Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Japanese”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Estimation of premorbid IQ in individuals with Alzheimer's disease using Japanese ideographic script (Kanji) compound words: Japanese version of National Adult Reading Test.

The National Adult Reading Test (NART) is widely used as a measure of premorbid IQ of the English-speaking patients with dementia. The purpose of the present study was to develop a Japanese version of the NART (JART), using 50 Japanese irregular words, all of which are Kanji (ideographic script) compound words. Reading performance based on JART and IQ as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was examined in a sample of 100 normal elderly (NE) persons and in 70 age-, sex-, and education-matched patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The NE group was randomly divided into the NE calculation group (n=50) and the NE validation group (n=50). Using the NE calculation group, a linear regression equation was obtained in which the observed full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was regressed on the reading errors of the JART. When the regressed equation computed from the NE calculation group was applied to the NE validation group, the predicted FSIQ adequately fit the observed FSIQ (R2=0.78). Further, independent t-tests showed that the JART-predicted IQs were not significantly different between the NE and AD groups, whereas the AD group performed worse in the observed IQs. The reading ability of Kanji compound words is well-preserved in Japanese patients with AD. The JART is a valid scale for evaluating premorbid IQ in patients with AD.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Dietary factors related to higher plasma fibrinogen levels of Japanese-americans in hawaii compared with Japanese in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether dietary factors explain higher plasma fibrinogen levels in Japanese emigrants living a Western lifestyle in Hawaii compared with Japanese in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plasma fibrinogen and nutrient intakes were examined by standardized methods in men and women 40 to 59 years of age from a Japanese-American sample in Hawaii (100 men and 106 women) and 4 population samples in Japan (569 men and 567 women). Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between dietary factors and the plasma fibrinogen difference between Hawaii and Japan. Average plasma fibrinogen was significantly higher in Hawaii compared with Japan (P<0.001 in both genders). In multiple linear regression analyses with each dietary variable considered separately, body mass index reduced the plasma fibrinogen difference between Hawaii and Japan by 20.4%; iron intake (mg/1000 kcal) and estimated total sugar intake (%kcal) reduced this difference by 30.0% and 14.4%, respectively. In a model that included body mass index, iron, estimated total sugars, and caffeine (also age and gender), this difference was reduced by 61.3% (from 42.2 to 16.3 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of iron, sugar, and caffeine, in addition to obesity, account largely for higher fibrinogen levels with Westernized lifestyle.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Lung injury associated with bortezomib therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in Japan: a questionnaire-based report from the "lung injury by bortezomib" joint committee of the Japanese society of hematology and the Japanese society of clinical hematology.

Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that can be effective in the treatment of refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma. Recently, severe pulmonary complications associated with bortezomib therapy have been reported in Japan. Because bortezomib has not yet been approved for general use in Japan and is imported by attending physicians on the request of patients, The Japanese Society of Hematology and The Japanese Society of Clinical Hematology sent urgent questionnaires to the councilors of both societies to explore the situation and the details of pulmonary complications associated with bortezomib therapy. Clinical details were available for 46 patients who had been treated with personally imported bortezomib in Japan. Seven patients (15.2%), including 3 who died from respiratory failure, showed complications definitely or probably caused by bortezomib. Of the 7 patients, 6 had a prior history of stem cell transplantation (SCT), whereas only 14 of 39 patients without lung injury had received SCT treatment (P = .033, Fisher exact test). Multivariate analysis revealed that the concomitant use of corticosteroids might reduce the risk of lung injury (P = .024; odds ratio, 0.055) and that a previous SCT might increase the risk (P = .042; odds ratio, 13.140). We summarized these data from questionnaires for a limited Japanese cohort and therefore do not know the precise incidence of lung injury linked to fatal progression. Thus, future verification concerning this matter is warranted after the approval of bortezomib for use in Japan. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of severe pulmonary complications associated with bortezomib therapy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2004

Conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin in Japanese women fed a purified diet conforming to the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes.

