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PubMed1995

Socioeconomic status and the health of the population.

To examine the relationship of a population's socioeconomic characteristics to its health status and use of health care services, a composite socioeconomic risk index was developed for the Population Health Information System. From a set of 23 socioeconomic indicators derived from public use census data, a summary index was formed from six indicators to generate profiles for the eight health regions of the province. Regional scores were plotted against an index of health status measures and against measures of health care utilization. Strong regional variations were found in all of these measures, and the socioeconomic risk index explained 87% to 92% of the differences in health status and acute hospitalizations. Moreover, regions with the worst health status on our indicators were found to be among the highest consumers of health services. The socioeconomic risk index appears to be a powerful tool in clarifying which benefits in improved health status might accrue from changing the underlying inequities in amenable socioeconomic risk factors, rather than simply increasing services to regions of low health status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of food intake, dietary habits and life style on health status as determined by clinical blood tests of adult men].

A survey of the frequency of various kinds of foods, dietary habits, life style, and health status was performed on 2,049 men aged from 40 to 59 living in an urban area who were participants in a "human dock" medical checkup. The relationships between these factors and health status were studied in order to identify a particular life style associated with good health status. The instrument utilized in this survey was a special form of a structured questionnaire. The results are summarized below. 1. The frequency of various kinds of foods were correlated with the kind of breakfast eaten, dietary habits, physical exercise habits, daily physical activity, smoking, and occupation. The strongest correlation to frequency of various kinds of foods was found to be with the kind of breakfast eaten and dietary habits. 2. Dietary habits were also correlated to various aspects of life style: smoking, drinking, the frequency of various kinds of foods, kind of breakfast eaten, daily physical activity, sleeping hours, habits related to physical exercise, and the frequency of meals eaten away from home. Dietary habits correlated most closely with the frequency of various kinds of foods and daily physical activity. The frequency of various kinds of food and dietary habits were found to correlate with various aspects of life style, and those subjects with good overall life styles were also found to have desirable dietary life styles. The correlation of desirable dietary habits, food intake and a suitable life style with good health status was confirmed by the results of clinical blood tests used as an index of health status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1987

A research agenda on issues affecting poor and minority women: a model for understanding their health needs.

Acquiring data on quality of life indicators such as health, mental health and family roles of poor and minority women remains a low research priority. This paper provides an assessment of current knowledge in this area and an overview of the context in which poor and racial/ethnic women utilize health care services. A model that encompasses the interactive effects of race, gender and class variables is proposed. Such a model is a necessity for understanding the health needs of poor and racial/ethnic women. Suggestions for future research and policy formulation are given.

Female↗
PubMed1992

WHO commends India.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1981

Priorities for research in maternal nutrition in the developing world.

Two aspects of maternal nutrition are highlighted - an adequate weight at birth and successful lactation-as the outcome of satisfactory maternal nutrition. The following priorities for research are considered: 1. Prepregnancy weights and heights related to birth weight, height, skull circumference and placental weight. 2. Practical implementation of national supplementary feeding of pregnant mothers. 3. Support networks in pregnancy and lactation through the health care system. 4. Study of hypogalactia. 5. Assessment of lactation performance. 6. Lactational amenorrhoea. 7. Training of primary health care workers to improve maternal nutrition.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

Functional bowel disorders. A multicenter comparison of health status and development of illness severity index.

In a multicenter study of patients with painful functional bowel disorders (FBD), we compared the demographic, health status, and diagnostic features of patients with FBD and developed a functional bowel disorder severity index (FBDSI) for research and clinical care. Two hundred seventy patients with FBD in the United States, England, and Canada were surveyed on symptoms and health status, and their physicians made a diagnosis and rated illness severity as mild, moderate, or severe. Comparisons of 22 demographic and clinical variables were made by study site in addition to physicians' severity ratings. To develop the FBDSI, multiple regression analysis used the demographic and clinical variables to predict the physician's rating of severity. We found that most health status measures of patients with FBD across study sites are comparable and the derived and validated FBDSI scoring system uses three easy to obtain variables: FBDSI = [current pain by visual analog scale (0-100)] + [diagnosis of chronic functional abdominal pain (0 if absent and 106 if present)] + [number of physicians visits over previous six months x 11]. The FBDSI can be used to select patients for research protocols and/or follow their clinical outcome or response to treatments over time.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1997

Association of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index with measures of disease activity and health status in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the internal consistency and validity of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) with respect to disease activity, health status, and medication score. METHODS: A prospective cross sectional study of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) attending a specialist lupus outpatient clinic between July 1994 and February 1995. The internal consistency of the SDI components was examined using Cronbach's coefficient alpha. The associations of the SDI components with disease activity measured by the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index, health status measured by the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form 20, and with a medication score were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (p). RESULTS: 133 women and 8 men ranging in age from 20.1 to 88.7 years (mean 41.1, SD 12.5) were studied. With few exceptions, the components of the SDI that reflect damage in different organ systems were not associated with each other. We found a significant although weak relationship between some related SDI and BILAG components (p 0.25 to 0.28; p < 0.01). While damage to the musculoskeletal system was associated with limitations in physical functioning measured with the MOS Short Form 20 (p-0.30; p < 0.01) and renal damage inversely with fatigue (p-0.23; p < 0.01) there was no significant relationship of other SDI components with the MOS Short Form 20. Renal and neuropsychiatric damage were associated significantly with the medication score (p 0.27 and 0.23; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The components of the SDI are valid in that they are associated with disease activity in the respective organ systems and some of them with a medication score. However, damage in different organ systems in SLE does not follow a common pattern. It is thus suggested that the SDI profile be used in addition to the SDI total score as an endpoint in clinical and epidemiological studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Periodontal health status and treatment needs for index age groups in Turkey based on CPITN values.

