Integrin-mediated functional polarization of Caco-2 cells through E-cadherin--actin complexes.
Enterocyte differentiation is a dynamic process during which reinforcement of cell-cell adhesion favours migration along the crypt-to-villus axis. Functional polarization of Caco-2 cells, the most commonly used model to study intestinal differentiation, is assessed by dome formation and tightness of the monolayer and is under the control of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, our biochemical and confocal microscopy data demonstrate that the ECM dramatically reinforces E-cadherin targeting to the upper lateral membrane, formation of the apical actin cytoskeleton and its colocalization with E-cadherin in functional complexes. In our model, these effects were produced by native laminin-5-enriched ECM as well as by type IV collagen or laminin 2, which suggests a common pathway of induction through integrin receptors. Indeed, these effects were antagonized by blocking anti-beta1- and anti-alpha6-integrin antibodies and directly induced by a stimulating anti-beta1-integrin antibody. These results demonstrate that integrin-dependent cell to ECM adhesion reinforces E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion in Caco-2 cells and further support the notion that enterocyte differentiation is supported by a molecular crosstalk between the two adhesion systems of the cell.