich cancerous ascitic fluid-treated mice was prevented by treatment with lentinan, a potent anti-tumor polysaccharide. The applicability of this experimental system to the search for immunopotentiators relevant to tumor immunotherapy is discussed in the light of the preventive effect of lentinan on the suppression of T-cell response in tumor-bearing animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effects of lentinan on broiler splenocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 production, and signal transduction.

Lentinan (LEN) is an intensively studied beta-glucan that has been shown to have immunostimulating and antitumor functions. However, it currently is not used in veterinary practice and animal production. This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of LEN on broiler splenocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and to explore its effects on receptor signal transduction by determining signaling molecules, including nitric oxide (NO), cytosolic-free Ca2+, cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The results showed that compared to the control all three measured doses, including 40, 80, and 160 microg/mL LEN, increased splenocyte proliferation and IL-2 production (P < 0.05). Lentinan increased splenocyte NO production and cytosolic-free calcium concentration in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001). After incubating splenocytes for 20 min, LEN increased intracellular cAMP and cGMP concentrations at a dose of 80 and 160 microg/mL, respectively. However, after incubating the splenocytes for 60 min, LEN had no effect on cytosolic cAMP and cGMP concentration irrespective of the LEN dosage. Those results indicated that LEN had immunostimulatory effects on splenocytes by increasing splenocyte proliferation and IL-2 production and by activating splenocyte receptor signal transduction.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1980

[Intravenous chronic toxicity of lentinan in rats: 6-month treatment and 3-month recovery (author's transl)].

Chronic toxicity of lentinan was studied in male and female JCL : SD rats. Lentinan was given intravenously into tail vein. Dosage levels employed were 0 (5% mannitol), 0.01, 0.1, 1 (with or without dextran), and 10 mg/kg/day for 6 months in a volume of 1 ml/100 g body weight. After 6 months, the treatment was discontinued and a recovery study was performed for 3 months. Rats receiving 10 mg/kg had redness and necrosis of the tail, the treatment was stopped at week 5, and the rats were sacrificed. Rats receiving 1 mg/kg showed redness of the ear, tail, and scrotum, which was remarkable in the 2nd and 3rd months. Body weight gains were not adversely affected. Laboratory examinations revealed an increase in leukocyte count, decreases in differential eosinophil count and platelet count, and an increase in serum beta-globulin level in drug-treated rats. At autopsy after 6 months, rats from the drug-treated groups had pulmonary hemorrhage and enlargements of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologic changes attributable to treatment included (1) activation of reticulo-endothelial system such as small epithelioid cell nodule in the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes, and mobilization of Kupffer cells; (2) arteritis in various organs, especially notable in the spleen, testis, and epididymis ; (3) hemorrhage in the lung; and (4) hypospermatogenesis. All these changes described above had a propensity to recover. The maximum no effect level was estimated to be less than 0.01 mg/kg in the present study in male and female rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with hepatic metastasis successfully treated by combined chemotherapy with UFT and lentinan].

We have experienced successful treatment of a hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer with UFT and lentinan. The patient was a 65-year-old male, who underwent distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer with hepatic and lymphatic metastases. After operation, administrations of UFT 300 mg/day and lentinan 2 mg/2 weeks were given, and the hepatic metastasis disappeared by 17 months. We performed a resection of the residual stomach and lymphatic metastasis at 52 months after operation. For over 5 years the patient has shown no evidence of a recurrence of the hepatic metastasis. This chemotherapy regimen was very effective and improved the patients quality of life.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

[Postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy using Lentinan for advanced gastric carcinoma patients with metastasis in the regional lymph nodes and serosal invasion].

