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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Hyperpigmentation of human skin grafted on to athymic nude mice: immunohistochemical study.

Human skin grafted on to athymic nude mice (BALB/C-nu/nu) spontaneously hyperpigments. We wished to identify the morphological and molecular bases for the hyperpigmentation for this phenomenon. We present data on the relationship of healing, regeneration of melanocytes and production of some melanogenic stimuli. Biopsies were taken at preset times post-graft and studied by histological and immunohistochemical methods. DOPA-positive melanocytes first became visible 120 h post-graft and melanin deposition became visible along the basal cell layer 2 weeks post-graft and increased in quantity with time. By immunochemical stains the quantity of three melanocyte specific enzymes, i.e. tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and DOPA-chrome tautomerase (TRP-2), was markedly enhanced 1 week after grafting and persisted until 4 weeks post-graft. alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone were clearly detected in the epidermis soon after grafting. They were still strongly detected in the epidermis and in the dermis 2-4 weeks post-graft. We conclude that hyperpigmentation in the grafted skin accompanies a marked increase in the quantity of melanogenic enzymes and melanogenic peptides. The neuropeptides might be one of many factors which stimulate melanogenesis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2006

Ethnic considerations in the treatment of Hispanic and Latin-American patients with hyperpigmentation.

Latin-Americans have a heterogeneous ancestry that is defined by their place of domicile, while Hispanics are defined as those persons of Spanish descent. These two groups have a diverse range of skin phototypes and pigmentation and are prone to an increased incidence of melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Little research has been conducted to evaluate the frequency, course, effects, tolerability and treatment response of skin diseases in Hispanic and Latin-American populations. From the limited data that are available it is considered that the treatment of melasma in these two groups does not differ from the general population. First-line therapy of melasma should consist of effective topical therapies, mainly a fixed triple combination of hydroquinone, retinoic acid and fluocinolone acetonide. Where patients have either sensitivity or triple combination therapy is unavailable, other compounds with dual ingredients may be considered as an alternative. Options for second-line therapy include peels either alone or in combination with topical therapy. Lasers should rarely be used in the treatment of melasma and then only as third-line therapy in cases of melasma which is resistant to all other therapies. If applied, skin type must be taken into account. Irritation and sensitivity can be a concern in darker-skinned Hispanic patients and for this reason, the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) following treatment should be considered.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Cutaneous hyperpigmentation induced by omeprazole mimicking ashy dermatosis.

BACKGROUND: Omeprazole has been associated with multiple adverse effects including skin reactions but, to date, cutaneous hyperpigmentation has not been described as an adverse effect of this drug. OBSERVATIONS: We describe a case of a 52-year-old Caucasian woman who developed skin hyperpigmentation in the upper trunk, mimicking ashy dermatosis, 2 months after initiating omeprazole treatment. Histopathologic examination of a skin biopsy taken from a pigmented macule showed dermal macrophages containing golden-brown granules, which also displayed a sulphur peak on energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry were also performed on the drug and on a biopsy specimen revealing the same chromatograms as well as the same mass spectra. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, omeprazole itself may induce cutaneous pigmentation and, to our knowledge, this is the first report of this finding.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1994

Ineffective treatment of refractory melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation by Q-switched ruby laser.