In order to establish the human requirements of niacin, it is first important to know how much tryptophan is converted to niacin in the human body. In a general, 60 mg of tryptophan is equivalent to 1 mg of niacin, whereas the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin is yet to be confirmed. The aim of this study was to know the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin in Japanese females fed a purified diet, which followed the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes. Ten young Japanese females were housed in the same facility and given the same daily living activity schedule for 7 d. The composition of their purified diet was conformed to the Dietary Reference Intakes in Japan. The diet was niacin free. In order to investigate the conversion ratio, daily urinary outputs were collected. Tryptophan-niacin metabolites in the urine were measured and the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin calculated. The conversion ratio was calculated by comparing the dietary intake of tryptophan and the sum of the niacin catabolites such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, which were derived only from the dietary intake of tryptophan. The ratio was calculated as 1.5 +/- 0.1 (mean +/-SE for 10 women; in molar basis) on the last day of the experiment. It was calculated that if the excretory percentage of niacin metabolites in the urine were 60%, of the tryptophan ingested, the conversion factor would be a value of 67, meaning that is 67 mg of tryptophan is equal to 1 mg of niacin.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Binaural advantage on usage of hearing aid together with cochlear implant--examination on speech perception (Japanese monosyllable word list 67-S and Japanese HINT)].

Six cochlear implant recipients with hearing aids in the opposite ear were studied to survey binaural advantage. They were examined in separate tests by using a hearing aid alone, cochlear implant alone, and by using both devices (bimodal condition). Test items used were the Japanese monosyllable word list 67--S and Japanese HINT. Statistically significantly results were obtained in the bimodal condition, three out of six subjects were successful in the monosyllable word test and all successful in the Japanese HINT. We conclude that all subjects enjoyed binaural advantage in speech perception in bimodal condition with no conflict at the recognition level; even when different sounds from cochlear implant and contralateral hearing aid were received. The plasticity of the brain is thought to be of importance in the bimodal condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Prevalence rate of allergy to Japanese cedar pollen in Tokyo--from field investigation in 1996 by Tokyo Japanese Cedar Pollen Allergy Measurements and Review Committee].

Prevalence rate of allergy to Japanese cedar pollen was investigated by means of questionnaires and immunological examinations in residents of 3 regions in Tokyo (Akiruno city, Chofu city, and Ota ward). The results were as follows: 1) the prevalence rate of allergy to Japanese cedar pollen in Tokyo was 25.7% in Akiruno city, 21.1% in Chofu city, and 17.7% in Ota ward in 1996; 2) stratification by the age reveal that the prevalence rate was the highest in the age group of 30 to 44, and the group showed prevalence rate of above 40% in Akiruno city; 3) overall prevalence rate of Tokyo was 19.4% in 1996, which was approximately twice as much as that in 1985; 4) increase in prevalence rate in the recent decade was most significant in Akiruno city where the largest number of Japanese cedar pollen was detected in the air, and prevalence rate tended to rise in the young group of 14 or less.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[The development of modern Japanese pharmaceutical industry (Part 4). From 1906 to 1920, coinciding with the era between the institution and issue of Japanese Pharmacopoeia Third Edition with Fourth Edition (JP III-JP IV)].

The publishing of the Third Edition of Japanese Pharmacopoeia was performed after Russo-Japanese War, on July 2, 1906. In those times, the military and economical power of Japan advanced toward East Asia, and thus gradually, Japan had become one of the powerful force in the world, partly because due to the unexpected victory in the War. Thereafter, in the second decade of the twentieth century, Japan was involved in the World War I, from July, 1914 to November, 1918, which ceased the fire by the defeat of Germanic Allied Countries. In Japan, the next revise of the pharmacopoeia was performed and the Fourth Edition of it was published on December 15, 1920. The Japanese pharmaceutical industry developed remarkably in those times, during the big war and confusion in the market, by accompanying with the suitable and tentative pharmaceutical legislations by the government and the supportive aids to the civilian enterprises in the productions, supplies and distributions of the materials and medicinal products.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed2004

[The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire for Japanese patients with head and neck cancer--the Japanese version of QLQ-H&N35].

Quality of life (QOL) is a generic principle applicable to all people with or without disabilities. The measurement of QOL has grown to become a standard endpoint in many randomised controlled trials (RCT) and other clinical studies. QOL is recognised as an important factor in assessing treatment outcome. The aim of this article is to present useful information for evaluating the situations of people with head and neck cancer. We introduce the EORTC's cancer specific core questionnaire (QLQ-C30 version 3.0) together with the specific QLQ-H&N35 module for the QOL measurement of Japanese patients with head and neck cancer, which has been forward-backward translated into Japanese and undergone a coordinated Pilot-test and cross-cultural adaptation. It has been accepted by the EORTC Quality of Life Group as a Japanese version of the QLQ-H&N35 module.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1991

[The second report on Japanese abroad with psychiatric problems: air transportation of Japanese with mental disorders in western Europe].

