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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Mandibular motor neurons of the caterpillar of the hawk moth Manduca sexta.

As part of a planned study of the central neural basis of feeding behaviour in larval Manduca sexta, the morphology and physiology of the mandibular motor system is here described. The gross neuroanatomy of the postoral head segments has been investigated, especially the course and structure of the mandibular nerves. The electrophysiology of the mandibular opener and closer muscles has been investigated by extra- and intracellular recording during feeding behaviour and during electrical stimulation of the motor nerve. All the muscle fibres examined are of the "fast," twitch type. Contraction is associated exclusively with locally or completely propagated overshooting action potentials, never with local junctional potentials. Control of the muscles is by recruitment of more motor units and/or an increase of frequency of action potentials. No inhibitory synaptic potentials could be found. The motor neurons of the mandibular muscles have been identified by cobalt backfills of the mandibular nerve, and characterized by intracellular recording and dye injection. There are 12 closer and 8 opener motor neurons. All motor neurons recorded so far evoke 1:1 twitches in the muscle, and none appear to be inhibitory. No GABA-immunoreactive axons could be found in the mandibular nerve.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1993

Ecdysteroid regulation of olfactory protein expression in the developing antenna of the tobacco hawk moth, Manduca sexta.

During adult metamorphosis, the moth olfactory neurons and their glia-like support cells pass through a coordinated and synchronous development. By 60% of development, the olfactory system is anatomically complete, but functional maturation does not occur until about 90% of development. Maturation is characterized by the onset of odorant sensitivity in the sensory neurons and the expression of certain antennal-specific proteins including odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs). The OBPs have been cloned and sequenced, and are thus useful models for investigating the molecular mechanisms coordinating final maturation of the developing olfactory system. The ecdysteroid hormones have been observed to regulate many cellular level neuronal changes during adult metamorphosis. In particular, the late pupal decline in ecdysteroids is known to influence programmed death of nerves and muscles at the end of metamorphosis. Experiments are presented here which indicate that this decline in ecdysteroids also induces the expression of the OBPs. Normal OBP expression occurs 35-40 h before adult emergence. In culture, OBP expression could be induced at least 90 h before adult emergence by the premature removal of ecdysteroid. This premature expression was blocked by culturing tissue in the presence of the biologically active ecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone. These findings suggest that maturation of the olfactory system is regulated by the decline in ecdysteroids, and support the view that olfactory development, in general, may be coordinated by changing levels of pupal ecdysteroids.

Aldehyde Oxidase↗
PubMed2004

Lessons from Kitty Hawk: from feasibility to routine clinical use for the field of proteomic pattern diagnostics.

Proteomic pattern diagnostics is a rapidly evolving field of science. Despite the increasingly large number of laboratories reporting exciting success with this concept, recent speculation concerning reproducibility and the nature and identities of the information content of the pattern constituents have served to defocus and polarize the community. These controversies will be rendered obsolete as the field accelerates into a new realm of clinical diagnostics. This new era will see the currently dry biomarker pipeline flooded with new candidate molecules, and the mass spectrometer will continue its maturation into a dominant clinical platform. We reflect on the important lessons gleaned from the Wright brothers' attempts at controlled heavier-than-air flight as a model for perseverance and a view to the very near future for proteomic pattern diagnostics.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibodies against a paramyxovirus isolated from Japanese Sparrow-Hawks.

Five monoclonal antibodies against the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) molecule of Taka virus, a variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), were established to compare the antigenicities of several avian paramyxoviruses including NDV. From the results of the cross haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test with the monoclonal antibodies, the HN molecule of Taka virus seemed to have at least three different antigenic determinants; one was specific for all NDV strains tested, the second was for Taka virus and Komarov strain of NDV and the third was for Taka virus, Komarov strain, Bangor and Yucaipa. Furthermore, the differences in the ratio of HI to neuraminidase-inhibition titers suggested that the separate active sites involved in haemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities might exist at least in close proximity.

Animals↗