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PubMed1987

Cancer patterns among Koreans in Japan, Koreans in Korea and Japanese in Japan in relation to life style factors.

Cancer incidences for major sites were compared among Koreans in Osaka, Japan, Koreans in Korea and Japanese in Osaka by calculating standardized proportional incidence ratios (SPIR's), in addition to updating the findings on cancer mortality experiences of Koreans and Japanese in Osaka reported before. Compared with Japanese, Koreans in Osaka had significantly higher mortality rates from cancers of the esophagus, liver and lung in males, and liver in females. Mortality rates among Koreans in Osaka were significantly lower for stomach cancer in both sexes and for breast cancer in females. Compared with Korean counterparts in the homeland, Koreans in Osaka had a reduced risk for cancers of the stomach in males and the uterus in females. On the other hand, an elevated risk was observed for cancers of the esophagus, colon, liver and lung among Korean males in Osaka and for cancers of the colon and liver among Korean females in Osaka. The risk for cancer of the breast in females was similar among Koreans in the host and home countries. These different cancer patterns among Koreans in the host and home countries and Japanese are discussed in relation to their life styles, such as smoking, drinking and dietary habits, which have been investigated by means of questionnaire surveys.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Coma at the onset of young insulin-dependent diabetes in Japan. The results of a nationwide survey. Japan and Pittsburgh Childhood Diabetes Research Groups.

The descriptive epidemiology of diabetic coma at onset was investigated in a nationwide survey of insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) children (age at onset less than 18 yr) throughout Japan for the years 1970-81. Of the 1172 cases, 148 (12.6%) were unconscious at onset. Diabetic coma was highly associated with abnormalities in the biochemical variables. There was no sex difference in the frequency of coma; however, there was an inverse association with age wherein children under 5 yr of age were approximately two times more likely to present in coma than older children. There was a strong association with reported infections wherein patients with coma were more than twice as likely to report infection than patients without coma. It seemed that the frequency of coma did not decline during the study period. The risk of dying at onset was very high; diabetic children in coma (4.7%) were 12 times more likely to die than patients without coma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical statistical study of lung cancer patients in Japan with special reference to the staging system of TNM classification: a report from the Japan Joint Committee of Lung Cancer associated with the TNM System of Clinical Classification (UICC).

In 1978, after having conducted clinical field trials, the TNM Committee of Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) decided on an uniform system for the classification of lung cancer. The Japan Joint Committee of Lung Cancer (JCC) has continued to conduct field studies recommended by UICC, and since then has completed its third series carried out at 149 participating institutions. In this third series, the case records of 4,931 lung cancer patients were submitted for analysis. A clinical staging system of these findings was then set up, arranged in the TNM classification. As a result of this work, some improvements were made in the staging system. And JCC will now propose these changes, given as follows, to UICC for consideration: Occult Cancer: TX N0 M0 Stage I: T1 N0 M0, T2 N0 M0 Stage II: T0 N1 M0, T1 N1 M0, T2 N1 M0 Stage III: T3 N0 M0, T3 N1 M0, Any T N2 M0 Stage IV: Any T, Any N M1 The factors influencing the prognosis of patients with lung cancer (Yoshimura et al., 1982 (b)) (which include age, sex, histological type, modality of treatment and type of clinical staging used) were then re-evaluated. The results of this evaluation suggest an improved 5-year survival rate when using multi-modality treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Interhospital differences in cancer survivals in Japan. The Research Group for Population-based Cancer Registration in Japan.