This is to report on airline travel processes experienced with two Japanese psychotics (schizophrenic) abroad who were treated by the local consulates of Japan, and escorted by Japanese psychiatrists from April to May in 1989. A comparative analysis was made of the two cases from the following six points of view: psychopathology concerning travel, psychiatric evaluation at the time of travel, access to local psychiatric medical services, trust between the patient and escorting physician, method of administering drugs, and cooperation in strategy with the airline company. Results indicate that the following three points are crucial in the air transportation of Japanese psychotics: 1) Establishment of patient-escorting physician trust relationship, 2) Adequate sedation through sufficient administration of tranquilizers, 3) Establishment of communication and close cooperation with the airline company.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Hypertension in Japanese Americans: the Seattle Japanese-American Community Diabetes Study.

AMONG SEATTLE'S JAPANESE AMERICANS, hypertension is associated with older age, male gender (in the younger age groups), glucose intolerance (impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes), and visceral obesity (measured by computed tomography). The gender difference in prevalence of hypertension is absent in those ages 65 to 74 and in those with diabetes. In the absence of diabetes, hypertension is not associated with fasting plasma insulin levels in the older second generation, but it is in the younger third generation. The association of hypertension with plasma insulin in the third generation may be due to the association between diabetes and plasma insulin and the presence of many prediabetic individuals in this generation. About three-fourths of Japanese Americans are aware of their hypertension, slightly more than half of hypertensive Japanese Americans are being treated with anti-hypertensive medication, and of those receiving anti-hypertensive medication, less than half have their hypertension controlled. Women tend to be less aware of hypertension, to receive anti-hypertensive medication less often, and to have their hypertension less well-controlled than men.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

T cell epitopes in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergens: choice of major T cell epitopes in Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 toward design of the peptide-based immunotherapeutics for the management of Japanese cedar pollinosis.

Japanese cedar pollinosis is caused by exposure to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen, of which two components, Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, are believed to be the major allergens. T cell lines specific to either Cry j 1 or rCry j 2 were reactive to various portions of each panel of overlapping peptides derived from Cry j 1 or Cry j 2. Two peptides, p211-225 and p108-120, from among six major T cell epitopes identified in Cry j 1 sequence, and three peptides, p182-200, p344-355, and p66-80, from among five in Cry j 2, were chosen to design an artificial polypeptide (named Cry-consensus) based on a difference among the types of the restriction molecules capable of presenting these peptides. After construction of a DNA encoding these peptides in order, Cry-consensus was expressed in Escherichia coli. Five of six T cell epitopes, except for Cry j 2 p344-355, in Cry-consensus were recognized by the T cell clones specific to each peptide. PBMC from allergic patients induced higher proliferation under stimulation from Cry-consensus than individual peptides. Eighty-eight percent of the PBMC (15 of 17) showed proliferation under the Cry-consensus stimulation. Thus, several major T cell epitopes from Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 can be chosen in the design of peptide-based immunotherapeutics for the management of Japanese cedar pollinosis in subjects having various types of HLA class II molecules.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Natural and experimental infections of Japanese tree sparrows with Japanese encephalitis virus.

20 to 37 per cent of wild Japanese tree sparrows had neutralizing antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Sparrows free of antibodies were inoculated with 10,000 plaque-forming units of JEV. None of the birds became clinically ill. Virus could be detected in blood plasma during the first 3 days after inoculation but not thereafter. Neutralizing antibodies started to appear at 4 days after inoculation and the response was of variable duration, in some cases extending up to 200 days after inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Japanese encephalitis in a 7-month-old Japanese boy.

A 7-month-old Japanese boy was diagnosed as having meningo-encephalitis with anterior horn cell damage. The complement fixation (CF) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests showed increased antibody titers against Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, but HI antibody in the mother's serum was not increased. It appears that the lack of JE-antibodies from the mother may have resulted in increased JE viral infectivity in the patient. A decrease in the incidence of antibodies against various viruses in women of childbearing age may lead to increased rates of severe viral infection in infants.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed2003

Antibody responses determined for Japanese dengue fever patients by neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition assays demonstrate cross-reactivity between dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses.

Titers of antibodies to infecting dengue virus serotypes determined by serum neutralization assay were higher than those of antibody to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in Japanese dengue patients after disease day 8. Titers of antibody to dengue virus antigens determined by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay were higher in only 1 of 23 serum specimens after disease day 11. Thus, the neutralization test is more reliable than the HI test for serological diagnosis of dengue in countries where JE vaccination is widely used or JE is endemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Dependence on the birth season of the level of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus in the Japanese population.

