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PubMed1986

[Effect of patient markers and interview procedures on admission to therapy--a catamnestic study of the initial psychotherapeutic interview].

This investigation concerns the individual and institutional factors which play a role in the stratification of therapy and in the selection of patients. To this end, six to eight years after the initial interviews, a catamnestic investigation on one hundred patients was carried out at the Giessen Centre for Psychosomatic Medicine. Identified as variables with a potential for influencing the further career of the patient were individual attributes of the patient and characteristic features of the therapist-patient interaction during the initial interview. A step-by-step multiple correlation analysis was employed to investigate combinations of characteristics in patient and interaction which contribute to the optimal prognosis concerning the variables "admission" and "no admission" to psychotherapy. The combination of predictors is summarized in the case history of a patient in whom suffering has produced a high level of stress, who experiences the disorder as syntonic with his personality, and who possesses a certain ego-strength with regard to self-esteem as well as conceptions of alteration. Such personality traits contribute to the active attempt at finding therapy facilities but simultaneously, in the light of current therapeutic techniques, they are considered desirable qualities in the patient. Thus, there is an interference between the process of decision in the patient and the prognosis-oriented selection of patients within the psychosocial establishment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Health care reform and nursing's window of opportunity: an interview with Connie Curran. Interview by Terran Warren Sims.

The debate over how changes expected in health care reform will affect the role of nursing in providing patient care is the hottest topic in nursing circles this year. Clearly, patient care will not be delivered in the same manner 5 years from now as it is today. In this interview, Connie Curran, EdD, RN, FAAN, editor of Nursing Economic$ and a highly regarded nursing consultant, discusses many aspects of the health care reform debate, including the future of academic health centers, nursing's and medicine's role in shaping the language of health care reform, the battle for fewer jobs, paths of professional development, and effects of reform on nursing research. Dr. Curran, who will serve as keynote speaker for ANNA's 25th Anniversary National Symposium in Dallas, TX this June, was interviewed by ANNA President Terran Warren Sims at the Nursing Economic$ office in Washington, DC. The former executive director of the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE), Dr. Curran has lectured on the effects of health care reform to audiences around the country. She is currently serving a 1-year appointment as a senior scholar in residence at the Institute of Medicine, which is studying various aspects of health care reform.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1996

Designing surveys for maximal satisfaction:an interview with Allyson Ross Davies. Interview by Maggie Kennedy.

The usefulness of patient feedback data depends in large part on the relevance and effectiveness of the feedback mechanism used-whether a satisfaction survey, focus group, or one-on-one interview. In the following interview conducted in March 1996, Allyson Ross Davies, PhD, MPH, discusses an approach for designing a patient satisfaction survey that will help organizations gather useful information for improvement activities and other organizational activities.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression: diagnostic interview schedule and schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up.

BACKGROUND: The field of psychiatric epidemiology continues to employ self-report instruments, but the low degree of agreement between diagnoses achieved using these instruments vs. that achieved by psychiatrists in the clinical modality threatens the credibility of the results. METHODS: In the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up, 349 individuals who had a Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) interview were blindly examined by psychiatrists using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Comparisons were made at the level of diagnosis, syndrome, and DSM-IV symptom group. Indexes of agreement were computed and characteristics of discrepant cases were identified. RESULTS: Agreement on diagnosis of major depressive disorder was only fair (kappa = 0.20), with the DIS missing many cases judged to meet criteria for diagnosis using the SCAN (29% sensitivity). A major source of discrepancy was respondents with false-negative diagnoses who repeatedly failed to report DIS symptoms attributed to life crises or medical conditions. Older age, male sex, and lower impairment were associated with underdetection by the DIS, using logistic regression analysis. In spite of the diagnostic discrepancy, there was substantial correlation in numbers of symptom groups in the 2 modalities (r = 0.49). Agreement was highest (about 55% sensitivity and 90% specificity) when both the SCAN and DIS thresholds were set at the level of depression syndrome instead of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Weak agreement at the level of diagnosis continues to threaten the credibility of estimates of prevalence of specific disorders. A bias toward underreporting, as well as stronger agreement at the level of the depression syndrome and on ordinal measures of depressive symptoms, suggests that associations with risk factors are conservative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Interviews with HIV seropositive subjects identified at the time of blood donation: consequences for pre-donation interviews].

This study is based upon an interview with 31 individuals recently detected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive through the systematic screening of blood donations. The location of the blood donation, the type of blood donor, the risk of HIV infection, were established. Questions dealt with the use of blood donation as a diagnosis test and on the notion of an oral or written self-exclusion before the blood donation. The majority of the individuals had a classical risk factor of HIV infection and had given blood for serological testing. This data can allow an adaptation of the medical interview preceding the blood donation to the present epidemiological context of HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The evolution of tobacco use and control in the United States: an interview with Dr. John Farquhar. Interview by Jamie Hwang.

