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PubMed2004

Inheritance and determinants of pulmonary oedema in swedish hunting dogs.

By using information derived from questionnaires sent to registered owners of drever dams and sires in Sweden with offspring born in 1992 and/or 1994, two groups of offspring were identified: one with one parent said to have had breathing difficulties after hunting, and another with both parents unaffected. Questionnaires were sent to the owners of these offspring, and multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the offspring data, with the status of their sire and dam with respect to breathing difficulties after hunting included as covariates. For the outcome 'breathing difficulties after hunting' in the 266 offspring, the odds ratio (OR) was 4.4 (95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 1.8 to 10.8) if the dam was affected and 3-9 (95 per cent CI 1.2 to 11.1) if the sire was affected. The OR for male offspring was 2.4 (95 per cent CI 1.1 to 5.7). The heritability of the condition was estimated to be 0.34 from the dogs born in 1992, and 0.28 from the dogs born in 1994.

Animal Husbandry↗

PubMed1986

Ramsay Hunt facial paralysis: clinical analyses of 185 patients.

In a prospective study of 1507 patients, evaluated consecutively for facial palsy in the Cranial Nerve Research Clinic at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, California, between 1966 and 1976, 185 cases (12%) were diagnosed as Ramsay Hunt syndrome. In 46 cases (25%), the diagnosis of herpes zoster was confirmed by acute and convalescent serum titers for varicella-zoster virus. In 139 cases (75%), viral titers were not performed and the diagnosis was based on the characteristic clinical presentation of the Ramsay Hunt syndrome. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis evaluating age, sex, race, signs, and symptoms at onset, severity of paralysis, associated medical problems with concomitant neurologic deficits, and response to therapy. These were compared with data of 1202 patients with Bell's (herpes simplex) palsy. The facial palsy of Ramsay Hunt syndrome was found to be more severe, to cause late neural denervation, and to have a less favorable recovery profile than Bell's (herpes simplex) facial palsy. Prognostic factors and treatment recommendations are discussed.

Facial Paralysis↗

PubMed1988

Hunting firearm injuries, North Carolina.

To determine the percentage of unintentional firearm-related injuries associated with hunting and to identify risk factors, we conducted a retrospective, descriptive survey of all hunting firearm injuries identified by two North Carolina surveillance systems. Almost one-third of unintentional shooting deaths are hunting-related, and young hunters appear to be at greatest risk of injury. Safety instruction and wearing highly visible clothing should be encouraged; controlled studies should test the effectiveness of these preventive measures.

Accidents↗

PubMed1990

MR imaging of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome consists of painful ophthalmoplegia caused by cavernous sinus inflammation, which is responsive to steroid therapy. The MR features of 11 patients with the clinical diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were studied. Two patients had normal MR studies of the orbit and cavernous sinuses. In nine patients, abnormal signal and/or mass lesions were seen in the cavernous sinuses; in eight cases, the abnormality was hypointense relative to fat and isointense with muscle on short TR/TE images and isointense with fat on long TR/TE scans. Extension into the orbital apex was seen in eight cases. In six of nine cases the affected cavernous sinus was enlarged; in five of nine it had a convex outer margin. One patient had a thrombosed cavernous sinus and superior ophthalmic vein in addition to a cavernous sinus soft-tissue mass. The signal intensity of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in this limited series was similar to that of orbital pseudotumor and is confined to a limited differential diagnosis, which includes meningioma, lymphoma, and sarcoidosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Signaling to the enemy? Body pattern expression and its response to external cues during hunting in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Cephalopoda).

Cuttlefish can rapidly alter their appearance by using neurally controlled chromatophore organs. This ability may provide a window into their cognitive capacity. We test whether the changes in body pattern that occur during hunting depend on context. If they do, then it may be possible to use these changes to study cephalopod cognition while the animal is engaged in ecologically relevant tasks. We found consistent individual differences in the tendency of cuttlefish to hunt with the first two arms raised. We also found that cuttlefish usually darken their skin after they seize a prey item. This darkening is observed regardless of the identity of the prey (fish, crab, or shrimp), prey context (buried in sand, in a bare tank, or on top of a rock pile), or the presence of a sudden stimulus. The sudden stimulus was created by presenting an overhead model bird to the cuttlefish. The model induced components of the Deimatic Display, which is a form of antipredator behavior, suggesting that the model was perceived as a potential threat. Passing Cloud displays and the Darkening of the arms were significantly reduced after exposure to the model bird. The effect of a potential predator on body pattern expression during hunting suggests it may be possible to use these changes as a sensitive indicator of ecologically relevant learning.

Animal Communication↗

PubMed1997

Estimates of genetic parameters and environmental effects for measures of hunting performance in Finnish hounds.

