Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Group Interviews”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Attitudes toward age-based health care rationing. A qualitative assessment.

This study is designed to contribute to recent efforts to assess public views on age-based rationing of health care by reporting findings from a qualitative research project using focus group interviews. Group interviews find that respondents are concerned about the high costs of health care, but few attribute these costs to overuse by older people. Respondents reject the notion of specific policies limiting health care based on the age of the patient. Respondents of all ages tend to reject the idea of paying for treatment to extend the life of the hopelessly ill when all beneficial treatment efforts have been attempted. Although expressing strong feelings about equality of opportunity for health care, respondents are ambivalent about the role that government should play to accomplish this goal. Differences in attitudes toward allocation of health care appear to be associated more with differences in socioeconomic status and political orientation than with differences in age of respondents.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

A randomised controlled trial of postal versus interviewer administration of a questionnaire measuring satisfaction with, and use of, services received in the year before death.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To develop a short form of an interview schedule used successfully in previous national surveys of care for the dying, and to investigate the effect of administering it by post on response rate, response bias and on the nature of responses to questions. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: An inner London health authority. PARTICIPANTS: Informants (person registering death) of random sample of cancer deaths between June 1995 and July 1996. MAIN RESULTS: The shortened questionnaire (VOICES) has 158 questions. Response rate did not differ significantly between postal and interview groups (interview; 56% (69 of 123), postal: 52% (161 of 308). Responders in the two groups did not differ in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics. Postal questionnaires had significantly more missing data, particularly on questions about service provision and satisfaction with services. Responses to questions differed between the groups on 11 of 158 questions. Interview group respondents were more likely to give top ranking responses to questions on service satisfaction and symptom control. CONCLUSIONS: Postal questionnaires are an acceptable alternative to interviews in retrospective post-bereavement surveys of care for the dying, at least in terms of response rate and response bias. However, the increased costs of interview surveys need to be balanced against the fact that postal questionnaires result in more missing data, and possibly less reliable answers to some questions. Caution is needed in combining results from the two data collection methods as interview respondents gave more positive answers to some questions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Healer shopping in Africa: new evidence from rural-urban qualitative study of Ghanaian diabetes experiences.

OBJECTIVES: To provide counter evidence to existing literature on healer shopping in Africa through a systematic analysis of illness practices by Ghanaians with diabetes; to outline approaches towards improving patient centred health care and policy development regarding diabetes in Ghana. DESIGN: Longitudinal qualitative study with individual interviews, group interviews, and ethnographies. SETTINGS: Two urban towns (Accra, Tema) and two rural towns (Nkoranza and Kintampo) in Ghana. PARTICIPANTS: 26 urban people and 41 rural people with diabetes with diverse profiles (sex, age, education, socioeconomic status, diabetes status). RESULTS: Six focus groups, 20 interviews, and three ethnographical studies were conducted to explore experiences and illness practices. Analysis identified four kinds of illness practice: biomedical management, spiritual action, cure seeking (passive and active), and medical inaction. Most participants privileged biomedicine over other health systems and emphasised biomedical management as ideal self care practice. However, the psychosocial impact of diabetes and the high cost of biomedical care drove cure seeking and medical inaction. Cure seeking constituted healer shopping between biomedicine, ethnomedicine, and faith healing; medical inaction constituted passive disengagement from medical management and active engagement with faith healing. Crucially, although spiritual causal theories of diabetes existed, they were secondary to dietary, lifestyle, and physiological theories and did not constitute the primary motivation for cure seeking. Cure seeking within unregulated ethnomedical systems and non-pharmacological faith healing systems exacerbated the complications of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: To minimise inappropriate healer shopping and maximise committed biomedical and regulated ethnomedical management for Ghanaians with diabetes, the greatest challenges lie in providing affordable pharmaceutical drugs, standardised ethnomedical drugs, recommended foods, and psychosocial support. For health systems, the greatest challenges lie in correcting structural deficiencies that impinge on biomedical practices, regulating ethnomedical diabetes treatment, and foregrounding faith healer practices within diabetes policy discussions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Emergency contraception in Brazil: facilitators and barriers].