The present study was an investigation of variations in cancer survival rates among hospitals in Japan, focusing in particular on the number of hospital beds as an institutional characteristic. Using data from 11 population-based cancer registries, the three-year survival rates for stomach cancer (n 1665), colorectal cancer (n 1090) and lung cancer (n 895) patients diagnosed in 1985 were calculated according to three different hospital categories (100-299, 300-499, 500+ beds). Cox's proportional hazards model was conducted, with adjustments for sex, age, clinical stage at diagnosis and treatment status, excluding patients who had been detected by screening (asymptomatic cases). The stomach and lung cancer patients treated in small hospitals (100-299 beds) were at a significantly higher risk of death than those treated in large hospitals (500+ beds) (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-1.65; HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.13-1.77, respectively). Similar findings were observed among colorectal cancer patients although they were not statistically significant. The findings can provide some information useful for the development of future public health policies aimed at controlling cancer mortality rates in our country.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A study on the prevalence of bronchial asthma in school children in western districts of Japan--comparison between the studies in 1982 and in 1992 with the same methods and same districts. The Study Group of the Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma, the West Japan Study Group of Bronchial Asthma].

UNLABELLED: The prevalence of bronchial asthma in school children was examined both in 1982 (55,388 children) and in 1992 (45,674 children) in 11 western districts of Japan. Both studies were conducted with the same Japanese version of a modified ATS-DLD children's questionnaire in the same districts. RESULTS: 1) The study in 1992 established a prevalence rate of 5.6% in males and 3.5% in females with an overall average of 4.6%, which was 1.4 times higher than that of 10 years ago. The higher prevalence was observed in every grade of school children and in all districts. 2) The study in 1992 showed no differences based on the grades of the school children were in. The prevalence rate in males was 1.6 times higher than that in females with fewer regional differences than in the 1982 study. 3) Higher prevalence rates were found in those who had histories of respiratory diseases during their infancy, family histories of allergic disease or who lived in urban areas. The prevalence rate was 13.3% in children living in urban areas with family histories of bronchial asthma. 4) The prevalence rate of wheezing was 5.2%, which was 1.3 times higher than that of 10 years ago. The rate had increased in every district, but it decreased as the children moved into higher grades.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Adenovirus surveillance, 1982-1993, Japan. A report of the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Agents in Japan.

The Infectious Agents Surveillance Center, the National Institute of Health, Japan, received 17,265 reports from 1982 to 1993 on cases from whom adenovirus was isolated or detected; 85% from 57 public health institutes and the other 15% from two national hospitals and two commercial diagnostic laboratories. The followings were found. Three major diseases caused by adenovirus were upper respiratory tract infection, gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis. Patients of upper respiratory tract infection numbered 6,837 (40% of all patients due to adenovirus), the identified serotypes being in order of frequency types 3, 2, 1, and 5. Those of gastroenteritis numbered 1,636 (9.5%). From 40% of the gastroenteritis patients, adenovirus was detected by electron microscopy or immunochemical methods without cultivation. From the remaining 60%, virus was isolated in tissue culture; the serotypes of the isolates resembled those causing upper respiratory tract infection. Patients of conjunctivitis numbered 3,437 (20%), the frequency being in order of types 3, 4, 8, 37, and 19. Conjunctivitis due to types 3 and 4 prevailed every summer; type 3 was isolated often from children with pharyngo-conjunctival fever and the other four types were mostly from adults with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Type 3 had a unique feature not seen in other types: it was most frequently isolated, causing upper respiratory tract infection, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, and pharyngo-conjunctival fever. Reports on isolation of type 7, which has been reported to cause severe pneumonia in many other countries, were as few as 28 (0.2%).

