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PubMed1997

A human-centered approach to medical informatics for medical students, residents, and practicing clinicians.

The authors have developed a curriculum in medical informatics that focuses on practical problems in clinical medicine, rather than on the details of informatics technologies. Their development of this human-centered curriculum was guided by the identification of six key clinical challenges that must be addressed by practitioners in the near future and by an examination of the failures of past informatics efforts to make a significant difference in the everyday practice of clinical medicine. Principles of human factors engineering--the body of knowledge about those human abilities, limitations, and characteristics that are relevant to design--are an essential part of this curriculum. Human factors engineering also provides the necessary perspective, as well as the concrete knowledge and methods, that can enable practitioners to properly evaluate their clinical information needs, weight the merits of proposed technology-based solutions, and understand their own inherent performance limitations.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1998

Informatics in the service of health, a look to the future.

The paper attempts a balanced look at the directions of health informatics required in the future. In a high level review of impediments to health and health care a number of issues are identified that may be amenable to improvement by contributions from health informatics. Attention is drawn to the improvement of the collection and dissemination of knowledge in addition to the analysis of morbid conditions as a focus for health informatics. On this basis a review of the current state of health information systems is undertaken. The importance of adaptable user interfaces for end users and systems personnel, privacy and confidentiality protection, and linkage among clinical support systems and knowledge repositories is stressed. These improvements hinge on advancements in medical concept representation. Canadian contributions to these developments, particularly the instigation of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) are briefly reviewed.

Canada↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing Informatics in Brazil. A Brazilian experience.

Nursing Informatics in Brazil began around 1985. In 1990, the Nursing Informatics Group at the Federal University of São Paulo (NIEn/UNIFESP) was created. The first task was to prepare students and professors to use computers. Since its creation, members of NIEn/UNIFESP have been working in clinical practice, administration, education, and research areas of Nursing Informatics. Initially, the discipline was introduced in the Doctoral and Master programs. Subsequently, all specialization degrees and undergraduate programs were provided with the discipline as well. In the research area, the author explores the use of computers as a tool to support nursing research as well as the implications of computer resources in nursing practice, administration, and teaching. However, the use of the computer as an instrument to support nurses' activities in taking care of patients still needs investment. The majority of hospital information systems do not attend to the nature of nursing practice.

Brazil↗

PubMed1995

Public health informatics: how information-age technology can strengthen public health.

The combination of the burgeoning interest in health, health care reform and the advent of the Information Age, represents a challenge and an opportunity for public health. If public health's effectiveness and profile are to grow, practitioners and researchers will need reliable, timely information with which to make information-driven decisions, better ways to communicate, and improved tools to analyze and present new knowledge. "Public Health Informatics" (PHI) is the science of applying Information-Age technology to serve the specialized needs of public health. In this paper we define Public Health Informatics, outline specific benefits that may accrue from its widespread application, and discuss why and how an academic discipline of public health informatics should be developed. Finally, we make specific recommendations for actions that government and academia can take to assure that public health professionals have the systems, tools, and training to use PHI to advance the mission of public health.

Communication↗

PubMed1991

[What role does informatics play in pathology?].

Informatics can be understood as an element of management, dealing with structures of files, algorithms and hardware. The most important prerequisite to successful use of informatics is an optimal compatibility between these single elements. To realize this compatibility and to ascertain a permanent operability of informatics in pathology, the realization of the following two conditions are advisable: 1) The differentiation between a general administrative system of the whole department of pathology and systems of special units (e.g. laboratories); 2) the modularity of the laboratory systems.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Establishing a nursing informatics program.

Nursing informatics is the synthesis of nursing science, information management science, and computer science to enhance the input, retrieval, manipulation, and/or distribution of nursing data. The literature abounds with articles stressing the unmet computer needs of nurses. Nurses must go beyond knowing computer terms and following basic program commands; they must be informatics competent. This article proposes five courses in nursing informatics to enhance all areas of nursing: practice, administration, education, and research.

Certification↗

PubMed1991

Informatics futures in dental education and research: quality assurance.

Traditional methods for quality assurance are increasingly being questioned on the grounds of costs and effectiveness. Quality assurance in dentistry has suffered from many of the same problems that have impeded development of the field outside the hospital sector: inadequate data sources, a paucity of broad-based research demonstrating the effects of various treatment approaches on patient outcomes, and a lack of cost-effective methods by which to monitor and evaluate care. Informatics holds considerable promise for dealing with those problems in a comprehensive, reliable and efficient manner. Although a considerable shared commitment on the art of academic dentistry will be needed, the anticipated advantages to be gained in terms of advancing the quality of dental education, research and patient care are substantial. The initiatives being undertaken by the AADS Special Committee on Information Technology are most timely. Parallel informatics efforts are being mounted at the national and international level in numerous health care disciplines. The dental academic community should be prepared to take advantage of the opportunities that the field of informatics is expected to yield in the near future so that it can provide leadership in promoting positive changes within the profession.

Accreditation↗

PubMed1989

[Informatics: applications in bacteriology].

The subject of this work is to describe one of the possible applications of the informatics system in medical bacteriology, its exploitation in edition of the analysis results and in the management of produced stocks. The informatics is presently a very productive tool giving a precise information, a very important time gain and a better control of the costs. This work admit two chapters. In the first one, we give general notions of informatics and in the second one we describe the applications.

Algeria↗

PubMed1994

Standardisation in medical informatics in Europe.

This paper stresses the importance of standardisation in the domain of healthcare informatics and telematics. The paper gives an overview of the current standing of the activities of CEN TC 251 (European Standardisation Committee, Technical Committee on Healthcare Informatics) and describes the scope and content of a number of emerging European standards.

