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PubMed2004

A spiritual framework in incest survivors treatment.

Through an examination of recent incest treatment development, this article emphasizes the theoretical concept of integration within the treatment process for female adult incest survivors. Spirituality as a therapeutic foundation is discussed with examples of therapeutic techniques. A case study illustrates the psycho-spiritual process of treating a 29-year-old female incest survivor and describes how self-integration has helped this client heal from trauma and change her worldview. Significant outcomes of treatment include the client's gaining of self-awareness and freeing herself from emotional blindness. The recommended practice framework includes a three-step healing process of building alliance with the client in a safe environment, disputing faulty religious assumptions in a learning process, and affirming the needs for reconnection and continuous spiritual support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The relationship of deviant sexual arousal and psychopathy in incest offenders, extrafamilial child molesters, and rapists.

The relationship between deviant sexual arousal, as measured by auditory phallometric stimuli, and psychopathy, as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, was examined in 156 incest offenders, 260 extrafamilial child molesters, and 123 rapists. Subjects in each group had never been convicted of another type of sexual offense. Replicating previous research, rapists were more psychopathic than incest offenders and child molesters. Deviant sexual arousal to auditory stimuli was evident only on the Pedophile Index for child molesters. When the relationship between psychopathy and deviant sexual arousal was evaluated in the three groups combined, several significant correlations emerged. However, a finer analysis of these correlations revealed that child molesters evidenced a significant correlation between psychopathy and the Rape Index and psychopathy and the Pedophile Index. There were no such significant findings in the incest offender or rapist groups. Implications of the results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Paternity testing in case of brother-sister incest.

We performed a paternity test in a case of incest between brother and sister. DNA from blood samples of the alleged parents and their two children was obtained with Chelex DNA extraction method and quantified with Applied Biosystems QuantiBlot quantitation kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA samples was performed with AmpFlSTR SGM Plus PCR amplification kit and GenePrint PowerPlex PCR amplification kit. The amplified products were separated and detected by using the Perkin Elmer's ABI PRISM trade mark 310 Genetic Analyser. DNA and data analysis of 17 loci and Amelogenin confirmed the suspicion of brother-sister incest. Since both children had inherited all of the obligate alleles from the alleged father, we could confirm with certainty of 99.999999% that the oldest brother in the family was the biological father of both children. Calculated data showed that even in a case of brother-sister incest, paternity could be proved by the analysis of Amelogenin and 17 DNA loci.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed1992

Incest perpetrators. Their assessment and treatment.

The multitude of articles published in the last decade in the area of intrafamilial sexual abuse highlight the complexity of the issue--both its assessment and treatment. Although no unique profile of an incest perpetrator exists, a review of studies revealed problems in the areas of sexual satisfaction, psychological functioning, interpersonal relationships, and family of origin. As well, incest families have been reported to be dysfunctional, with power imbalances; control struggles; indirect, unclear communication; and inappropriate coalitions among family members. Based on these observations, a wide range of treatment interventions now exists, including offender-oriented cognitive/behavioral therapies and a family-focused multimodal systems approach. Although questions remain to be answered in regard to the effectiveness and process of treatment, efforts limited to the recognition of these problematic families are no longer adequate. The focus must move to prevention through the early identification of individuals at risk both for offending and being part of an incest family structure; the implementation of proven, cost-effective, proactive intervention strategies; and the continuing dissemination of information to the public.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of incest offenders based on victim age.

The purpose of the present study was to compare incest offenders (IOs) whose victims include infants or toddlers to IOs with adolescent victims on several variables commonly examined in the sexual offender literature. Participants were 48 men whose youngest victim was less than 6 years of age (younger-victim incest offenders; YVs); and 71 men whose youngest victim was 12 to 16 years of age (older-victim incest offenders (OVs). In general, YVs showed more emotional disturbance and pathology than OVs. Compared with OVs, YVs had a greater history of substance abuse and more current problems with alcohol. In addition, YVs reported significantly poorer sexual functioning and were significantly more psychiatrically disturbed. YVs were also more likely to have a male victim, to have victimized a nephew/niece or grandson/granddaughter, and to have denied their offense(s). It was evident that both the YVs and OVs demonstrated clinically significant difficulty with normal sexual functioning and exhibited deviant sexual arousal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Individual psychotherapy with victims of incest.

