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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effects of intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride on neurohypophyseal activity: implications for behavioral studies.

Intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride (LiCl) were found to increase the activity of vasopressin-neurons and oxytocin-neurons as indexed by rises in plasma concentrations of vasopressin-associated neurophysin (VP-RNP) and oxytocin-associated neurophysin (OT-RNP). Plasma VP-RNP increased 12 and 4 times basal levels (greater than or equal to 20 fmol/ml) reaching values of 248 +/- 37 fmol/ml (3.0 mEq LiCl/kg body weight) and 89 +/- 10 fmol/ml (1.5 mEq LiCl/kg body weight) at 60 minutes. OT-RNP rose to 37-and 10-times basal levels (greater than or equal to 20 fmol/ml) with peak values of 749 +/- 100 fmol/ml and 188 +/- 48 fmol/ml ten minutes following injection of 3.0 or 1.5 mEq LiCl/kg body weight. Mean arterial pressure increased in response to lithium treatment by 31 +/- 6 mm Hg at 60 minutes in rats receiving 3.0 mEq LiCl/kg and by 22.5 +/- 5 mm Hg at 10 minutes in rats receiving 1.5 mEq LiCl/kg over pretreatment values (125 +/- 3 mm Hg). Heart rate decreased from a pretreatment value of 422 +/- 12 beats/min to 367 +/- 48 beats/min at 10 minutes and to 341 +/- 27 beats/min at 20 minutes for rats treated with the high and low dose of lithium, respectively. These findings suggest that the behavioral effects of LiCl could result from multiple mechanisms and involve its acute release of vasopressin and oxytocin. It is also possible that changes in cardiovascular function may act as cues when LiCl is used as an aversive stimulus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Micronucleus test with methyl methanesulfonate administered by intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage.

The effects of 2 routes of administration, intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and oral gavage (p.o.), in the micronucleus test were evaluated using methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and 2 strains of mice (MS/Ae and CD-1). A small-scale acute toxicity study and a pilot micronucleus experiment were carried out first. On the basis of the results obtained, a final micronucleus test was performed at doses of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg (i.p.) and 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg (p.o.), with a 24-h sampling time. MMS induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in both routes in both mouse strains under the conditions used. At 40 and 80 mg/kg, MMS induced a higher number of MNPCEs by the i.p. route in both strains. A 160 mg/kg MMS dose induced higher numbers of MNPCEs by the p.o. route in MS/Ae mice. The route-related difference with MMS on the basis of mg/kg disappeared when the difference was determined on the basis of a ratio of the LD50. In practice, both i.p. and p.o. routes are acceptable as routes of administration in the micronucleus test using this chemical.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Reduced sleep in cats after intraperitoneal injection of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP).

The effect of intraperitoneally injected delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) on sleep-wakefulness in cats was studied using EEG, EMG and EOG recording for 10 h following 30 nmol/kg DSIP or control saline i.p. injections. DSIP reduced the amount of sleep, specifically light slow-wave sleep and REM sleep, and REM sleep latency was increased. The results suggest that in cats with redundancy sleep DSIP increases wakefulness at the cost of light slow-wave sleep, and in addition it has a specific REM-reducing effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A kindling model of epilepsy induced by intraperitoneal injection of coriaria lactone in rats].

Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Intraperitoneal injections of various doses of coriaria lactone (CL, 0.75, 1.25, 1.75, and 2.0 mg/kg) and normal saline were given respectively per 2 days. The behavior of the rats was observed and the ECoG was recorded by telemetric method. The results of experiments show that a kindling model of epilepsy can be established by intraperitoneal injection of CL in rats. This chronic experimental model is of value for application because it is easily established and the rate of being kindled is relatively high, but the mortality is low, and the kindling effect can last well. The model can avert the pathological change caused by artificial injury to brain, so it is advantageous to the research on neurochemistry and ultrastructure. In our experimental condition, it is optimal to select 1.25 mg/kg or 1.75 mg/kg as the dosage of CL for establishing kindling model.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Basal metabolism of intraperitoneally injected carrier-free 74As-labeled arsenate in rabbits.