Europe↗

PubMed1997

Critical dimensions in medical informatics.

A typology of medical informatics applications is proposed around three dimensions: the dimension of care, the dimension of information and knowledge, and the aspects of the computerized society. These dimension can help both to evaluate application or research papers in the field or to derive long term goals for the discipline. In the first dimension medical informatics appears more as a technology driven by external forces such as the general progress of medicine or the integration of economical constraints in the choice of optimal procedures. It is argued that barriers to overcome as well as challenges for future research mainly remain in the two last dimensions.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of medical informatics in Belgium.

The Belgian Society for Medical Informatics (MIM) organized a survey in 1986 in order to assess the present state of development of medical informatics in Belgium. Questionnaires were sent to hospitals, laboratories, private practitioners and pharmacists, as well as to social security organizations and software industries. The response rate was higher in hospitals (93%) than in any other category. Results showed a large number of computerized hospitals (93% of general acute care hospitals and 91% of psychiatric hospitals). There has been a sharp increase (+ 15%) in computerization of the admission, accounting and billing procedures since 1985, most likely in relation with administrative rules issued by the Belgian Government. The same trend (+ 20%) has been observed for computer applications in clinical laboratories, between 1984 and 1985. There is almost one computer terminal for ten beds in the hospitals with more than 200 beds in 1986. This figure exemplifies the present trend to on-line access to data. Computerized instrumental aids to medicine such as text processing, imaging or computerized interpretation of signals have known a rapid extension during recent years, although less comprehensive than administrative applications in hospitals and in social security organizations. The present state of other applications in medicine (general practice, pharmacy, etc.) was more difficult to assess as those information systems remain more pinpointed. In all medical fields, there appears to be a new rise in computer programs offered by software companies.

Belgium↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Approaches to the construction of a medical informatics glossary and thesaurus.

In a project concerned with establishing a glossary and thesaurus for the medical informatics domain, various approaches to the task have been investigated. The developers take the view that a glossary should be a coherent system of terms, reflecting a coherent system of concepts that underlies a body of knowledge about a domain. A framework for the conceptual analysis of the concepts/terms underlying the domain has been developed. The emphasis of this framework is on how the concepts relate together. This work has given an important insight into how the practical task of establishing well-structured vocabularies for a field can be better achieved. An eclectic approach to term selection was adopted. Criteria for assessing what constitutes good definitions for concepts in a field were examined. Using all these approaches glossaries, thesauri and domain models of the medical informatics field are being developed. Another aspect of our work of particular interest is the development of attributed definitions from which inheritance patterns can be defined.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1989

Nursing informatics competencies.

The purpose of the paper is to present both the processes and the results of a task force organized to recommend nursing informatics competencies for practicing nurses, nurse administrators, nurse teachers and nurse researchers. The competencies are designed to be useful in preparing nurses for their specific roles. The criterion for inclusion of a specific informatics competency statement was task force consensus.

Competency-Based Education↗

PubMed1995

Informatics management: process model application.

The purpose of this paper is to share the results of a conceptual model application in informatics management and re-engineering. This theoretical construct is a four phase problem solving process shell which has distinct actions, descriptions, and deliverables with evaluation as an ongoing bridge. The process shell was used as a tool for a retrospective assessment of Nursing Informatics developmental waves and for prospective planning of the re-engineering wave. The authors feel this tool can be an invaluable guide for development, an instrument for planned change, and a paradigm for strategic planning.

Medical Informatics↗

PubMed1994

Medical informatics conference papers: a content analysis of research in a new discipline.

One of the hallmarks of a mature discipline is a varied and robust body of literature describing the research activities of the discipline. Medical informatics has rapidly become an accepted scientific discipline, having emerged from two long established disciplines (medical and computer science). This study looks at one form of scientific communication as a descriptive indicator of the maturity of medical informatics as a discipline. Conference proceedings were selected because they represent one of the first means of communication within a discipline in a semiformal format. Findings confirm that conference papers report research, development, and application projects across a wide range of topics; identify a possible trend toward increased funding; and show widespread use of empirical and quantitative research and analytical techniques. Deficiencies in the conference papers are also discussed.

Congresses as Topic↗

PubMed1993

The empirical object of medical informatics.

Medical informatics is the science of information processing and the creation of information processing systems in medicine and health care delivery. Its methodological approach is based on the area specific applicability of a multidisciplinary theory of engineering and managing computerized information systems related to its empirical object. This paper gives a systemic view of the health care system, representing the empirical object of medical informatics.

Decision Making↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Medical informatics in postgraduate training: a way to improve office-based practitioner information management.

Medical informatics has the potential to revolutionize patient care by providing every physician with rapid, easy access to the entire medical knowledge base. However, many changes are needed in the way systems are designed and physicians are trained before this potential can be realized. It is the shared responsibility of the medical informatics community, professional societies, academic organizations, and practitioners to accept the challenge of turning the power and promise of modern computer technology into useful tools for the care of patients.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗

PubMed1988

Medical informatics: an introduction to computer technology in medicine.

Access and effective management of medical information have become increasingly important in the practice of medicine today. Computer technology is developing to achieve this goal. This had led to the emergence of a new specialty, medical informatics, the basic science of the use of computers in medicine. Areas of patient care to which medical informatics has been applied include history taking, medical records, medical data base information retrieval, test performance, test result retrieval, decision support, patient monitoring, medical education, quality assurance and utilization review, medical research, and medical office and financial management. It is important that these applications become integrated with existing medical information systems and that physicians take a leading role in developing and maintaining these systems.

Computers↗