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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Epidemiology of needlestick and sharp injuries at a university hospital in a developing country: a 3-year prospective study at the Jordan University Hospital, 1993 through 1995.

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of needlestick and sharp injuries in a university hospital in a developing country, Jordan. METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken of all needlestick and sharp injuries among workers at the Jordan University Hospital between 1993 and 1995. Health care workers were asked to report in person to the infection-control team to verify the incident and to respond to a questionnaire. Blood was obtained from patients and health care workers immediately and from the health care workers 6 months later for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV testing. RESULTS: During the 3-year period, 248 health care workers had needlestick and sharp injuries. Of these, 34.6% were staff nurses, 19%, environmental workers, 15.7%, interns, 11.7%, residents, 8.5%, practical nurses, and 6% were technicians. The incidence density was highest for the interns followed by staff nurses and environmental workers. Of incidents, 22.6% occurred during blood drawing, 11.3% during placing intravenous lines, 8.5% during administration of medication, 11% during recapping the needle, 10.5% during needle disposal, 12.5% during garbage collection, and 5% were caused by a neglected needle. Only 117 patients were identified; 36 of 62 of these had positive results for hepatitis B surface antigen, and 8 of 13 for hepatitis C virus. CONCLUSION: Needlestick and sharp injuries occur frequently in developing countries. Safer disposal facilities and routine hepatitis B vaccine should be adopted.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2001

Present anti-measles immunity in Jordan.

The immunity of adults and the prevalence of measles was determined in order to evaluate the adequacy of current measles vaccination policy in Jordan. A total of 307 sera, collected from adults aged 18--40 years, were tested for anti-measles antibodies by ELISA technique. The overall prevalence of anti-measles antibodies was 94.8% and there was no significant difference in the seropositivity rate between males (95.7%) and females (94%). Of the tested adults, 71% were vaccinated and 29% escaped vaccination. In Jordan, measles outbreaks occur periodically and predominantly attack children aged 5--14 years. Our data support introducing the compulsory MMR vaccine in the year 2000 to improve the vaccination coverage of measles; since the optional single dose vaccination has not interrupted the circulation of the measles virus. A second dose of MMR vaccine could be offered to Jordanians either at school entry or at the age of 11--12 years, based on the outcome of the compulsory single dose of MMR vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Determinants and consequences of health worker motivation in hospitals in Jordan and Georgia.

Health worker motivation reflects the interactions between workers and their work environment. Because of the interactive nature of motivation, local organizational and broader sector policies have the potential to affect motivation of health workers, either positively or negatively, and as such to influence health system performance. Yet little is known about the key determinants and outcomes of motivation in developing and transition countries. This exploratory research, unique in its broader study of a whole range of motivational determinants and outcomes, was conducted in two hospitals in Jordan and two in Georgia. Three complementary approaches to data collection were used: (1) a contextual analysis; (2) a qualitative 360-degree assessment; and (3) a quantitative in-depth analysis focused on the individual determinants and outcomes of the worker's motivational process. A wide range of psychometric scales was used to assess personality differences, perceived contextual factors and motivational outcomes (feelings, thoughts and behaviors) on close to 500 employees in each country. Although Jordan and Georgia have very different cultural and socio-economic environments, the results from these two countries exhibited many similarities among key determinants: self-efficacy, pride, management openness, job properties, and values had significant effects on motivational outcomes in both countries. Where results were divergent, differences between the two countries highlight the importance of local culture on motivational issues, and the need to tailor motivational interventions to the specific issues related to particular professional or other groupings in the workforce. While workers themselves state that financial reward is critical for their work satisfaction, the data suggest a number of non-financial interventions that may be more effective means to improve worker motivation. This research highlights the complexity of worker motivation, and the need for a more comprehensive approach to increasing motivation, satisfaction and performance, and for interventions at both organizational and policy levels.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1987

Maxillofacial injuries at Jordan University Hospital.