Dr John Farquhar begins the interview by describing the history and evolution of tobacco use in the United States, in particular the technological advances contributing to the explosive increase in tobacco consumption and the various phases documenting the rise and decline of smoking. Subsequently, Dr Farquhar explains the effectiveness of tobacco control policies, the type of evidence that was influential in generating public awareness about smoking as a health risk, the effect of community-based interventions, the effect of the environment on smoking patterns, the role of governmental health plans and insurance corporations within the antitobacco movement, reimbursement for smoking cessation treatments, and lessons for Japan's campaign against smoking. One of Dr Farquhar's main points throughout the interview is the significance of a professional community's leadership in educating the general public. Although the availability of scientific data generated awareness among physicians and scientists, the actions of health professionals were instrumental in creating policies and setting an example for the community as a whole.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed2005

Interview with Jeffrey Bronfman, representative mestre for the União do Vegetal Church in the United States. Interview by Marlene Dobkin de Rios and Charles S Grob.

A telephone interview was held in November of 2004 with Mr. Jeffrey Bronfman, representative mestre for the União do Vegetal Church in the United States, which utilizes ayahuasca as a religious sacrament. At the time of this writing, the U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to hear a case in which a large quantity of the ayahuasca tea was seized in the U.S. destined for sacramental use in church ritual. Mr. Bronfman discusses his church's attempt to seek remediation in the courts on this freedom of religion issue, in conflict with current drug legislation outlawing the ayahuasca tea as a scheduled drug.

Banisteriopsis↗
PubMed2004

Wrestling with variation: an interview with Jack Wennberg [interviewed by Fitzhugh Mullan].

For thirty years Jack Wennberg has studied variations in medical practice, from rates of tonsillectomy in Vermont villages in the 1970s to the cost of dying in the nation's major medical centers today. Along the way he has spawned the field of clinical evaluative science, created the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care, stimulated the creation of a new federal agency (the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality), and challenged many presumptions about what constitutes good medical care. In this interview with Fitzhugh Mullan, he reflects on health care reform and how to change clinical practice.

Interviews as Topic↗
PubMed1995

Toichiro Kuwabara on Dave Cogan. An interview. Interview by Sally Smith Hughes.

In this interview, Dr. Kuwabara recounts his first meeting with Dr. Cogan and describes his work at the Howe Laboratory, their pioneering research on diabetic retinopathy, histochemical and electronmicroscopical studies. This warm recollection exemplifies the mutual respect and deep friendship between Drs. Kuwabara and Cogan.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1991

Mildred Codding: an interview with Cushing's medical artist. Interview by Matthew R. Moore, John Shillito Jr., Eugene Rossitch Jr..

Mildred Codding was Dr. Harvey Cushing's medical illustrator and was closely involved with many of his original articles and books. From a recent interview with her we gained many insights into life as a medical artist for the father of modern neurosurgery, both in and outside of the operating room. The artistic drawing techniques of Miss Codding and Dr. Cushing are compared.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2002

Dual Diagnosis Motivational Interviewing: a modification of Motivational Interviewing for substance-abusing patients with psychotic disorders.

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a brief treatment approach for helping patients develop intrinsic motivation to change addictive behaviors. While initially developed to target primary substance using populations, professionals are increasingly recognizing the promise this approach has for addressing the motivational dilemmas faced by patients who have co-occurring psychiatric and psychoactive substance use disorders. Unfortunately, this recognition has not lead to a clear explication of how MI might be adopted for specific diagnostic populations of dually diagnosed patients. In this article we describe how we have applied the principles and practices of MI to patients who have psychotic disorders and co-occurring drug or alcohol use problems. Specifically, we provide two supplemental guidelines to augment basic MI principles (adopting an integrated dual diagnosis approach, accommodating cognitive impairments and disordered thinking). We present recommended modifications to primary MI skill sets (simplifying open-ended questions, refining reflective listening skills, heightening emphasis on affirmation, integrating psychiatric issues into personalized feedback and decisional balance matrices). Finally, we highlight other clinical considerations (handling psychotic exacerbation and crisis events, recommended professional qualifications) when using MI with psychotic disordered dually diagnosed patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV/AIDS care in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: an interview with Dr. Leana Uys. Interviewed by Ellen Giarelli and Linda A. Jacobs.

