Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Health Plan Implementation”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Diagnostic studies in the planning process of human resources: the Central American experience].

In this paper the authors analyze various aspects of one of the essential stages in the process of planning human resources--diagnostic studies and research which will serve as a starting point. They stress the role of diagnostic personnel studies in formulating human resources policies and planning, and describe the phases to be followed in their execution, according to the results obtained in the three Central American countries (Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua) in which the studies were completed. The paper concludes with a summary of the process in the three countries.

Guatemala↗
PubMed1986

[Scientific and technical cooperation between developing countries. Formation of middle-level auxiliary and technical health personnel].

Technical cooperation between developing countries is not easy in the absence of direct communication between them and of the requisite infrastructure. However, technical cooperation at this level is an important form of assistance to countries. The subject of the article is the technical assistance provided by Cuba to Nicaragua, with the collaboration of the Pan American Health Organization, to enable the Nicaraguan institutions to establish short-term health programs. The success of the cooperation was made possible by an effective concentration of resources in a limited field. After a brief preparatory stage in which the operational methodology was laid down and its phases were scheduled, functions were apportioned. The Ministry of Public Health of Cuba provided the directors and professionals for middle-level instruction in Nicaragua and collaborated in the study plans, the training of technicians and teaching staff, and the preparation of textbooks and manuals, while the Ministry of Health of Nicaragua provided food and lodging for the teaching staff and PAHO sponsored the meetings and workshops, provided education materials and prepared textbooks and manuals. The basic aim of the agreement was to facilitate the imparting of health knowledge to the least developed population areas. To accomplish this purpose, many activities were programmed that were almost completely carried out during that period.

Cuba↗
PubMed1986

[A health system. Analysis and proposals].

The author examines the health system of Brazil and points out the aspects that need to be changed for attainment of the World Health Organization's goal of health for all by the year 2000. To solve these problems the author proposes, i.a., full integration of the resources and coordination of the activities of the Ministry of Health and the National Social Security Institute of Medical Care with a view to active preventive coverage for educating the population, controlling the vectors of disease, improving the environment, vaccinating, monitoring expectant mothers and infant growth, etc. In addition, he advocates determining the proportion of the contribution to social security to be set aside for health purposes at a specific percentage and removing the cap on that part of the contribution so that the costs of medical care will be more equitably distributed.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A 20-year study of the Leprosy Control Programme at the Hemerijckx Leprosy Centre in Polambakkam in South India.

The Hemerijckx leprosy centre at Polambakkam in South India covers a rural population of about 800,000 and has treated over 40,000 cases of leprosy during the period 1955-75. Based on a stratified random sample of 25% of the case records, information was obtained about the profile of newly-detected cases in various cohorts (1955-57, 1958-60, 1961-64, 1965-69, 1970-75), regularity in drug collection and response to treatment. In newly-detected cases, the ratio of males to females was stable (3:2), but the proportion of adults aged 45 years or more increased from 15% in 1958-60 to 20% in 1970-75 and the lepromatous rate decreased from 9% to 6%; the proportion deformed at the time of diagnosis ranged from 11% to 15%. Regularity in drug collection was unsatisfactory even in the first year of treatment, with less than half the patients making 6 (or more) of the 12 monthly drug collections. The clinical status at 4-6 years was known for 70-75% of the patients who started treatment and of those approximately 60% had inactive or arrested disease. Data from population surveys was sparse; about 60% of the expected numbers were initiated and less than 30% of these had a coverage of 75% or more. The limited evidence, however, showed a decline in the prevalence of about 2 per thousand per annum. Field studies to evolve strategies for better motivation of patients, introduction of short-course regimens, and continuous monitoring of the programme are urgently needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion: Smoking control.

Cigarette smoking is the largest single preventable cause of illness and premature death in the United States. It is the major single cause of cancer mortality in the United States and is a causal factor for coronary heart disease and arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular disease; is associated with increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis; and is the most important cause of chronic obstructive lung disease. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of bladder, pancreatic, and renal cancer, and peptic ulcer disease. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy causes: retarded fetal growth; an increased risk for spontaneous abortion, fetal death, and neonatal death; and, possibly, slight impairment of growth and development during early childhood. Cigarette smoking acts synergistically with oral contraceptives to increases the risk for coronary heart disease and some forms of cerebrovascular disease; with alcohol to increase the risk of cancer of the larynx, oral cavity, and esophagus; with asbestos and some other occupationally encountered substances to increase the likelihood of cancer of the lung and larynx; and with other coronary risk factors such as hypercholesteremia to enhance cardiovascular risk. Smoking is the major identifiable cause of residential fire deaths and injuries as well as a contributor to accidental injuries. Cigarette smokers have a 70 percent higher overall death rate than nonsmokers, and tobacco is associated with an estimate in excess of 300,000 premature deaths a year. It is estimated that smoking contributes to as many as 225,000 deaths from coronary heart disease, the major cause of death among men and women in the United States; more than 100,000 deaths from cancers; and more than 20,000 deaths from chronic obstructive lung disease. Another 10 million Americans currently suffer from debilitating chronic disease caused by smoking. But substantial progress has been made since the release of the first Surgeon General's Report in 1964. More than 30 million smokers have quit since 1964 and the proportion of adult smokers has declined from about 42 percent in 1965 to approximately one-third today. Adult per capita consumption of cigarettes declined temporarily in 1953, 1954, 1964 and 1968-70, and the rate of decline has accelerated since 1977. Teenage smoking, particularly among adolescent girls, appears to be declining.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion: Alcohol and drug misuse prevention.