In the Jordanian Society many factors contributed to the occurrence of maxillofacial injuries. Analysis of 131 cases of maxillofacial injuries indicated higher involvement of males. The most susceptible age group was 0-5 years; mandibular fractures were commoner than those of the middle third of the face. In Jordan the incidence of violence is less frequent than that of road traffic accidents. Shattered automobile glass is by far the most common cause of facial injuries. The use of seat-belts notably reduced the frequency of severe facial injuries. The findings of this study should alert the authorities to the need for the establishment of a maxillofacial unit in every city, as major problems concerning the identification and management of such cases still exist in developing countries like Jordan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Development, growth, and migration of Philophthalmus gralli (Trematoda) from Jordan in the eyes of chicks.

The growth of Philophthalmus gralli from Jordan was studied experimentally by inoculating 10 excysted metacercariae around the right eye of 47 day-old chicks. The growth rate was slow in the first three days during which flukes did not exceed 0.30 mm long. Then growth became rapid reaching 2.70 mm long on day 24. This was followed by a low growth rate during which the flukes grew from 2.70 mm to 2.90 mm on day 40. The flukes started to appear in the left eye on day 12 post-inoculation of metacercariae in the right eye. The recovery of flukes in the left eye increased from 5% on day 12 to 30% on day 32. The development of P. gralli from Jordan was the same as of other species of Philophthalmus. However, a sixth stage, post-maturation stage, is suggested in addition to the 5 developmental stages of Philophthalmus. The ratio of the transverse diameter of the ovary to that of testes in the post-maturation stage was 1:1.1-1:1.2.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Pesticides and trace metals residue in grape and home made wine in Jordan.

Sixty home made wine and sixty-four grape samples were collected from five territories in Jordan, where grapes and wine are mostly producted. The collected samples were analyzed for the most used organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and organophosphorous pesticides (OPP) in Jordan, as well as for four heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb). The results showed that OCPs residues were detected in 73% of the wine samples but no OPPs residue were detected which is due to generally shorter half life of the later pesticide. Grapes showed higher incident of contamination than wine, however, OCPs and OPPs with both short and long half-lives were detected. The OPPs were detected in only 8.3% of the analyzed grape samples. Heavy metals showed higher values in grapes than in the wine samples and it was attributed to removal of solids during wine preparation processes or through contamination of wine during storage. Most of the samples were below toxic limit.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Epidemiological aspects of brucellosis in Jordan.

From January 1988 to December 1997, a total of 7842 cases of human brucellosis were registered at the Ministry of Health in Jordan. A link was found to exist between the lambing season and the occurrence of the infection. The number of cases was found to be the lowest in children below 4 years and highest in the 5-14-years age group. Incidence of the infection was calculated per 100,000 population. The lowest incidence of brucellosis was 16.7 and this was detected in the year 1988, whereas the highest was 29.9 and this was observed in 1991. Evidence is provided which indicates that notified cases of human brucellosis in Jordan do not reflect the actual frequency but rather underestimate the extent of the infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cryptococcus neoformans varieties from material under the canopies of eucalyptus trees and pigeon dropping samples from four major cities in Jordan.

To our best knowledge, any study related to the ecological distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans in Jordan does not exist in the medical literature. In order to determine the environmental occurrence of both varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans in Jordan, pigeon droppings and material under the canopies of eucalyptus trees were collected from four major cities of this country. For the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii from environmental sources, 500 samples of the mixed soil debris, including tree materials, under the eucalyptus trees from cities of Amman, Irbid, Jerash, and Ajlun were collected. Also, 509 samples of pigeon droppings were collected from the same cities for the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans variety neoformans. After inoculating the samples onto modified Staib agar medium in Petri dishes, a total of 336 melanoid yeast colonies were picked up during screening process. At the end of serial mycological studies, none of these isolates was identified as Cryptococcus neoformans, but all were Cryptococcus species other than C. neoformans. For determining the exact status, more extensive environmental studies need to be done in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Traumatic dental injuries in children presenting for treatment at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, 1997-2000.