Human suffering from the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa has reached unprecedented proportions. In 1998, an estimated 50% of all new infections in sub-Saharan Africa occurred in South Africa; and it is predicted that by the year 2003, South Africa will be experiencing a negative population growth. Besides the toll in human lives, the estimated cost for basic care and prevention services in Africa is 10 times the current expenditure. Three unique factors are critical in the South African HIV/AIDS epidemic: HIV transmission patterns, the effect of this disease on women and children, and the role that traditional healers play in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. In a recent interview, Dr. Leana Uys, an educational leader in the School of Nursing at the University of Natal in Durban, Republic of South Africa, provided an insightful perspective on HIV/AIDS policies and related sociocultural issues that have a direct effect on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. She communicated her personal experiences as well as the experiences of South African nurses working as caregivers, educators, and policy makers with AIDS patients and their families in KwaZulu-Natal.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1999

Interviewing as communication: an alternative way of administering the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children.

Parents of 24 children referred to an outpatient psychology clinic (mean child age 10.8, range 6-15) were administered the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DSIC-2.3) twice in a 1-week test-retest reliability design (mean retesting interval = 7.5 days, range = 6-11 days). An alternative mode of administration of the DISC, based on communication principles, was used, involving (a) a schematic representation of the areas to be covered; (b) definition of a common language for the categories, diagnoses, and criteria; and (c) the respondent being allowed to select the order in which the diagnostic areas were covered. The DISC items and modules were unchanged. Symptom scores derived from the DISC were highly reliable over 1 week (average ICC = .85, range = .67-.95) and showed no attenuation from Time 1 to Time 2. Reliability of DSM diagnoses averaged kappa = .80 (range = .63-1.0). There was no significant attenuation in diagnoses from Time 1 to Time 2. Overall, this alternative way of administering the DISC appears to have promise for reducing attenuation and boosting the reliability-and ultimately the validity--of child psychiatric diagnoses. Further investigations of the mechanisms underlying these effects, and further studies with child and adolescent respondents and nonreferred community samples are recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Touch Research Institutes: an interview with Dr Tiffany Field (interview by Peter Mackereth).

The following paper reports on a recent visit to the Touch Research Institutes (TRI) based at the University of Miami School of Medicine. The main purpose of making the journey was to participate in a 3-day Research Training Workshop. The paper will first provide a brief overview of the history and work of the TRI. There will then be an interview with Dr Tiffany Field, the TRI founder and Director, and finally accounts of the workshop experience itself and a visit to one of Miami's foremost schools of massage therapy: 'Educating Hands'.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2005

An interview with André M. Weitzenhofer, Ph.D., Sc.B., Sc.M., M.A. Interview by Michael D. Yapko.

The hypnosis world recently lost one of its giant figures, André Weitzenhoffer. Dr. Weitzenhoffer devoted almost his entire professional life to the study of hypnosis and hypnotic phenomena. While almost everyone in the field is familiar with his many professional contributions, not as many had the privilege of hearing the man speak candidly about his career and personal views. This is a transcript of an interview with André Weitzenhoffer conducted by Michael Yapko in 1988. In it he describes his personal history and how his interest in hypnosis began, how the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales came about, why he feels the Scales are irrelevant in clinical practice, his views on Milton Erickson, and a number of other topics of general interest.

Attitude↗
PubMed2005

Interview with Guillermo Arrévalo, a Shipibo urban shaman, by Roger Rumrrill. Interview by Roger Rumrrill.

Roger Rumrrill, a journalist headquartered in Lima, Peru who is a noted expert on the Peruvian Amazon, interviewed Guillermo Arrévalo, a Shipibo urban shaman in Pucallpa, who utilizes ayahuasca in curing rituals. Sr. Arrévalo comments on the phenomenon known as drug tourism, where urban men and women provide tours for foreigners, for a price, to experience drug-induced mystical experiences in urban settings like Iquitos and Pucallpa, Peru, as well as in Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador. Arrévalo distinguishes between folkloric shamanism and touristic practices which are currently in vogue and, in his opinion, are the result of people trying to resolve personal problems. Arrévalo sees a spiritual and psychological crisis in Europe and North American society. The Shipibo shaman laments the misuse of toxic plants as additives to the ayahuasca potion and the damage that these plants cause to the unsuspecting tourist who doesn't really get his money's worth from shamans without experience, people who are liars and cheats and who don't have the capacity, the preparation or the boldness to do the work.

Banisteriopsis↗
PubMed1995

Harnessing harm reduction in Australia: an interview with the Hon. Neal Blewett. Interview by Steve Allsop.

The National Campaign Against Drug Abuse (NCADA) was established in April 1985. Aiming to provide a national framework to minimize the harmful consequences of drug use, the original 3-year programme was extended to 1997. A key figure in the NCADA, Dr Neal Blewett, was interviewed to gain his perspective on the development and implementation of the Campaign over its first 10 years.

Interview↗