The time-dependent occurrence of [74As]arsenate metabolites in Flemish Giant rabbits was investigated. As absorbed rapidly, reaching maximal concentrations in plasma and packed cells after 30 min and 2 hr, respectively. The [74As]arsenate in plasma and packed cells was reduced to [74As]arsenite, to 35 and 50% of the total 74As, respectively. The concentration of methylated As species in plasma and packed cells increased rapidly after 30 min. About 18% of total plasma 74As maximally bound to transferrin. Two-thirds of total 74As in packed cells bound to hemoglobin. Whereas little or no [74As]monomethylarsonic acid, one of the main As metabolites in humans, could be found in other animals, it is present in measurable amounts in the Flemish Giant. Furthermore, the plasma clearance rate of 74As species is lower than that in other rabbits and more similar to that of humans. The tissue 74As distribution varied widely with the highest concentrations in kidneys, liver, and lungs. 74As accumulated in bone whereas other tissues and blood showed rapid clearance rates. In muscle and heart an important part of arsenic was associated with components insoluble in phosphate-buffered isotonic saline. Binding of arsenic to soluble tissue proteins was most important in the kidneys, liver, and spleen. [74As]Arsenate metabolites were detected in all tissues. The relative amounts of [74As]arsenite or [74As]monomethylarsonic acid seldom exceeded 15% of total tissue 74As. The proportion of [74As]dimethylarsenic acid in the low molecular 74As fraction increased steadily. Substantial amounts of [74As]monomethylarsonic acid were found in the tissues..

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Biotransformation of acrolein in rat: excretion of mercapturic acids after inhalation and intraperitoneal injection.

Biotransformation of acrolein (ACR) was studied in vivo in the rat following inhalation and ip administration. The major and minor urinary metabolites were 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (HPMA) and 2-carboxyethylmercapturic acid (CEMA), respectively. Male Wistar rats were exposed to ACR, 23, 42, 77 and 126 mg/m3, for 1 hr. The sum of mercapturic acids HPMA and CEMA excreted within 24 hr after the exposure amounted to 0.87 +/- 0.12, 1.34 +/- 0.5, 2.81 +/- 1.15, and 7.13 +/- 1.56 mumol/kg, i.e., 10.9 +/- 1.5, 13.3 +/- 5.0, 16.7 +/- 6.9, and 21.5 +/- 4.8% of the estimated absorbed dose, respectively. The dose estimate was based on reported values of minute respiratory volume and respiratory tract retention and was corrected for the ACR-induced changes in minute respiratory volume. In the relevant dose range (8.9 to 35.7 mumol/kg) the portion of mercapturic acids excreted was nearly constant for ip exposed rats. The sum of HPMA and CEMA amounted to 29.1 +/- 6.5% of the dose. These results indicate that the deficiency in rat lung metabolism of ACR to acrylic acid previously observed is not compensated by the other detoxication pathway in vivo, mercapturic acid formation. The health hazard arising from inhalation of ACR is likely to be higher than that from other routes of exposure.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1986

Pronounced antitumor effect of LAK-like cells induced in the peritoneal cavity of mice after intraperitoneal injection of OK-432, a killed streptococcal preparation.