A national oral health pathfinder survey has been conducted by our research team in Turkey, in collaboration with the WHO European Region. Some of the data obtained by this survey were for CPITN values for age groups above 10 years, and can be summarized as follows: formula: (see text) These findings demonstrate that preventive periodontal therapy and community-based prophylaxis methods, will undoubtedly be of prime importance in future nationwide dental health service planning in Turkey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Use of antenatal cards for literate health personnel and illiterate traditional birth attendants: an overview.

A review of the existing literature on various risk-oriented antenatal cards developed during the last 15 years, makes apparent a multitude of action-oriented cards available for trained health personnel (obstetric nurses, midwives and doctors). Few antenatal cards, however, have been developed for use by illiterate traditional birth attendants (TBAs). A revised version of an illiterate antenatal card is presented, that has been developed over the past 3 years in Mali. It contains some important improvements, notably its use at the various levels of the health care pyramid both by illiterate TBAs and by trained midwives. It also includes specific 'standing orders', based on generally accepted 'at-risk' criteria. Suggestions for its adaptation elsewhere in Africa as part of current Safe Motherhood policies are discussed.

Educational Status↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improvements in mother-child health indicators in Turkey.

Turkey has a young population as a result of high fertility and growth rates in the recent past. Thirty-five percent of the population is less than 15 years of age, and 25 percent of the population comprises reproductive-age woman. The latest estimate of the population growth rate was 19 per thousand for the 1990-1995 period. In recent decades dramatic declines in fertility rates have been noted. In the early 1970s, the overall fertility rate was approximately five children per woman, declining to 2.7 in 1993. The crude birth rate is currently estimated to be approximately 23 per thousand. The crude death rate has also declined from approximately 30 per thousand in the 1940s to 6.5 per thousand in the 1990s. Life expectancy at birth in the Turkey is 65.9 for males and 70.5 for females. The infant mortality rate in the 1960s was approximately 200 per thousand, declining to 67 per thousand during the 1985-1990 period, and 53 per thousand for the period 1988-1993. It was 48 per thousand in 1995 and 42.2 per thousand in 1996, according to the State Planning Organization. The infant mortality rate has declined by 35 percent in the last ten years. The mortality rate for children under five years of age was 113.5 per thousand between 1978-1983 and 60.9 per thousand in 1993; it is currently 50 per thousand. The maternal mortality rate was greater than 200/100,000 in 1995. During the last five years the proportion of women receiving antenatal care has increased from 43 to 63 percent. The proportion of safe deliveries was 76 percent. Thirty-nine percent of all deliveries occur at home. The important point here is that the proportion of unsafe deliveries assisted by traditional birth attendants is 24 percent. It is very obvious that during the last 15 years, maternal and child health (MCH), especially child health, has improved dramatically in Turkey. The improvement made in the last five years has been more marked. The improvement is closely related to the government's special interest, attention and efforts to prevent and identify the most common health problems and to overcome these problems with appropriate interventions. The government also pays special attention to the socio-economic priority areas of the country and initiates special health programs in these areas first, in order to reduce high regional differences in MCH indices. Despite these dramatic improvements, one great obstacle is the high maternal and infant mortality and morbidity rates in the country at the time of ratification of the European Social Charter. The success made so for in maternal and child health should not be ignored, but it must be realized that much still remains to be done to improve the MCH level further.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Morbidity in breast-fed and artificially fed infants.

One-half of the healthy newborn infants at a rural medical center were initially breast fed; the proportion declined to 4% by one year of age. Breast-feeding was associated with significantly less illnes during the first year, especially if continued beyond 41/2 months of age. Breat-fedding was associated with a higher level of parental education and, by inference, higher socioeconomic status. The health advantage of breast-feeding was still evident after controlling for parental educational status. In better educated families the difference in significant illness between infants who were artifically fed and those who were breast fed for prolonged periods of time was two- to threefold.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1994

Health practices and indices of a poor urban population in Indonesia. Part II: Immunization, nutrition, and incidence of diarrhea.

This second section in a two-part study of health indices and practices among a poor urban population in Indonesia focuses on problems related to immunization, nutrition, and incidence of diarrhea. Through a survey of 690 mothers and 593 children in two slum communities in Jakarta, we found that 1) 65% of the children were mildly to severely malnourished according to Gomez criteria, with malnutrition most prevalent among the poorest; 2) 75% of the mothers reported exclusive breastfeeding of their infants during the first four months after birth, but breastfeeding decreased sharply with increasing socioeconomic status; 3) of the 19% of one- to three-year-old children who were incompletely immunized, most were likely to be missing their measles and DPT3 immunizations; and 4) 28% of the mothers reported that at least one of their under-three-year-old children had diarrhea in the last month, with frequency of reporting highest among poor mothers and those using water from vendors. We concluded that selective interventions should be accompanied by development of a comprehensive health infrastructure that permits uninterrupted service delivery and follow up of those identified as high risk. Such a comprehensive primary health care system should be part of a multisectoral development strategy.

Breast Feeding↗