Data pertaining to traumatic dental injuries of children seeking care at the teaching clinics of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan over a period of 4 years were analyzed. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was 14.2% from 2751 subjects. The peak incidence of injury was 10-12-year age group. Boys were more affected (18.3%) than girls (10.1%). Most injuries occurred at home (63.2%), and falls were the leading cause of injuries (49.9%). Most injuries involved one tooth (69.3%) and maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth (90.4%). The commonest injury was uncomplicated crown fracture (62.5%), then complicated crown fracture (28.7%). Only 17.1% of children sought treatment the same day or the day after the injury. At the initial examination, cases seen after a long post-traumatic period required more complicated treatment than those presented within a short time period. Preventive educational program should be instituted in Jordan, directed at parents and school teachers to inform them about the importance of traumatic dental injuries and the benefit of immediate attendance for dental treatment. Furthermore, improving the knowledge of dental practitioners through continuing education would also help in minimizing sequelae of traumatic dental injuries.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2004

Heterogeneity in microbial exposure in schools in Sweden, Poland and Jordan revealed by analysis of chemical markers.

We used gas chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry to analyze microbial components in 85 samples of airborne dust from schools in Jordan, Sweden, and Poland. To collect the samples, we allowed dust to settle on plexiglass plates hanging in the breathing zone in school buildings during both summer and winter. In each of the three countries, we conducted such sampling in two schools: one in an urban environment and the other in rural surroundings. The microbial marker profiles differed significantly between the schools and seasons. For example, samples from Jordan contained remarkably low levels of ergosterol (marker of fungal biomass) and high levels of 3-hydroxy acids (markers of lipopolysaccharide) of 10, 12, and 14 carbon chain lengths relative to such acids of 16 and 18 carbons in comparison with samples from Sweden and Poland. This dissimilarity in 3-hydroxy fatty acid distribution indicates significant differences in the populations of Gram-negative bacteria. We also noted that muramic acid (marker of bacterial biomass) exhibited the smallest variation between schools and seasons. In summary, our results demonstrate that exposure to microorganisms in indoor air in school buildings may differ markedly between countries, between seasons, and between urban and rural environments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Jordan--an epidemiological study.