According to the frequency of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus the Japanese population born during the years of JE epidemic falls into 2 groups. The population born during the epidemic season of JE (from July to October) showed a lower rate of HI antibody positivity to JE virus than those born during the non-epidemic season (from November to June). This phenomenon was not related to the birth place of investigated subjects and was not related to JE vaccination.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1994

Partial nucleotide sequence of Japanese encephalitis virus ling strain genome and comparison of the encoded structural proteins and nonstructural protein NS1 among Japanese encephalitis virus strains.

Approximately 4000 nucleotides of the 5'-terminal portion of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) Ling strain genome were cloned and sequenced. This nucleotide sequence and its encoded C-PrM-E-NS1 polyprotein sequences were also compared with the corresponding sequences of other JE virus strains. Results demonstrated that the nucleotide sequence homology varied from 97.1 to 99.3% and the amino acid homology 98.6 to 98.9%. Based on homology, the Ling strain was closer to the Beijing-1 strain than to the SA14 and JaOArS982 strains. However, only on comparison of the E sequence, which neutralization, hemagglutination-inhibition and complement fixation antigenic determinants are located, between Ling and other JEV strains demonstrated that nucleotide sequence homology varied from 97.1% to 99.3% and amino acid homology from 98.6% to 99.2%. The Ling strain JEV is more closely related to the Beijing-1 strain than to the Nakayama NIH, SA14 and JaOArS982 strains in that order. Based on this analysis, the Taiwanese JEV strain appears to be more closely related to the Chinese strain than to the Japanese strain. Also, JEV strains isolated in humans are more closely related to each other than to JEV strains of mosquito isolates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Chimeric live, attenuated vaccine against Japanese encephalitis (ChimeriVax-JE): phase 2 clinical trials for safety and immunogenicity, effect of vaccine dose and schedule, and memory response to challenge with inactivated Japanese encephalitis antigen.

ChimeriVax-JE is a live, attenuated vaccine against Japanese encephalitis, using yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine as a vector. In a double-blind phase 2 trial, 99 adults received vaccine, placebo, or YF 17D vaccine (YF-VAX). ChimeriVax-JE was well tolerated, with no differences in adverse events between treatment groups. Viremias resulting from administration of ChimeriVax-JE and YF-VAX were of short duration and low titer; 82 (94%) of 87 subjects administered graded doses (1.8-5.8 log(10)) of ChimeriVax-JE developed neutralizing antibodies. A second dose, administered 30 days later, had no booster effect. Previous inoculation with YF did not interfere with ChimeriVax-JE, but there was a suggestion (not statistically significant) that ChimeriVax-JE interfered with YF-VAX administered 30 days later. A separate study explored immunological memory both in subjects who had received ChimeriVax-JE 9 months before and in ChimeriVax-JE-naive subjects challenged with inactivated mouse-brain vaccine (JE-VAX). Anamnestic responses were observed in preimmune individuals. ChimeriVax-JE appears to be a safe vaccine that provides protective levels of neutralizing antibody after a single dose.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Influence of baseline values on lipids, lipoproteins and fibrinolytic parameters during amlodipine treatment of hypertension in Japanese patients.

Twenty-four Japanese hypertensive patients of both sexes, grouped as having 'medium' and 'high' baseline total lipid values, had their serum lipids, lipoproteins and plasma fibrinolytic parameters, renin and noradrenaline levels determined after 3 months of amlodipine treatment. For the patients with 'medium baseline values', total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and t-PA-PAI-1 complex levels decreased, while the changes in lipids and lipoproteins were not significant after amlodipine treatment. For the patients with 'high baseline values', the mean triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC) levels were reduced while the reductions in total and free PAI-1 and the increase in tissue plasminogen (t-PA) levels were not significant after amlodipine treatment. Negative correlations were observed between t-PA and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and HDLC/total cholesterol (TC) ratio in the patients with 'medium baseline values' while t-PA positively correlated with HDLC/TC ratio in patients with 'high baseline values'. The mean levels of renin and noradrenaline remained unchanged before and after amlodipine treatment in the two baseline groups. These findings show that baseline lipid levels of the hypertensive patients could influence lipids and fibrinolytic parameters differently during amlodipine treatment. The baseline lipid levels also influenced the metabolic association between lipids and fibrinolytic function in hypertensive patients during amlodipine treatment. The baseline total lipid values could therefore provide explanations for the complex metabolic interaction between lipids and fibrinolytic function as well as for the antiatherogenic actions of amlodipine treatment in hypertensive patients.

Aged↗