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2005

The selection of pancreatic reconstruction techniques gives rise to higher incidences of morbidity: results of the 30th Japan Pancreatic Surgery Questionnaire Survey on pancreatoduodenectomy in Japan.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the impact of the surgical strategy used for pancreatic reconstruction on morbidity after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all surgeon members of the Japan Pancreatic Surgery Club in December 2002. RESULTS: We received 152 replies, and the data from all of them were used in the analysis. Thirty-six percent of the 152 responders performed PD and selected from among two or more pancreatic reconstruction techniques (PRTs). PRT selection was used no more frequently in the high- and medium-hospital-volume institutions than in low-hospital-volume institutions (25% or 37% vs 35%). The incidence of both "all arterial hemorrhage" and "delayed arterial hemorrhage" after PD in the institutions that used multiple PRTs was significantly higher than that in the institutions where only a single PRT was used (4.2% vs 2.2%, and 3.3% vs 1.5%, respectively; P < 0.05). In the high- and medium-hospital-volume institutions, the incidence of all arterial hemorrhage after PD in the multiple-PRT institutions was significantly higher than that in the single-PRT institutions (4.0% vs 1.9%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the low-hospital-volume institutions, the incidence of delayed arterial hemorrhage, 7 or more days after PD, was clearly higher in the multiple-PRT institutions than in the single-PRT institutions (4.1% vs 1.4%; P = 0.056). Therefore, the hospital-case volumes of PD were distributed as practice-case volumes according to the PRT by the selection of PRTs, and PRT selection gave rise to higher incidences of morbidity as a result of pancreatic leakage after PD. CONCLUSIONS: The hospital-case-volume - better outcome relation for PD was attributable to expert pancreatic reconstruction skills that can be mastered only through frequent repetition.

Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1990

Clinical study of pirarubicin for breast cancer in Japan. Clinical Study Group of THP for Breast Cancer in Japan.

The efficacy and toxicity of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin (THP) were assessed in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer by the Japan THP Study Group. Mean plasma levels of THP after single-dose administration revealed triexponential decay characterized by an initial half-life of 0.89 h. A higher concentration of THP was obtained in the metastatic lymph nodes than in the breast cancer tissue at 4 h after administration (4.01 vs. 1.17 micrograms/g). Whereas 1 complete (CR) and 12 partial response (PR) were observed in 56 evaluable patients after administration of THP alone (23.2%), 1 CR and 12 PR were observed in 37 evaluable patients who had combination therapy including THP (35.1%). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factor revealed that the site of metastases had the most valuable prognostic significance; second was irradiation in the previous treatment, and third was the disease-free interval. Life-table analysis adjusted with the Cox proportional hazard model revealed a similar survival curve of patients receiving THP-cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) to that of those receiving CAF only in spite of the low incidence of toxicity in the THP therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors for mortality of individuals with IDDM in Japan: population-based case-control study. Diabetes Epidemiology Research International (DERI) US-Japan Mortality Study Group.

The aim of this population-based, one-to-one matched-pair case-control study was to evaluate the factors concerning the markedly increased risk for dying among Japanese subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) from a social and behavioural perspective. The study was based on the population-based cohort of IDDM subjects in the Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Mortality Study. We studied 90 cases who died and 90 living control subjects, selected from the rest of the cohort, who were matched for sex, birth year, year of diagnosis and duration of diabetes. Socioeconomic and behavioural status were surveyed through a questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analyses based on 55 respondent pairs revealed that the better educated patients (year of completing education: odds ratio = 0.66) who kept the same physician (number of times a patient changed physician: odds ratio = 2.77) and who attended a clinic specializing in diabetes (attendance at university hospital clinic: odds ratio = 0.18) injecting insulin several times a day (number of injections, odds ratio = 0.31) and more frequently attending the clinic (> or = 12 times per year, odds ratio = 0.23) were at substantially lower risk of death. The results begin to profile the patients with the highest risk of dying who could be identified earlier and undergo intervention treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Vascular complications in patients with aldosterone producing adenoma in Japan: comparative study with essential hypertension. The Research Committee of Disorders of Adrenal Hormones in Japan.

The incidence of vascular complications in 224 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) which was proven on adrenal surgery, was compared to that in 224 sex- and age-matched patients with essential hypertension (EHT). The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the patients with APA when compared to the EHT group. On the other hand, the incidence of myocardial infarction and/or congestive heart failure in the APA group was lower, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Diastolic blood pressure in the APA group was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the EHT group. However, a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure was not detected between the APA groups with and without vascular complications, whereas in the EHT group diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in cases with vascular complications as compared to those without complications. As a possible factor contributing to the higher incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in the APA group, proteinuria was suggested. It was recommended that patients with primary aldosteronism should undergo operation when localization of the APA is established.

Adenoma↗