To survey the situation of traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) in Jordan and for a future nationwide epidemiological survey, a retrospective study was conducted at the Royal Jordanian Rehabilitation Centre (RJRC) King Hussein Medical Centre (KHMC) Amman-Jordan, where all traumatic cases within this centre in addition to a few nontraumatic spinal injury patients are referred to the spinal unit which has a capacity of 30 beds. 151 traumatic SCI patients who were admitted to the spinal unit at RJRC during the period January 1988 to December 1993 were reviewed. The estimated annual incidence was 18 per million population. The majority were predominantly males (85.4%) the male/female ratio was 5.8:1. The mean age at the time of injury was 33 being 30.9 years for males and 34.8 years for females. There were 68% (n = 103) with paraplegia and 32% (n = 48) with tetraplegia (Frankel A-D). The commonest aetiology was motor vehicle accidents (44.4% n = 67), next came bullet injuries (25.8% n = 39), followed by accidental falls (21.2% n = 32). Other causes of SCI, and also the importance of preventive measures are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Growth of working boys in Jordan: a cross-sectional survey using non-working male siblings as comparisons.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of work on growth of Jordanian boys, aged 10-16 years, using non-working male siblings as controls. SETTING: The Jordanian areas of Irbid, Jarash and the North Jordan Valley. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of working boys and their non-working brothers. MAIN OUTCOMES: Height-for-age z-score; weight-for-age z-score. METHODS: Working boys (103) and non-working male siblings (103) (nearest in age to the working child) were interviewed, with their mothers, in the family home. Heights and weights of the working boys and their non-working male siblings were measured, and capillary blood was taken for packed-cell volume estimation. Heights and weights were converted to z-scores, and means for all three outcomes were compared between working boys and non-working siblings, using independent sample t-tests. The effect of the proportion of household income contributed by the working child's income on the main outcomes, among non-working siblings, was estimated by simple linear regression. RESULTS: Means for height-for-age z-score (p < 0.001), weight-for-age z-score (p < 0.001), and packed-cell volume (p < 0.001) among working boys were significantly lower than means for their non-working siblings. The main outcomes among non-working siblings were not significantly correlated with the proportion of household income contributed by the working child. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that work among boys aged 10-16 years in Jordan puts them at increased risk of stunting, wasting and anaemia. Previous studies have suggested this relationship but have suffered from confounding by socioeconomic status. Comparison with non-working siblings reduces the chances of socioeconomic status confounding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Oral health behaviour of schoolchildren and parents in Jordan.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were: (i) to assess the level of dental knowledge and attitudes towards child dental care among parents in Jordan, (ii) to analyse the oral health care habits of schoolchildren and parents, and (iii) to evaluate the oral hygiene habits and use of professional dental services of children in relation to socio-demographic conditions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaires for parents. SAMPLE AND METHODS: National representative sample of 6-16-year-olds living in urban areas (n = 1556, children and parents, response rate 92%, 48.7% boys, 51.3% girls). RESULTS: In all, 80% of the parents knew about the harmful effect of sugar and 79% thought that poor oral hygiene may induce dental caries. In addition to proper oral hygiene (79%) and restriction of sugar/sweets (42%), 36% of the parents emphasized regular dental visits for the prevention of dental disease in children. However, most children saw a dentist for symptomatic reasons only (86%), while 11% attended for dental check-ups. At their last visit to the dentist, 49% of the children had tooth extraction and only 8% had preventive services (fissure sealing). Toothbrushing at least twice a day was reported for 31% of the children; 14% of children aged 6-9 years had assistance from adults in brushing. Dental care habits of children were highly affected by dental visiting habits of parents, and variations by level of education of parents were also found. CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancy between dental knowledge and attitudes of parents and oral health care practices indicate the need for oral health education. School-based oral health promotion programmes should be established in Jordan to influence the oral health behaviour of children and parents and to avoid further deterioration in their oral health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jordan.

OBJECTIVES: To assess dental fluorosis, provide base-line data among Jordanian children and to compare fluorosis in incisor teeth between areas with different fluoride levels. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study among school children. SAMPLE AND METHODS: A sample of 1878 subjects aged 12 years, 940 boys and 938 girls, were randomly selected from 128 schools in urban (69 schools) and rural (59 schools) areas. The Thylstrup & Fejerskov (TF) index was used to record the dental fluorosis on the labial surfaces of incisors. RESULTS: A total of 18.5% of the children examined showed dental fluorosis. The difference in fluorosis between males (17%) and females (20%) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Children in rural areas had a higher prevalence of fluorosis (31.8%) than their counterparts in urban areas (11.3%), a difference that was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Findings suggest that there is a need for continued monitoring of mottling and further investigation into the fluoride intake from all sources in Jordan. However, there is a need to change the drinking water supplies in the southern region of Jordan. Active steps should also be taken to suppress emissions of vapours high in fluoride from phosphate plants to within acceptable limits.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiology of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma is an uncommon tumor in Jordan compared with other countries. There are no previous comprehensive Jordanian studies on this tumor and proper statistical data on morbidity and incidence are nonexistent. The purpose of this paper was to study the epidemiologic aspects of cutaneous malignant melanoma among Jordanians. METHODS: Both the clinical and the histopathologic feature of 138 melanoma patients (86 men, median age 56; 52 women, median age 53) seen during the period November 1969-May 1994 were studied. The analysed data included age, sex, skin type, race, socioeconomic status, exposure to sunlight, trauma, and family history. RESULTS: Malignant melanoma was found to be more common in men than women, in the ratio of approximately 2:1, due to the higher exposure of men to sunlight, and occurred more in people with skin types I, II, and III, and less in people with skin types IV and V. The majority of cases were of the superficial spreading variety, followed by the nodular, lentigo maligna, and acrolentiginous melanomas, respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma, formerly considered a rare tumor in Jordan, is now recognized to be on the increase. Exposure to sunlight seems to be the most prominent risk factor in the development of this tumor among Jordanians.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Perinatal outcome in 41 sets of triplets in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Triplet births, which have increased greatly throughout the world in recent years, have a much greater risk of poor birth outcome than singleton births. The purpose of this study was to determine the perinatal outcome associated with triplet pregnancies and to compare abdominal delivery with vaginal delivery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 41 sets of triplets born between January 1, 1994, and June 30, 1999, at the Princess Badee'a Teaching Hospital in Amman, Jordan. The primary outcome measures were perinatal mortality and early neonatal complications. RESULTS: Of these sets, 21 triplets were delivered vaginally and 20 triplets were delivered by cesarean section. The perinatal mortality rate was 260 per 1000 live births in this series, primarily due to respiratory distress syndrome. The perinatal deaths occurred to infants whose birthweights were primarily 500 to 1500 g (90.6%). Breech presentation was associated with a significantly higher perinatal mortality rate than vertex presentation (62.5% vs 37.5%). Cesarean delivery was associated with a higher perinatal mortality rate than vaginal delivery (30.0% vs 22.2%). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that cesarean delivery in triplets is not superior to vaginal delivery in terms of fetal and early neonatal outcome. The perinatal mortality rate was significantly higher than that in other recent series due to limited resources in Jordan.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Symptoms of anxiety and depression among adolescents with seizures in Irbid, Northern Jordan.