Data from field trials of Finnish Hounds between 1988 and 1992 in Finland were used to estimate genetic parameters and environmental effects for measures of hunting performance using REML procedures and an animal model. The original data set included 28,791 field trial records from 5,666 dogs. Males and females had equal hunting performance, whereas experience acquired by age improved trial results compared with results for young dogs (P < .001). Results were mostly better on snow than on bare ground (P < .001), and testing areas, years, months, and their interactions affected results (P < .001). Estimates of heritabilities and repeatabilities were low for most of the 28 measures, mainly due to large residual variances. The highest heritabilities were for frequency of tonguing (h2 = .15), pursuit score (h2 = .13), tongue score (h2 = .13), ghost trailing score (h2 = .12), and merit and final score (both h2 = .11). Estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations were positive and moderate or high for search scores, pursuit scores, and final scores but lower for other studied measures. The results suggest that, due to low heritabilities, evaluation of breeding values for Finnish Hounds with respect to their hunting ability should be based on animal model BLUP methods instead of mere performance testing. The evaluation system of field trials should also be revised for more reliability.

Aging↗

PubMed1994

Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Ten patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome underwent magnetic resonance (MR) scans. In many examinations, abnormal enhancement of the 7th nerve in the internal acoustic meatal segment through the mastoid segment was observed. Out of seven patients with cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms, only one showed abnormal enhancement of the 8th nerve, in addition to the 7th. The other 6 patients showed the same findings as in Bell's palsy, showing no enhancement of the 8th nerve. This suggests that clinical symptoms have no relation to the results of MRI. Enhanced MRI is the most sensitive means of making differential diagnoses between Hunt's syndrome and tumors, but it is impossible to detect all lesion sites corresponding to the symptoms in Hunt's syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Hunting guns in homes and suicides in 15-24-year-old males in eastern Finland.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between firearm ownership, the presence of guns in homes, the use of psychiatric services and suicides in 15-24-year-old males in Eastern Finland. METHOD: Police and medicolegal records of all suicides (n = 68) performed by 15-24-year-old males in the Kuopio province, Eastern Finland, in 1988-1995 were studied. Information was sought about firearm ownership, legality and purposes of use. Information was also sought about recent contacts with psychiatric services. Firearm suicides were compared with suicides by other methods. RESULTS: The annual suicide rate for 15-24-year-old males was 51/100 000. Sixty-two percent of suicides were committed by shooting. In 74% of these, licensed hunting guns were used. The proportion of suicides committed by legal hunting guns stored in the homes of victims was 60% of all firearm suicides. Sixty-two percent of firearm suicides were committed in homes of victims or in someone else's residence where guns were present. Only 2% of those who shot themselves were seen in psychiatric consultation during the 3 months prior to death. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of hunting guns in homes means easy access to a most lethal suicide method and is associated with a high suicide rate for 15-24-year-old males in Eastern Finland.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among Atayal aboriginal people and their hunting dogs in northeastern Taiwan.

Atayal aborigines, living at an altitude of 1,500-1,600 m in northeastern Taiwan, still hunt for wild animals with the help of hunting dogs. In this study, the latex agglutination test (LAT) was used to detect sera anti-toxoplasma antibodies in this community as a measure of their exposure to Toxoplasma gondii. The positive rates for sera anti-toxoplasma antibodies were 21.8% and 19.6%, respectively, in 422 Atayal and 51 hunting dogs tested. Neither of the positive rates were found to be significantly different between male (22.1%) and female Atayal (21.4%), or between humans (21.8%) and dogs (19.6%) (P > 0.05) when compared by the Chi-Squared test (chi 2-test). A significant difference was observed between the positive rates in adults (28.3%) and children (18.7%) (P < 0.05), and the age pattern of prevalence is consistent with an increasing duration of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii with age. The consumption of raw liver of wild animals or insufficiently cooked meat may be the major mode of transmission of toxoplasmosis in Atayal.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

The role of hunting in a socioeconomic classification for Greenland.

The socioeconomic classification used in Western societies is not directly applicable to Greenland where other factors, such as success as a hunter, participation in community life, and raising children, also convey status and must be included in a status coding. In the 1993 Greenland Health Interview Survey the participants' hunting activities were estimated through a number of questions. Nineteen percent of male Greenlanders classified themselves as hunters when asked about their primary occupation, but in another question an additional 10% stated that they relied on hunting for a living. When asked about their job, hunters were confused as to whether hunting was considered a job by the researchers. This uncertainty may explain the difference between the two questions regarding classification of individuals as hunters. For future research it is necessary to develop a socioeconomic status classification which is culturally sensitive and suited to contemporary Greenlandic society.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Ramsay Hunt syndrome in children.

In a retrospective study, 52 children were diagnosed with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. The facial palsy was milder and complete recovery of the function was achieved in 78.6% of patients. Associated cranial neuropathies were less common in children than in adults. The timing of vesicle appearance tended to be delayed in children. In preschool children, Ramsay Hunt syndrome was rare, although the frequency has recently increased. The syndrome is relatively common in older children. This study suggested that vaccination can prevent or reduce the occurrence of Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Bacterial and viral epidemics of zoonotic origin; the role of hunting and cutting up wild animals].