BACKGROUND: Melasma and postinflammatory pigmentation are cosmetic problems with limited options for treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether selective photothermolysis of pigmented cells by Q-switched ruby laser treatment would produce clinical benefit in these disorders. METHODS: Eight subjects with melasma or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation refractory to traditional treatments were treated with Q-switched ruby laser pulses (694 nm, 40 nanoseconds) at fluences of 15-7.5 J/cm2, and followed. Histology was obtained before and after treatment. RESULTS: Regardless of fluence, no permanent improvement and, in some cases, darkening was seen in each type of lesion. Except for small depression at high fluences in black patients, there were no textural changes after healing. Immediately after treatment, there was epidermal and dermal injury, with extracellular melanin. Several months later, epidermal pigmentation had returned to baseline and dermal macrophages were apparently focally increased. CONCLUSIONS: The Q-switched ruby laser by itself does not provide an effective treatment for refractory melasma or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Glycolic acid peels for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in black patients. A comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in patients of Fitzpatrick skin types IV, V, and VI is difficult. Glycolic acid peels are useful for pigment dyschromias in caucasians; however, there are no controlled studies examining their safety and efficacy in dark-complexioned individuals. OBJECTIVE: To determine if serial glycolic acid peels provide additional improvement when compared with a topical regimen of hydroquinone and tretinoin. METHODS: Nineteen patients with Fitzpatrick skin type IV, V, or VI were randomized to a control or peel group. The control group applied 2% hydroquinone/10% glycolic acid gel twice daily and 0.05% tretinoin cream at night. The peel patients used the same topical regimen and, in addition, received six serial glycolic acid peels (68% maximum concentration). Patients were evaluated with photography, colorimetry, and subjectively. RESULTS: Sixteen patients completed the study. Both treatment groups demonstrated improvement, but the patients receiving the glycolic acid peels showed a trend toward more rapid and greater improvement. The peel group also experienced increased lightening of the normal skin. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates that serial glycolic acid peels provide an additional benefit, with minimal adverse effects, for the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in dark-complexioned individuals.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Improvement of infraorbital hyperpigmentation following carbon dioxide laser resurfacing.

BACKGROUND: Many patients who request cutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing for correction of periorbital rhytides also complain of "dark circles" under their eyes. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of high-energy pulsed CO2 laser treatment in reducing infraorbital hyperpigmentation. RESULTS: Significant lightening of infraorbital hyperpigmentation was observed 9 weeks following CO2 laser resurfacing. Melanin reflectance spectrometry readings did not correlate with clinical findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first report of the successful use of a non-pigment-specific laser system for the treatment of infraorbital dark circles. The lack of correlation of melanin spectrometry readings with clinical assessment likely represents an insufficient follow-up time period.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation treated with a 755-nm Q-switched alexandrite laser.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous pigmentation associated with minocycline therapy is an unusual adverse effect for which few successful treatments have been described. The pigment changes may persist for years, despite cessation of therapy, and is often cosmetically disfiguring, causing significant embarrassment and psychological depression in those affected. Few safe and effective treatments have been described in the past; however, recent pigment-specific laser technology has shown promise in the treatment of this condition. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe a series of patients with minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation who were successfully treated with a 755-nm Q-switched alexandrite laser. METHODS: Six patients with minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation on the face or legs were treated with a Q-switched alexandrite laser on a bimonthly basis until pigmentation was eradicated. RESULTS: Cutaneous pigmentation resolved completely in all patients in an average of four laser sessions. Side effects were limited to transient purpura and mild desquamation without scarring or dyspigmentation. CONCLUSION: Minocycline-induced cutaneous pigmentation can be effectively cleared without risk of adverse sequelae by Q-switched alexandrite (755-nm) laser irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Systemic lupus erythematosus with acanthosis nigricans, hyperpigmentation, and insulin receptor antibody.

Acanthosis nigricans, insulin receptor antibody, and systemic lupus erythematosus are associated in the potentially lethal syndrome of type B insulin resistance. Hyperpigmentation has been reported rarely, while glucose intolerance is common in these patients. We report an adolescent girl with acanthosis nigricans, hyperpigmentation, insulin receptor antibody, and systemic lupus erythematosus without glucose intolerance. Insulin resistance may be mild or transient in some patients with type B insulin resistance. Resolution of skin lesions was noted during therapy of SLE, and was associated with disappearance of insulin receptor antibody.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed2003

A patient with extensive stem cell factor-induced hyperpigmentation.