In treating victims of incest, therapists need to be aware of the gamut of symptoms, personality traits, interpersonal difficulties, and clinical syndromes that occur with special frequency in this population. A list of these features is provided. Vignettes with typical therapist-patient dialogue are offered, demonstrating techniques for handling the initial consultation and opening phase of treatment. During later phases of treatment the focus will usually shift to the discussion of the pertinent symptoms (such as suicidal feelings, substance abuse, dissociative phenomena, sexual disturbances, and distorted self-image). Further on, therapy will focus on abnormal personality traits and attitudes that the incest experience may have set in motion. Examples include mistrustfulness, jealousy, seductiveness, hostility, impulsivity, defiance and emotional volatility. Many incest victims develop borderline personality disorder. Highly polarized attitudes ("splitting") toward sexual partners are characteristic of this group. Therapy relies upon supportive, re-educative, and interpretive work designed to help the victim develop more realistic and integrated views of self and other.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Psychotherapy of the survivor of incest with a dissociative disorder.

The treatment of the survivor of incest who suffers from a dissociative disorder is probably somewhat more difficult than that of other survivors of incest because for these others the material is more readily available. Also the patient with DD was probably more severely abused or the dissociative defense would not have been needed. This too makes therapy difficult, especially in that most necessary step: the development of trust and rapport. Despite these problems, there is a very good chance for a successful therapy that will bring the dissociated material back into the main stream of consciousness with a "here and now" appropriate perspective. This can be accomplished through proper diagnosis, good theoretics grounding, and therapy including psychotherapy with appropriate limit setting and the judicious use of medication. This article presents a summary of the BASK model of dissociation and two other models and gives ideas on how these models may be applied to the understanding of the etiology of dissociative disorders and their treatment. Case examples are used to illustrate successful treatment. Although treatment of incest survivors with dissociative disorders is difficult, success can be anticipated, and the rewards to the patient and the satisfaction for the therapist are great.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Enhancement of self-esteem among female adolescent incest victims: a controlled comparison.

A therapeutic intervention consisting of homogeneous group therapy and sexual education with same-sex therapist/clients was instituted with 15 female incest victims, compared to a matched control group; all the subjects had experienced intrafamilial incest and were court-placed in a Southern California resident facility. A series of behavioral markers and changes in self-esteem are reported by use of pre- and posttests of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, behavioral observations by resident professionals, and checklists/daily behavior logs. The latter were evaluated for signs of further victimization of both groups. Findings show that female incest victims in the experimental group showed a significant increase in positive self-esteem as measured by the inventory, and developed a significantly increased knowledge of human sexuality, birth control, and venereal disease when compared to the control group.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

A case of mother-adolescent son incest: a follow-up study.

A case of mother-adolescent son incest is reviewed. The son was treated in psychoanalytic psychotherapy for nine years and seen in a follow-up study five years later. The incest is understood as a compromise formation in which most aspects of the positive oedipus are repressed, while limited direct or defensively altered expression of oedipal and preoedipal impulses are allowed. Superego development is considered as being complete, although the superego is pathologically malformed and is responsible for the patient's pervasive feelings of guilt and his extensive need for punishment for his incestuous behavior. These findings contradict the views of those who understand mother-son incest as representing only direct expression of positive oedipal wishes made possible by a weak, deficient superego.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Incest in psychiatric practice: a description of patients and incestuous relationships.

Patients reporting incest resembled the author's other patients in age, sex marital status, education, residence and social class. Both initiating and receptive partners were represented among these patients. In two-thirds of 32 patients, incest had occurred more than 1 year previously. No one clinical picture predominated. Thirty-two patients had been involved in 42 incestuous relationships. Initiating partners, always older, included 32 men and 10 women. Coitus was the most frequent sexual activity; homosexual relations were present in 4 instances. Adults initiating incest had usually lost access to adult sexual partners by death, divorce, illness, or marital partners' refusal to cohabit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Studies of incest].

Theories of the genesis of incest tabus are presented and possible causes of a high degree of latent incest criminality are discussed. On the basis of the evaluation of 32 forensic-psychiatric expertises, characteristics of the committers and criminogenic conditions of the delict are discussed. The author arrives at the opinion that there is no determined type of incestuous delinquents. Decisive causes of later incest criminality will certainly be found in insufficiently introjected value norms within emotionally disturbed parental families and in the mainly primarily disturbed families of the delinquent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Incest hoax: false accusations, false denials.

