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PubMed2002

The promotion of happiness.

The human mind is capable of creating an internal world--the psychic sphere--including the phenomena characteristic of human nature, such as selfconsciousness, conscious experiences, conceptual thinking, symbolic language, dreams, art, creation of culture, sense of values, interest in the distant past and care about the distant future. According to the exceptionally concordant opinions of the sages and scholars of the East and the West it is just within this internal world that human happiness dwells. Happiness is a state of the spirit which consists in: internal peace, satisfaction with one's life, the joy of life, benevolence and cordiality towards oneself and towards others; sensitivity to the beauty of nature, culture and art; harmonious co-existence with the surroundings. The achievement and experiencing of the states of thus understood happiness depend mainly on ourselves and, similarly to the project of health promotion, require knowledge, willingness and possibilities. Happiness Promotion denotes the commendation and popularizing of a certain definite way of thinking and acting--showing the road which leads to the frequent experiencing of happy moments.

Happiness↗
PubMed2004

Translations.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Reliability of Hong Kong Chinese version of the Patient-rated Forearm Evaluation Questionnaire for lateral epicondylitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability and validity of a dedicated assessment tool for lateral epicondylitis after translation into Hong Kong Chinese. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: District hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS: Seventy-four patients, 12 of whom were bilingual, were recruited (total of 82 elbows). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Translation equivalence and reliability were measured with the test-retest method. Validity was measured against the Roles and Maudsley outcome score and mean maximal grip strength. RESULT: The Patient-rated Forearm Evaluation Questionnaire had high English-Chinese equivalence (Spearman's rho correlation coefficient=0.926; P<0.001). It was also very reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.99; P<0.001). Validity according to the Roles and Maudsley outcome score and mean of maximal grip strength was significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The Hong Kong Chinese version of Patient-rated Forearm Evaluation Questionnaire is a reliable and valid assessment tool for chronic lateral epicondylitis. Its equivalence to the original English version makes outcome assessment across cultural barrier feasible.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Psychometric evaluation of the Taiwan version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To adapt the Taiwan version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: The DASH questionnaire was adapted through the process of translation, back-translation, and expert review. Eighty two subjects with upper extremity disorders were recruited in a medical center and 46 of these patients could be followed up to assess retest reliability in less than 10 days. Cronbach alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Principal axis factor analysis was performed to assess the factor-construct validity, while concurrent validity was tested with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) Taiwan version questionnaire. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the Taiwan version of the DASH questionnaire was high (Cronbach alpha = 0.96) and the test-retest reliability was satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.9). Principal axis factor analysis confirmed the 1-factor model. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the DASH questionnaire to the SF-36 showed a correlation with physical component summary scores rather than mental component summary scores. Bodily pain, physical function and role-physical scores among the SF-36 subscales were most significantly correlated with DASH disability/symptom scores. CONCLUSION: The Taiwan version of the DASH questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of health status for patients with upper-extremity disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Managing large online classes across multiple locations.

We now have many different ways of delivering educational offerings, hopefully tailored to the educational environments and student characteristics. Programs vary based on country of origin and delivery location, organisational structures, development and delivery technologies, and the business arrangements made between providers and agents/students. At Central Queensland University (CQU) we deliver the same courses domestically and internationally, often with more than 1000 students per offering, several times per year across 14 campuses located thousands of kilometers apart using face-to-face and/or virtual mode. The students are a mix of Australian distance and on campus plus international on campus. This chapter builds on the CQU experience managing these large classes, particularly within the Faculty of Informatics and Communication, using an evolving mix of technologies. The economic realities of tertiary education require providers to focus on servicing international markets, including an emphasis on student preferences for language of instruction, preferred location (campus or distance delivery) and mode of instruction. Educational delivery requires development and delivery teamwork, maintenance of consistency (quality) in terms of offerings and assessment, appropriate use of technology and cultural awareness.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1997

Lessons from twins: of nature, nurture, and consciousness.

Once accorded a high place in the world's mythologies, twins may be poised to reappear with new power in the images are archetypal patterns that shape the modern mind. On a concrete level, they are influencing how we define ourselves. As a result of intrauterine ultrasound studies, we are finding that more of us are twins than we ever imagined: a phenomenon dubbed "the twin without." We are also learning about within": our complementary "solar" and "lunar" traits of which the ancient Twin myths speak, whose integration is one of life's great tasks. Some of the most compelling messages of twins are appearing in an unexpected area: modern science. One of the great discoveries of 20th-century physics is the principle of complementarity: the idea that a subatomic particle can possess dual or twin aspects; that under certain experimental conditions it can manifest as a particle, and under others a wave. This is an expression of what could be called the "Twinship Principle" in modern science. The gene-environment relationship, which we have examined, is another. We might also add the predator-prey relationship in ecology; the alternation of day and night and the seasons; the sleep-wake cycle; perhaps even the one-and-zero relationship that is the basis of modern computer languages. In art, we find twinship in figure and ground, light and shade. Perhaps the most profound expressions of the Twinship Principle occur in psychology and spirituality: mind that is both local and nonlocal; the personal and the transpersonal; mortal and immortal; physical and immaterial; transcendent and immanent; sacred and profane. In all of these relationships, the entities illustrate the "coincidence of opposites." Like the poles of a magnet, they define each other and cannot exist without each other. Philosopher Alan Watts once said that the most profound metaphysical principle is that every inside has an outside, and every outside an inside. Is this the most important lesson of twins?

Adoption↗
PubMed1998

On the matter of rules. Past-tense formation and its significance for cognitive neuroscience.

If neuronal models are successful, they will account for specifically human complex behaviours. Most of these behaviours can be described as governed by rules. In recent years, much effort has been spent to elucidate the neuronal basis of rules, and many researchers have focussed on modelling rules and regularities underlying language, particularly those relevant for past-tense formation. After introducing problems posed by past-tense formation, important aspects of recent controversies between connectionists and linguists concerning the nature of rules will be reviewed and analysed on the basis of elementary simulations. It is argued that modular networks with varying connection probabilities between their layers would be ideal for modelling learning and processing of past-tense formation. The motivation for postulating such networks comes from neurobiological models of language and from neuroanatomical data about cortico-cortical connectivity. Furthermore, such modular networks may explain double dissociations of regular and irregular past-tense formation in neurological patients, as reported in recent neuropsychological publications. It is concluded that past-tense formation does not pose problems to pattern associators, given that some structure is built into the network which approximates wirings in the human cortex.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

A survey of speech and language pathology services for Down syndrome: state of the art.

This article summarizes current trends in speech and language pathology services to individuals with Down syndrome. Data was collected through the use of a questionnaire mailed to speech and language pathologists who regularly serve clients with Down syndrome. Most widely used assessment instruments, therapy materials, sources of information, and need for materials to be developed are presented as they relate to services for birth-3 year olds, 3-5 year olds, school-age-14 year olds, prevocational-18 year olds, and above-age-18 adult services. The discussion addresses specific needs for research and needed direction for evaluation and treatment with the Down syndrome population.

Adolescent↗