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[Health education in municipal health services--status 1991].

The organization and level of activity of health education were examined in a national survey among the Norwegian municipal health services in 1991. The results were compared with a similar survey conducted in 1987. In 1991, 32% of the municipalities had local health education committees compared with 24% in 1987, and 59% had budgets for health education (1987: 52%). Compared with 1987, more of the municipalities took part in national health education campaigns, but locally initiated activities had become less common. Health promotion initiatives involving the public as active participants were clearly more common than in 1987. Local health education did not depend on the size of the population or other features of the municipality. However, the level of health promotion planning and budgeting were reflected in the health education activities. Cooperation with non-governmental organizations seemed to be the most crucial factor for municipal health education for primary health personnel.

Community Health Services↗

Communications satellites in health education and health care provision. The WAMI experience.

Since 1971, the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, has operated a four-state, medical education program covering Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho. This WAMI Program involves four universities without medical schools and 15 communities. To maintain this program, communication between the sites is imperative and mandates travel. The experiments described in this article were undertaken to determine whether full-duplex audio and color-video interactions via communications satellites could replace the travel requirements of the WAMI Program. Experiments involving the administration of the program, the presentation of the undergraduate medical education curriculum, the provision of health services, and the formation of public policies were conducted. The results suggest that satellite communication has broad applicability in medical education and health care provision.

Alaska↗

Improving measurement in health education and health behavior research using item response modeling: introducing item response modeling.

This paper is the first of several papers designed to demonstrate how the application of item response models in the behavioral sciences can be used to enhance the conceptual and technical toolkit of researchers and developers and to understand better the psychometric properties of psychosocial measures. The papers all use baseline data from the Behavior Change Consortium data archive. This paper begins with an introduction to item response models, including both dichotomous and polytomous versions. The concepts of respondent and item location, model interpretation, standard errors and testing model fit are introduced and described. A sample analysis based on data from the self-efficacy scale is used to illustrate the concepts and techniques.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