Expertise in investigating incest accusations is essential for psychiatrists because the law requires the reporting of sexual abuse of children. In such cases persistent and methodical investigation tends to yield a consensually credible view of what really happened without resort to special forensic techniques of truth-finding. In order to make a diagnosis of incest hoax, the investigator must thoroughly understand the mechanics of the hoax and the psychodynamics of the perpetrator. Failure to recognizing a delusional hoax can delay treatment for the perpetrator of the hoax. Failure to recognize a child's fabrication can subject the family to unnecessary legal action and unwittingly support the use of a similar manipulative technique by other susceptible children. Failure to recognize the false retraction of an incest accusation may leave the victim in danger of further sexual abuse or of physical punishment for having revealed the secret.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pseudocyesis in an adolescent incest survivor.

This case is an example of pseudocyesis in an incest survivor. Symptoms of pregnancy were unconsciously created by the patient to shield her from the memory of her incest and at the same time confront the reality of her abuse. Her symptoms allowed her entrance into the medical system. Once in the system, it was just a matter of time before she was referred for psychological evaluation. The authors recommend that family physicians consider incest when evaluating patients who present with pseudocyesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Paternity probability in the cases of incest].

To calculate the paternity probability in the cases of incest where the alleged father was either the father or the brother of the plaintiff's mother, some algebraic expressions applicable to a simple codominant diallelic genetic marker system were derived by modifying the formulas of Essen-Möller and Komatsu (the both formulas gave the same result). The paternity probability in the incest case is generally lower than that in usual case, because in the former case an allele present in the mother is sometimes found in both the alleged father and the child (plaintiff), even if the alleged father is not true father. The paternity probability in the incest case, however, becomes higher than that in usual case when an allele is common to both the alleged father and the child but not to the mother. The mean value of paternity probability becomes lower, as the relationship becomes closer between the alleged father and the mother.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Sibling incest and formulation of paternity probability: case report.

Paternity determination of a fetus whose mother was admitted to an institution for the welfare and health of handicapped persons was requested of us by a doctor and lawyer of the institution. The fetus was recovered by a legal artificial abortion based on the Act on Maternity Health and Welfare (Japan) with the permission of the custodian. Commercially available MCT118, HLADQA, PM, and 9 STRs were tested for DNA samples from the fetus, the mother, her younger brother, her father, her grandfather, and 4 staff members of the institution. Only the brother was not excluded and the paternity probability was estimated at 99.857% on the basis of newly formulated expressions for multiallelic loci on the assumption of sibling incest. We concluded then that the fetus was fathered by the brother. DNA fingerprinting with multilocus and single locus minisatellite probes which were performed to confirm the paternity also support the conclusion. Bandsharing frequencies between the family members, however, did not necessarily reflect their actual kinship, which findings suggest that multilocus DNA fingerprinting requires further accumulation of data for consanguineous cases such as incest. Universal formulation for calculating paternity probability for a sibling incest case on the basis of multiallelic monolocus polymorphisms is also presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Temperament as a predictor of psychological adjustment in female adult incest victims.

Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relation between temperament and psychological adjustment in a sample of female adult incest victims (N = 57). Several dimensions of temperament, including activity level, mood, approach/withdrawal, flexibility (adaptability), and rhythmicity were significant predictors of various indicators of adjustment and self-esteem. The findings suggest that temperamental characteristics may moderate the effects of childhood incest on adult adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Homosexual incest.

Within the past two years, we have encountered two cases where homosexual incest seemed to be a potent predisposing factor in extreme pathological behavior. In order to better understand what we were contending with, an extensive search and review of the literature was undertaken and the two case histories analyzed in detail. Our conclusions include: (1) that homosexual incest is at times unrecognized by therapists and therefore not dealt with to alleviate torment and sometimes to avert tragic consequences; and (2) that it is underreported so that information is lacking and essential dialogue on dynamics and treatment rarely occurs. It is hoped that this article will stimulate awareness of the phenomenon and foster exchange of ideas regarding etiology, psychodynamics, and intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Personality characteristics of incest history psychotherapy patients: a research note.

The MMPI records of 16 female psychotherapy patients who gave histories of incestuous experience were compared with those of 16 nonincest-reporting patients who had been matched on age, education, ethnic group, and referring therapist. The mean profiles for the groups were very similar [rho = 0.92); however, a prediction that incest history patients would report more problems in the sexual area than controls was confirmed. The overall pattern of results suggests that, while the report of incest may not be specifically linked with any diagnostic category, it is associated with the report of various kinds of sexual problems.

Adolescent↗