Six patients with gastric cancer, stage IIIA to IV, received intraabdominal cisplatin (CDDP) at laporotomy. This was followed by postoperative intravenous infusion of mitomycin C (MMC), CDDP or fluorouracil (5-FU). When these patients recovered to the extent that permitted oral medication, an immunochemotherapeutic regimen containing either oral UFT (uracil and tegafur) or 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), plus intravenous Lentinan (LNT) was administered for a period ranging from one and a half to two years. This postoperative immunochemotherapy was successful in all 6 patients. No relapse has been observed in any of them for at least 4 years. These findings indicate that the chemotherapeutic strategy of administering intraabdominal CDDP immediately after surgery, followed by postoperative immunochemotherapy with pyrimidine-fluoride products plus Lentinan on an outpatient basis may be useful in the treatment of T3 or T4 gastric carcinoma with metastasis in the regional lymph nodes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma in an elderly patient that improved upon combination therapy of Lentinan and Tegafur].

The case was an 83-year-old man whose chief complaint was right-hypochondralgia and high fever. His laboratory findings at the first visit revealed liver dysfunction and an elevation of AFP level. Abdominal ultra-sonography revealed a giant tumor in his liver. Because of his advanced age and the large size of his tumor, he was given 2 mg Lentinan a week and 750 mg Tegafur every day. After 3 months his serum AFP level decreased to normal range, and on computed tomography his tumor disappeared completely 6 months after the beginning of this therapy. We recommend the combination therapy of Lentinan and Tegafur for patients with a high risk for usual therapies like this case for their quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of recurrent ovarian cancer successfully treated with adoptive immunotherapy and lentinan.

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy is useful for the prevention of the post-operative recurrence of some types of cancer and, in combination with certain anticancer drugs, is expected to prolong survival time. However, the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy alone against advanced cancer has not yet been demonstrated. CASE REPORT: A 67-year-old woman with ovarian cancer who had undergone post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy suffered from recurrent cancer in the lymph nodes. A partial response to adoptive immunotherapy and the administration of the biological response modifier, lentinan containing beta-glucan as the principal component, was maintained for five months without the use of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Adoptive immunotherapy with lentinan alone was potentially useful for the treatment of lymph node metastases from ovarian cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of intrapleural and/or intraperitoneal lentinan therapy on carcinomatous pleuritis and peritonitis with special reference to immunological evaluation].

Eleven patients, seven with carcinomatous pleuritis and four with carcinomatous peritonitis, were treated with the intrapleural and/or intraperitoneal administration of Lentinan (4 mg/week X 4). And the following results were obtained. (1) Eight patients revealed a clinical effect; malignant effusion disappeared in two and diminished in two. In six, the cytological grade decreased. (2) Subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and pleural or peritoneal effusion mononuclear cells (PEMNC) were examined using monoclonal antibodies (OKT4, OKT8, Leu7, CD8 X CD11). These showed no change during the course of treatment. (3) NK activities of PBL didn't improved but those of PEMNC significantly improved (P less than 0.01) during this therapy. Anti-Daudi activities of PEMNC tended to be augmented during this therapy. Especially in effective cases, anti-Daudi activities were highly augmented. (4) As a side effect, only one showed an elevation of body temperature. These results indicate that intrapleural and/or intraperitoneal Lentinan administration is a useful treatment for carcinomatous pleuritis and peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Successful treatment of a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer by lentinan combined with intraarterial 5FU].

A patient with ovarian cancer recurrent in the pelvis showed partial response to consecutive intraarterial (IA) cisplatin (CDDP) combined with continuous IA 5FU treatment and received third look operation in which the recurrent tumor could not be completely removed. The biopsied specimen revealed that the histologic type of the recurrent tumor was papillary adenocarcinoma. Postoperative IA CDDP could not produce further effect against the remaining tumor. Thereafter, the patient has been treated ambulatorily with intravenous (IV) lentinan (2mg/wk) combined with IA 5FU (without CDDP) to date. Four months after the start of this therapy, the persistent tumor which became refractory to IA CDDP disappeared completely (CR). Such a remarkable effect was accompanied by the concurrent induction of significantly enhanced IL-2 production and increased ratio of Leu3a/Leu2a possibly by lentinan. At present, performance status of the patient is 0 (normal activity) and she has been free of disease for 6 months, which is confirmed by clinical assessment including physical examination, cytologic examination, CT, scintigraphy and B scope.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1987

Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine in various human hematopoietic cell lines in vitro: augmentation of the effect by lentinan.