A multi-centered qualitative study was conducted in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico to assess the acceptability of emergency contraception both among potential users and possible providers, authorities, and opinion-makers, and to identify (according to participants' perceptions) factors facilitating or hindering the method's use and the most appropriate strategies to disseminate information and provide the method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, group interviews, and discussion groups, which were tape-recorded and transcribed. A thematic analysis of this material was conducted. Acceptability of emergency contraception was high among participants, who also felt that there were no barriers towards its acceptance by the population. Participants felt that the method's acceptability would be greater if it were included in reproductive health programs, emphasizing its prescription for emergency situations. Participants highlighted that strategic components in Brazil would be training of providers and inclusion of the method in family planning services.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

Health-care professionals' perceived trust in and willingness to recommend functional foods: a qualitative study.

The aim of this study was to investigate some Swedish dieticians', registered nurses' and physicians' thoughts about functional foods and their willingness to recommend such foods to patients. The health-care professionals were recruited to participate in one group interview with each profession. Participants were recruited through mailed invitations from primary care centers in Uppsala County district. The interviewed physicians and registered nurses, in contrast to the dieticians, expressed more skepticism and distrust about functional foods, their claimed effects on health and the research documenting these effects. The participating dieticians were more willing to recommend the products to patients than were the participating nurses and physicians. Differences in educational and professional background and level of proficiency in nutrition may have affected the disparate beliefs about functional foods among the interviewed groups. Confusion among patients could be a consequence but further research into these disparities is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Coping with menstruation: understanding the needs of women with Parkinson's disease.

AIMS: To understand how women with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience and cope with menstruation and associated gynaecological problems, and adjustments to womanhood. This paper focuses on menstruation. RATIONALE: Unique hormonal fluctuations are known to affect women with idiopathic PD, however, our understanding of the impact of these changes on daily lives and opportunities for nursing support are limited. METHODS: Descriptive multiple case study design was adopted, and data collection involved a variety of approaches. Including semi-structured interviews, conversational interviews, group interview, reflective diaries and creative writing. A flexible approach was encouraged whereby consenting women chose how and when they wanted to participate. FINDINGS: A total of 19 women participated, 17 were experiencing naturally occurring periods. The majority had been diagnosed around the age of 39 years, and at the time of study participants ages ranged from 34 to 56 years. Three of the women reported no change in the experience of their periods following diagnosis, 15 reported worsening problems which in two extreme situations led to hysterectomy. During the monthly cycle PD symptoms were often exaggerated, medication effectiveness reduced and 'off times' increased. The period itself involved high levels of pain, fatigue and sometimes humiliating experiences when self-care was impossible. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers a unique contribution to our understanding of the needs of young women with PD, and suggests that health professionals need to look beyond the mask of a disease associated with old age. The nursing profession has a responsibility to develop models of best practice to enable women of any age to be themselves and to adapt to the rhythm of their hormones as they live and grow older with PD.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Changing perceptions of womanhood: living with Parkinson's Disease.

This study adopted a multiple case study design to develop our understanding of the experiences and adjustments made by women with Parkinson Disease in relation to womanhood. Nineteen women participated in this investigation telling their stories through a combination of individual interviews, group interviews, reflective diaries, reflective tapes and creative writing. Data were analysed using the framework of Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Extrapersonal and Metapersonal health proposed by Boddy and Rice (Perspectives on Health and Illness, Dunsmore Press, Palmerston North, 1992). Women reported that major changes were required in their lives in each of these aspects of health. In particular women reported labile emotions, changing body images, changing lifestyles, changing relationships with partner, family and friends, increasing dependence, decreasing role fulfillment and the need for support versus increasing isolation. The findings are of particular relevance to nurses and other health professionals involved with women with Parkinson's Disease as well as social services and voluntary agencies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Use of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants in cattle by Setswana-speaking people in the Madikwe area of the North West Province of South Africa.

Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) methods were employed to document the use of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants in cattle by Setswana-speaking people in the Madikwe area of the North West Province of South Africa. The study indicated that Setswana-speaking people in the North West Province have a rich heritage of ethnoveterinary knowledge, which includes all aspects of ethnoveterinary medicinal plant use. Information was gathered from informants through individual interviews, group interviews, guided field walks and observations. Ethnoveterinary uses in cattle of 45 plant species representing 24 families were recorded. Plants were used in 84% of the total number of recorded ethnoveterinary remedies. These plants were used alone (64%) or in mixtures (36%) for 29 indications. The most important indications were retained placenta, diarrhoea, gallsickness, fractures, eye inflammation, general ailments, fertility enhancement, general gastrointestinal problems, heartwater, internal parasites, coughing, redwater and reduction of tick burden. Plant materials were prepared in various ways including infusion, decoction, ground fresh material, sap expressed from fresh material, charred and dried. The most common dosage form was a liquid for oral dosing. Other dosage forms included drops, licks, ointments, lotions and powders. Liquid remedies for oral dosing were always administered using a bottle. Medicinal plant material was preferably stored in a dried form in a cool place out of direct sunlight and wind. Lack of transfer of ethnoveterinary knowledge to younger generations puts this knowledge at risk. RRA was found to be a successful method of investigation for the study of ethnoveterinary medicine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parkinson's disease: the effects on womanhood.

AIM: To understand how women with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience and cope with menstruation, associated gynaecological problems and adjustments to womanhood. METHOD: In-depth case studies were completed with 19 women who told their stories using a combination of interviews, group interviews, reflective diaries and creative writing. RESULTS: The data revealed that most (n = 16, 83 per cent) of the women associated PD with a worsening of their menstruation problems. There was a general perception that interaction with doctors and nurses focused on drug efficacy and mobility. Distressing practical problems associated with menstruation, relationships and sexual problems were rarely addressed. CONCLUSION: Women in this study experienced emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue, pain and increased severity of menstrual problems after the onset of PD. The findings not only challenge nurses to find new ways of working to ensure best practice, but also to access expert care and support for these women.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Qualitative evaluation of the blood collection process in Catalonia].

Blood donation is indispensable for quality health service provision. The stagnation of the number of donations in Catalonia prompted up an external evaluation of the system of blood collection that could orient the future policies. An evaluation of blood-donor services in Catalonia was designed adopting a qualitative methodology. The evaluation design included the use of a variety of techniques namely participant observation, individual interviews, group interviews and documentary techniques. The field work was carried out in all blood-donation sectors of Catalonia from the 23th November to the 4th December, 1998. Using Atlas/ti, a computer science tool for the qualitative analysis of textual data, the information analysis partially followed the prescriptions of "grounded theory" and of some modalities of thematic content analysis. The results show the basic characteristics and deficiencies of the process and its organization, describing their strong and weak points. The findings also detail arguments on blood donation that the agents implied in the process, donors an professionals, use. We also report what reasons the blood-donor service managers/providers gave for donating blood, and what perceptions they had of blood donors.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed2006

The dynamics and validity of the group selection interview.

The authors examined the validity of the group interview, in which several applicants are interviewed simultaneously, vs. the traditional 1-on-1 selection interview. The authors also investigated perceptions of fairness for each interview format and whether the order in which the applicant was asked to respond in the group interview affected the quality of his or her response. Participants were 91 undergraduates who participated in 1-on-1 or group interviews for a scholarship award. The present results supported the hypothesis that interviewers in the 1-on-1 format were significantly better at predicting the applicants' academic potential. Also, in the group interviews, the order in which the applicants were asked to respond affected the quality of their responses significantly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Changes in food habits among Pakistani immigrant women in Oslo, Norway.