In Jordan, individuals with epilepsy commonly attend neuropsychiatric clinics. The objective of this study was to assess the psychosocial outcome of epilepsy among adolescents. The study included 101 epileptic adolescents who attended the neurology clinic at the Princess Basma Teaching Hospital in Northern Jordan and 101 non-epileptic controls. Sociodemographic characteristics and all relevant clinical data were collected through interviewing the cases and controls. Identification of the symptoms of anxiety and depression was made according to DSM-IV criteria. The patients were age and sex matched with the controls. The controls had achieved a significantly better education (> 12 years education) than the patients with epilepsy. The adolescents with epilepsy were also shown to be disadvantaged in their living circumstances. Some of them were dependent on their parents in some daily physical activities, such as bathing, which might be a sign of overprotection by their parents. Those with epilepsy had a significantly higher tendency to develop symptoms of anxiety and depression than the control group. Moreover these psychiatric symptoms, especially anxiety symptoms, were more likely to happen when seizures had not been properly medically controlled. Overprotective parental behaviour towards their ill children could also delay their psychosocial maturation. Therefore, counselling of patients and parents about epilepsy is an important factor in the control of seizures and their sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Estimating the economic effects of cystic echinococcosis. Part 3: Jordan, a developing country with lower-middle income.

The economic costs of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Jordan, a developing country of lower-middle income, were investigated. Initial cost-estimates for livestock were based on the published prevalences of Echinococcus granulosus infection in sheep and goats and the values of livestock-related products together with likely production losses. Likewise, the annual numbers of human cases of CE were estimated using published surgical incidences in man. The costs of surgery were estimated from hospital records and by costing out the procedures each patient received whilst undergoing treatment. After comparing the quality of life of patients treated for CE with that of case-matched controls, it appeared that the treated patients had some long-term morbidity caused either by the disease or the resulting treatment. A simple spreadsheet model was built up, to sum the individual cost items. Each cost item and each of the data related to prevalence and incidence was assigned a mathematical distribution and varied randomly, using Monte-Carlo techniques, throughout its range, over 10 000 simulations. The results of the study indicate that the most likely range of annual economic losses attributable to CE in Jordan (encompassing 95% confidence limits) is from U.S.$2 602 215-6533 661, with a median of U.S.$3 874 070.

Animal Husbandry↗