The effect of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) on replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in various hematopoietic cell lines was investigated. The concentration of AZT required to block HIV replication varied depending on the cell line used. U-937 cells required as little as 0.01 microM AZT to block HIV replication, a concentration almost 100 times lower than that required for MT-4 or MOLT-4 cells. However, 467 and TALL-1 cells required concentrations of AZT higher than 5 microM. It was clear that AZT was ineffective once the viral gene was integrated into chromosomal DNA; removal of AZT from culture fluids at that stage allowed the full expression of HIV. The effect of the potent immunostimulator lentinan was also examined, and it was shown that lentinan enhanced the effect of AZT.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1984

[Prevention of 5-FU induced toxicity in C3 H/HE mice with interferon or with interferon inducers (poly 1: C, OK-432, Lentinan)].

It is well known that all cell lines, normal as well as malignant, have a sensitivity to the growth-inhibitory effect of Interferon, or Interferon inducers. 5-FU is a widely used anticancer drug considered to be a cell cycle-specific agent. We speculated that the antiproliferative effect of Interferon or Interferon inducers might affect the activity of 5-FU and diminish the uncomfortable side-effects of this agent. Initially this experiment, we observed the mortality rate in mice after administration of 5-FU alone, or 5-FU plus Interferon (alpha inducers). We then carried out cytofluorometric observation of bone marrow cells, and finally studied the influence of Interferon (or inducers) on the anticancer effects of 5-FU against MM48 tumors in C3/He mice. Findings were as follow: 1) Administration of beta-type Interferon for 2 days, following the administration of a toxic dose (140 mg/kg/w) of 5-FU, revealed significant protection from mortality in C3H/He mice. This effect was also observed when Interferon inducers (Poly I: C, OK-432, Lentinan) were administered with 5-FU. Body weight loss was 10.4% at nadir in mice treated with 5-FU alone, while there was a body weight gain of 36.3% in mice treated with 5-FU plus Interferon. 2) Cytofluorometry of bone marrow cells obtained from mice femur at timed intervals after the administration of OK-432, or Lentinan indicated that these drugs inhibited the entry of cells into the S-phase, causing then to accumulated in the G0.G1-phase during the first 48 hours. 3) Histological findings of intestinal mucosa in mice showed prominent destruction after bolus injection of 350 mg/kg of 5-FU alone, while these findings were not observed in mice after the bolus injection of 350 mg/kg of 5-FU combined with Interferon. 4) The tumor volume ratio (T/C) was significantly reduced in the group treated with 5-FU alone as well as that treated with 5-FU combined with Interferon (or inducers) in C3H/He mice bearing MM48 tumors. All mice were dead about 2 weeks after administration of 5-FU alone, while all mice treated with 5-FU plus Interferon (or inducers) were alive in the same period. From these results, we speculate that Interferon, or Interferon inducers play an important role in the prevention of side effects of cell cycle-specific cytotoxic drugs like 5-FU, without decreasing their anticancer activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Combination therapy of murine tumors with lentinan plus lipopolysaccharide plus cyclophosphamide.

A combination of lentinan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), previously reported to have strong antitumor activity against some tumors, was only slightly effective on solid-type MH134 hepatoma and colon 38 adenocarcinoma and was not effective on ascitic L1210 in CDF1 mice. On the other hand, additional combination therapy with cyclophosphamide (CY), that is, lentinan plus LPS plus CY, strongly inhibited the growth of solid-type MH134 and colon 38 adenocarcinoma even when administered from day 12 after tumor inoculation. The antitumor delayed hypersensitivity reaction against MH134 hepatoma, measured by means of the footpad test, was augmented by this combination. The possible role of CY is discussed in relation to the importance of inhibition of immune suppressive mechanisms in this combination therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