Since the Prehistoric times hunting has been a vital activity for man. However, this may account for the contamination of the hunter, his family and relatives. Infections may occur by direct contact with blood or tissues of infected animal during handling and cutting up preys and when preparing or eating meat, or also when bitten by injured animal. Apes and antelopes hunting in sub-Saharan Africa proves to be particularly important since it has been well established that the recent or previous emergence of some viral zoonosis (Ebola, Aids, T lymphotropic viruses and Monkeypox) resulted from hunting and poaching. Moreover predation among different species of non human primates such as that practised by chimpanzees against monkeys, has led to the construction of recombinant simian Lentiviruses, such as SIV cpz able to infect man and then spread over the entire mankind as it was the case with HIV-1. SARS is another possible example of the zoonotic risks represented by the sale, handling and cutting up Chinese wild animals such as Himalayan civets for culinary purposes.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1992

[Hunting with traps with regard to animal welfare, species protection and safety].

The present paper critically examines the subject of huntsmanlike hunting with traps as it is practiced in the Federal Republic of Germany. In this context, consideration is given to the aspects of protection of animals, protection of species and safety for people and domestic animals. Hunting with traps is regarded a necessary element within the legal duties of game preservation. Basically, the focus is placed on efficient hunting of predatory animals that are mainly active at night such as foxes, raccoons and martenlike beasts. Trapping instruments and catching methods that respect the above mentioned aspects are presented. The legislator is requested to set up binding quality standards for the traps to be used. Special training for all trappers with a final examination in theory and practice is considered inevitable.

Animal Welfare↗

PubMed2005

[Auditory brain stem response assessment in Ramsay Hunt syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the changes of the auditory brain stem response in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. METHOD: Thirty-six patients of Ramsay Hunt syndrome,who have only unilateral involvement with contralateral good ear, were studied with pure tone test and auditory brain stem response. The latencies of peaks I, III and V and interpeak latencies of I-III, I-V and III-V in bilateral ears were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 for windows. RESULT: Compared to the controlateral, the affected ears were significantly increased in latencies of II, V and interpeak latencies of I-III, I-V ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The audiological data suggested that cochlear or retrocochlear involvement or involvement at more than one site along the auditory pathway existed in Ramsay Hunt syndrome, but pure cochlear hearing loss is not common.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[A case of Ramsey Hunt syndrome with multiple cranial nerve paralysis and acute respiratory failure].

The authors report a 56-year-old woman with Ramsey Hunt syndrome with multiple cranial nerve paralysis and acute respiratory failure. Five days before admission, she experienced right otalgia and right facial pain and consulted an otolaryngologist of our hospital, who diagnosed the illness as acute parotitis and laryngopharyngitis. One day before admission, she experienced mild dyspnea and general fatigue and came to our hospital emergency room. A chest X-ray film revealed no abnormalities but some blisters were observed around her right ear. The next day, her dyspnea became more severe and she was admitted. A chest X-ray film on admission revealed right lower lobe consolidation, and neurological examination disclosed multiple cranial nerve paralysis, i.e., paralysis of the right fifth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth and left tenth cranial nerve. The serum titer of anti-herpes zoster antibody was elevated to 1,024, and the patient was diagnosed as having Ramsey Hunt syndrome with multiple cranial nerve paralysis. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia with hypercapnea, which was considered to be due to aspiration pneumonia and central airway obstruction caused by vocal cord paralysis. Mechanical ventilation was soon instituted and several antibiotics and acyclovir were administered intravenously, with marked effects. Three months after admission, the patient was discharged with no sequelae except mild hoarseness. Patients with herpes zoster oticus, facial nerve paralysis and auditory symptoms are diagnosed as having Ramsey Hunt syndrome. This case was complicated by lower cranial nerve paralysis and acute respiratory failure, which is very rare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

[Effect of proton irradiation of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome].

The authors have analysed a case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with a persistent recurring course and a gradual development of resistance to steroid therapy. Computerized tomography revealed a high density zone in the affected cavernous sinus of the patient. Differential diagnosis between a tumor and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was made. The patient received 3 fractions of proton beam irradiation by the "piercing" method (the beam being 15 mm in diameter) at a dose of 60 Gy. After irradiation computerized tomography showed complete recovery of disturbed functions and disappearance of the focus. Four-year remission was observed. In our experience, it was the first case of the use of radiation therapy in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ramsay Hunt syndrome: progressive mental deterioration in association with unusual cerebral white matter change.

An autopsied case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome with progressive dementia was reported. The clinical symptoms included progressive intellectual decline, myoclonus, generalized convulsive seizure, cerebellar ataxia and positive pyramidal signs. Neuropathological examination disclosed cerebral white matter demyelination marked in the frontal lobe and fibrillary gliosis predominantly in the subcortical U-fibers, grumose degeneration in the dentate nucleus and inferior olivary nucleus lesion. The skeletal muscle showed no ragged-red fiber. The present case can be included in Ramsay Hunt syndrome because of the absence of pathological hallmark of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and of the presence of the degenerative lesions in the olivary and dentate nucleus without cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. The intellectual decline is a result of extensive frontal white matter change, and myoclonus and ataxia are closely associated with dentate grumose degeneration. The cerebral white matter change is an unusual finding and the present case might be a variant in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Adult↗