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a cytokine that stimulates development of erythroid precursors and, consequently, may have potential importance in the treatment of certain anemias. We report a case of a young woman with Diamond-Blackfan anemia who received SCF treatment. One effect of SCF treatment is cutaneous hyperpigmentation at the injection site. In contrast to previously reported cases of patients who had fewer SCF injections, her hyperpigmentation was extensive and of major cosmetic concern. SCF may play a role in a number of disease processes. This case demonstrates the need to consider the potential pigmentary side effects of SCF therapy and to make careful selection of the injection sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Periorbital hyperpigmentation and erythema dyschromicum perstans.

Erythema dyschromicum perstans is a rare idiopathic dermatosis characterized by ash-grey, well-demarcated skin lesions, which may involve the face. We describe an 8-year-old girl with erythema dyschromicum perstans presenting as bilateral acquired periorbital hyperpigmentation. The changes seen on histologic study of a skin biopsy specimen were consistent with the clinical diagnosis. The various causes of periorbital hyperpigmentation and characteristics of erythema dyschromicum perstans are reviewed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2003

Diltiazem-induced photodistributed hyperpigmentation.

Diltiazem is a calcium-channel antagonist commonly prescribed in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Although an extensive spectrum of cutaneous reactions to diltiazem has been described, only two published reports of hyperpigmentation induced by diltiazem are known. We report the cases of a 71-year-old black male and a 49-year-old Hispanic male, who both presented with characteristic hyperpigmentation on sun-exposed areas after taking an extended-release form of diltiazem hydrochloride (Tiazac).

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Diltiazem-induced hyperpigmentation.

A healthy-appearing 66-year-old black woman presented with a 5-year history of facial hyperpigmentation that was unresponsive to topical sunscreen, hydroquinone, tretinoin, and azelaic acid. Her medications included extended-release diltiazem for hypertension for the past 7 years, rofecoxib for arthritis, and pantoprazole for esophagitis. On examination, the woman displayed hyperpigmented patches and papules involving most of her face. The punch biopsy findings from a hyperpigmented papule on the right temple revealed compact hyperkeratosis, follicular dilation, and dense inflammatory infiltrate along the dermal-epidermal junction with abundant dying keratinocytes. Her diltiazem therapy was discontinued, which led to gradual resolution of her hyperpigmentation.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Hyperpigmentation: an overview of the common afflictions.

Hyperpigmentation disorders of the skin are common. Three of the more common forms include melasma, lentigines, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Significant negative psychological consequences can result. Many therapeutic options exist, though treatment is often difficult, requiring lengthy therapy.

Chemexfoliation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperpigmentation: a review of common treatment options.

Hyperpigmentation disorders are common and include a multitude of forms. They are typically divided into three large categories: dermal, epidermal, or mixed, depending on the site of abnormality. The location of the increased melanin affects treatment options, but therapy within a group is often similar. This paper discusses the treatment modalities, including topical and surgical approaches, available for the different types of hyperpigmentation.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2006

Tazarotene cream for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne vulgaris in darker skin: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study.

Previous investigations have reported the efficacy of tazarotene 0.1% cream for the treatment of dyschromia associated with photoaging and for acne vulgaris. The present investigation assessed tazarotene 0.1% cream for the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) in a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study of 74 patients from darker racial ethnic groups who had acne. Once-daily application of tazarotene cream was shown to be effective against PIH, achieving significantly greater reductions compared with vehicle in overall disease severity and in the intensity and area of hyperpigmentation within 18 weeks (P< or =.05). Mean levels of erythema, burning, and peeling were no more than trace in both groups throughout the study, and mean levels of dryness were no more than mild in both groups. In our study, tazarotene cream was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of PIH in patients with darker skin.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

Topical treatments for melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Hyperpigmentation disorders of the skin are common and can be the source of significant psychosocial distress for patients. The most common of these disorders are melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Sunscreen use and minimizing sun exposure are crucial in all cases. Topical applications are the mainstay of treatment and include phenols, retinoids, corticosteroids, and their combinations.

Administration, Topical↗