Currently, average apparent consumption of alcohol for all persons older than 14 is 10 percent higher than 10 years ago, and is equivalent to about 2.75 gallons of ethanol per person per year. Approximately 10 million adult Americans (i.e., 7 percent of those 18 or older) can be considered problem drinkers. Youthful problem drinkers, aged 14 to 17, are estimated to number more than 3 million and comprise 19 percent of this age group. In addition to the social costs, the economic costs to society as a result of alcohol misuse are substantial--an estimated +49.4 billion in 1977. Ten percent of all deaths in the United States are alcohol-related. Cirrhosis, which is largely attributable to alcohol consumption, ranks among the 10 leading causes of death. Alcohol use also is associated with cancer of the liver, pancreas, esophagus, and mouth. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with a wide range of possible harmful effects to the fetus--among them decreased birth weight, spontaneous abortion, and physical and mental birth defects. Drug misuse is also an expanding problem. There are some 16 million current marijuana users. The popularity of cocaine continues to increase--over 10 million Americans have tried cocaine at least once and there are an estimated 1 to 2 million current users. Misuse of barbiturates remains a significant problem with at least 1 million persons believed to misuse these drugs and the 30,000 estimated to be addicted to them. In addition, heroin addiction is still considered by many to be the most serious drug problem in the United States. Drug misuse leads to a number of social and health problems. Excessive doses of depressants can result in both physical and psychological dependence. The toll from heroin includes premature death and severe disability, family disruption, and crime committed to maintain the habit. Misuse of hallucinogens often results in emergency room visits. A special problem is the relationship of marijuana to automobile accidents, especially when used in combination with alcohol. While these events are disconcerting, progress has been made. National surveys indicate no changes in peak quantity consumed by teenagers 12 to 17 or in regularity of their drinking, between 1974 and 1978. Alcoholism mortality rates and alcoholic psychosis rates have shown little overall increase between 1950 and 1975. And similar encouraging trends have occurred in drug misuse. Several drug abuse data sources simultaneously have begun to reflect a down turn in use rates. These early indicators must be monitored overtime before conclusions as to their true significance can be evaluated.Nonetheless, the daily use of marijuana by high school seniors dropped from a peak of 10. 7 percent in 1978 to 7.0 percent in 1981. Daily regular cigarette smoking among seniors also declined dramatically-from 28 percent to 10 percent in the same period. The use of the hallucinogenic drug PCP also dropped markedly. Cocaine,heroin and sedative use among high school seniors remained relatively stable in terms of annual and lifetime prevalence, although the use of stimulants rose markedly. Of the 16 categories of drug use analyzed in the recent High School Senior Drug Use Survey, drug use in 15 categories was either stable or was decreasing(the second year of decline since the survey began in 1975).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion: Improved nutrition.

Appropriate nutrition is necessary for optimal growth and development, physical activity, reproduction, lactation, recovery from illness and injury, and maintenance of health throughout the life cycle. A variety of health problems can occur when persons have deficits of essential nutrients or have excessive or inappropriate consumption of some nutrients. While the role of nutrition in health problems is not fully understood, epidemiologic and laboratory studies offer important insights which may help people in making food choices to enhance their prospects of attaining or maintaining health. Current data indicate an inappropriate nutritional status for a substantial proportion of the American public. For example, for people aged 20 to 74 about 14 percent of men and 24 percent of women are classified as obese. The rates are significantly higher for women regardless of their economic status. Iron and folic acid deficiencies are common among pregnant or lactating women. It has been estimated that between 10 to 15 percent of infants and children among migratory workers and certain rural poor populations suffer growth retardation due to dietary inadequacies. And the average daily sodium ingestion is substantially higher for the U.S. population generally than the recommended intake levels. But some progress has been made over the last decade. Studies indicate that people have begun to consume less total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. Prevalence of breast feeding has increased to a point where it is the mode of feeding for 45 percent of newborns in the country. And a number of recent surveys indicate that more people are interested in nutrition, are more aware of the actions they can take to maintain health through their daily eating patterns, and have initiated changes in their nutritional practices.

Adolescent↗