OBJECTIVE: South Asians are generally known to have high prevalence of diabetes type 2 and coronary heart diseases. The Pakistani immigrant group in Norway constitute a high-risk subgroup of the population that needs a selective prevention approach. The main objective of this study was to provide information on dietary change and factors leading to these changes in Pakistani women after migration from Punjab, Pakistan to Oslo, Norway. Such information is important in designing appropriate strategies for dietary counselling. DESIGN: Twenty-five Pakistani immigrant women, recruited through the Oslo Health Study 2000-2001, participated in focus group interviews. Each group met four times, aided by a moderator and professional interpreters. A model developed by Koctürk was tested for its usefulness in analysing the dietary changes. PRECEDE was used to organise and structure the factors that were found to cause the changes. RESULTS: According to the women, life in Norway has led to several changes in meal pattern, meal composition and intake of different foods. In accordance with the Koctürk model, the cultural importance of breakfast and lunch has diminished, and dinner has become the most important meal. Meals on weekends tend to be more traditional than on working days. The study gives limited support to the hypothesis that changes occur predominantly among the accessory foods and least among staples. The focus group interviews revealed a rich variety of factors influencing dietary change: health aspects, children's preferences, work schedules, social relations, stress, traditional beliefs, climate, season and access of foods. CONCLUSION: To develop effective intervention strategies, it is vital to understand both how changes do occur and how different factors influence dietary habits. The Koctürk model was useful to structure the various foods and changes that may occur. Strategies for dietary counselling should not only include dietary advice but also focus on the multitude of factors causing dietary changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Use of ethnographic research for instrument development in a case-control study of immunization use in Haiti.

A rapid ethnographic assessment of barriers to health service utilization was conducted to identify maternal factors predicting use of child immunizations in Haiti. Methods included four focus group interviews, four natural group interviews, individual interviews with 14 health care providers and participant observation at vaccination posts. Analysis of qualitative data identified five categories of maternal factors associated with immunization use: competing priorities, low motivation, socioeconomic constraints, perceived accessibility of services, fears about health or social consequences and knowledge and folk beliefs related to vaccines. Selected variables among these factors were incorporated into a survey instrument designed to compare mothers of completely vaccinated children (cases) with mothers of incompletely vaccinated children (controls). The questionnaire was administered to 299 randomly selected mothers (217 cases, 82 controls). Bivariate and multivariate analyses found that of the factors identified through ethnographic research, only vaccine-related knowledge was significantly associated with immunization status. The utility and constraints of using ethnographic research for instrument development in epidemiological studies are discussed.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2001

The validity of the interviewer severity ratings in groups of ASI interviewers with varying training.

AIMS: This study evaluated the hypothesis that the subjective interviewer severity rating (ISR) summary indices of the intake Addiction Severity Index (ASI) of less trained interviewers are less valid than those of more highly trained interviewers. DESIGN: Baseline ASIs from three completed studies whose interviewers varied in degree of initial ASI training and subsequent quality assurance monitoring were examined. Associations between baseline ISRs and three other sets of ASI summary indices not based on interviewer ratings-composite scores, clinical indices and evaluation indices-were compared for three groups of interviewers with varying amounts of training. The assumption underlying these analyses was that more reliable ISRs, found in more trained interviewers, would be more highly associated with the other more objective indices. SETTING: Methadone maintenance patients in the Philadelphia and New York City areas. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-five interviewers with the most intense training who administered 295 interviews; 10 interviewers with an intermediate level of training who administered 763 interviews; and eight identified (and other unidentified) least trained interviewers who administered a total of 276 interviews. Measurements and methods. Four sets of summary indices from the above ASIs. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. FINDINGS: The study found that the validity of the validity of ISRs was greater in more trained interviewers. CONCLUSIONS: Greater training and subsequent monitoring of ASI interviewers generally appears to be associated with increased ISR validity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Randomised comparison of three methods of administering a screening questionnaire to elderly people: findings from the MRC trial of the assessment and management of older people in the community.

OBJECTIVE: To compare three different methods of administering a brief screening questionnaire to elderly people: post, interview by lay interviewer, and interview by nurse. DESIGN: Randomised comparison of methods within a cluster randomised trial. SETTING: 106 general practices in the United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: 32 990 people aged 75 years or over registered with participating practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response rates, proportion of missing values, prevalence of self reported morbidity, and sensitivity and specificity of self reported measures by method of administration of questionnaire for four domains. RESULTS: The response rate was higher for the postal questionnaire than for the two interview methods combined (83.5% v 74.9%; difference 8.5%, 95% confidence interval 4.4% to 12.7%, P<0.001). The proportion of missing or invalid responses was low overall (mean 2.1%) but was greater for the postal method than for the interview methods combined (4.1% v 0.9%; difference 3.2%, 2.7% to 3.6%, P<0.001). With a few exceptions, levels of self reported morbidity were lower in the interview groups, particularly for interviews by nurses. The sensitivity of the self reported measures was lower in the nurse interview group for three out of four domains, but 95% confidence intervals for the estimates overlapped. Specificity of the self reported measures varied little by method of administration. CONCLUSIONS: Postal questionnaires were associated with higher response rates but also higher proportions of missing values than were interview methods. Lower estimates of self reported morbidity were obtained with the nurse interview method and to a lesser extent with the lay interview method than with postal questionnaires.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