More than 80% of BALB/c mice bearing BAMC-1 ascites tumor were completely cured after five consecutive (once every 2 days) i.p. injections of a 0.1 mg dose of OK-432, beginning on day 2 after tumor implantation. The antitumor effect of OK-432 was abolished in athymic nu/nu mice and in anti-thymocyte globulin-treated euthymic BALB/c mice, so although OK-432 treatment did increase the length of survival, all animals eventually died as a result of tumor growth. When peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), obtained on day 12 from OK-432-treated BAMC-1-bearing euthymic mice were evaluated for in vivo tumor neutralization activity, all mice receiving an i.p. injection of the admixture of the nonadherent PEC (1 X 10(7) cells) with BAMC-1 cells (1 X 10(5)) survived for more than 60 days. When the same nonadherent PEC (1 X 10(7) cells) were i.p. transferred adoptively 1 day after the inoculation of 1 X 10(5) BAMC-1 tumor cells, again all mice survived. When these in vivo active PEC were tested for cytotoxicity in vitro against fresh BAMC-1 tumor cells, natural killer (NK) sensitive syngeneic RL male 1, NK-sensitive allogeneic YAC-1 cells, NK-resistant syngeneic Meth-A cells, allogeneic tumor cells (EL4, B16, and P815) and xenogenic human cells, the PEC were found to be capable of lysing BAMC-1 tumor cells together with almost all of the other tumor cells, including NK-resistant cells. Nonadherent PEC contained at least two subpopulations of killer cells. One, directed to syngeneic BAMC-1 cells, was both Thy1.2 and asialo GM1 positive, and another, directed to allogeneic YAC-1 cells, was asialo GM1 positive but Thy1.2 negative. A cold target inhibition assay also suggested the presence of more than two subpopulations. These results indicate that T cells play a determined role in the immunotherapeutic effect of OK-432 on BALB/c mice bearing BAMC-1 tumor, although the participation of activated macrophages could not be excluded. The cells responsible for killing BAMC-1 and other tumor cells appearing in the PEC on day 12 were characterized as containing at least two kinds of lymphokine-activated killer cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Infection of DBA/2 or C3H/HeJ mice by intraperitoneal injection of vaccinia virus elicits activated macrophages, cytolytic and cytostatic for S91-melanoma tumor cells.

Murine peritoneal macrophages harvested 3-4 days after IP injection of vaccinia virus lysed S91-melanoma tumor cells in vitro; enhanced tumoricidal activity was measured with effector macrophages prepared 5-6 days after vaccinia virus infection. Treatment of virus-elicited macrophages prepared from DBA/2 mice with anti-asialo-GM1 antiserum, anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum or anti-Iad antiserum in the presence of complement so that cells sensitized with antibodies were lysed, did not reduce the measured level of tumoricidal activity indicating that macrophages [Ia(-); asialo GM1(-)] and not natural killer cells [asialo GM1(+); Thy 1.2(+/-)] or T-cells [Thy 1.2(+)] were responsible for mediating the lysis of S91-melanoma tumor cells. When incubated with virus-elicited macrophages but not thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, the ability of S91-melanoma tumor cells. to synthesize DNA was completely blocked. The results of these experiments support the view that one aspect of antitumor immunity enhanced during immunotherapy with vaccinia virus is the activation of macrophages which have cytolytic as well as cytostatic effects on melanoma tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Induction of activated macrophages by intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C in mice.

The host cellular response to IP injection of mitomycin C was studied in C3H/HeN mice. As assessed by in vitro cytolysis assay using 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labelled tumour target cells, mitomycin C-induced peritoneal macrophages showed the maximum tumouricidal activity 4 days after the IP injection. The tumouricidal activity was dependent on the dose of mitomycin C injected and it was detectable against syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic tumour target cells. In addition, these tumouricidal macrophages were found to be augmented in functions of both incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells. Among the other anti-cancer drugs, which were used at a dose of three-fifths of LD50, only adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg) was capable of inducing activated macrophages as much as mitomycin C (3 mg/kg). Cyclophosphamide (225 mg/kg), methotrexate (60 mg/kg) and vincristine (1.5 mg/kg) were able to augment incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells, but not tumouricidal activity. Differential cytolysis assay was performed for two cell lines of P 388 tumour target cells, the mitomycin C-sensitive original cell line and the mitomycin C-resistant subline, demonstrating no significant difference in macrophage-mediated tumour cell lysis between these cell lines. Based on these results, it was concluded that mitomycin C, when injected IP induced activated macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. A better understanding of the effect of anti-cancer drugs on macrophage tumouricidal activity may be useful in designing more effective local chemotherapy for malignant peritoneal effusions.

Animals↗