SIGN guidelines: an investigation into their value and use in contemporary nursing practice and education.

AIM: To explore the nature of SIGN clinical guidelines and the nurse teachers' role in supporting their dissemination and implementation within acute care nursing and subsequent curriculum design. DESIGN: The study consisted of a survey which employed three methods of data collection: a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview and focus group interview. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Those in Scotland directly involved in the teaching of nurses and midwives in pre- and post-registration programmes in higher education institutions (n = 635) and health care professionals (n = 49) currently working in the primary and secondary care setting. RESULTS: The findings from the questionnaire and focus group interviews suggest that nurse-teachers have limited knowledge of SIGN and that the integration of clinical guidelines in pre- and post-registration programmes is minimal. The findings from the interviews with a variety of health care professionals indicate the implementation of clinical guidelines is at an early stage in most trust areas and that education on their use is a major issue for practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: There is great potential for nurse educators to support the process of dissemination and implementation of clinical guidelines through their integration at every level of the curriculum. In this study both educators and clinicians (particularly in secondary care) were positively in favour of more information and education on SIGN clinical guidelines.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2002

The educational preparation of undergraduate nursing students in pharmacology: perceptions and experiences of lecturers and students.

This paper explores the perceptions and experiences of lecturers and undergraduate nursing students relating to teaching and learning issues in pharmacology. A total of 14 focus group interviews were conducted at 10 university settings, which involved seven academic staff and seven student interviews. The focus group interviewing method was used because it enabled all participants to have 'a say', facilitated the expression of diverse views, and allowed participants to express themselves without fear that their views would be openly criticised. Student participants comprised second and third year undergraduate nurses while lecturer participants involved course coordinators, subject coordinators, and bioscience and nursing lecturers. The 'framework' method was used for data analysis, which involved the following stages: familiarisation, identifying a thematic framework, indexing, charting, and finally, mapping and interpretation. Four major themes emerged from discussions with lecturers and students: teaching considerations, learning considerations, the relationship between pharmacology knowledge and clinical practice, and the features of an 'ideal' programme in pharmacology. The findings highlighted that potential conflicts existed among academic staff relating to the balance of pharmacology and nursing content in curricula, which often led to over-laden curricula. Potential conflicts also existed between lecturers and students about the value placed on a separate pharmacology subject as opposed to an integrated pharmacology programme. In summary, there is still much scope for educational initiatives to improve students' knowledge of pharmacology and medication management.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Socio-cultural and behavioural aspects of mosquito-borne lymphatic filariasis in Thailand: a qualitative analysis.

This study examines the contribution of socio-cultural and behavioural factors in mosquito-borne lymphatic filariasis transmission in Southern Thailand. Research was conducted in Nakorn-srithamarat province, which is noted for having the nation's highest Brugia malayi filariasis morbidity rate. Factors examined include traditional knowledge and cultural beliefs concerning etiology, transmission and symptomatology; perceived susceptibility and severity: social stigma: social support in disease prevention and control; and behavioural risk factors and illness behaviours. Data were collected through a multi-method, predominantly qualitative-based approach, including rapid survey and mapping, group interviews, focus group discussions, indepth interviews, and participant observation. Results indicate that poor knowledge and lay, indigenous, traditional belief systems contribute to high risk behaviours, and inappropriate preventive, illness and treatment choice behaviours. Behavioural models for explaining filariasis risk, preventive, illness and treatment choice behaviours are presented. Finally, recommendations for more effective health education programmes are offered.

Adolescent↗