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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Removal of pesticides from wastewater at golf courses using plants (removal by mung beans; Phaseolus radiatus L).

Many studies have been done on the removal of pollutants from wastewater using aquatic plants. Water hyacinth has been the most widely-used plant, and systems using water hyacinth are well-established. These systems, however, have a few problems in their practical use. In a previous paper, we proposed a new system that could be used as a substitute for a conventional system or, as a secondary system to assist the conventional one. Mung beans will be used to remove pollutants in this system. In the previous experiment, the removal characteristics of nutrient salts such as NO2-, NO3-, NH4+ and phosphorus salts from wastewater in residential areas were examined. Mung beans exhibited good characteristics for removing these nutrient salts. At present, pesticides used at golf courses have become a severe environmental problem polluting water supplies. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to verify whether our new system using mung beans was also effective in removing pesticides from wastewater at golf courses. An experiment was conducted on seven different pesticides. They were three insecticides; Diazinon, Fenitrothion and Chlorpyrifos, three fungicides; Captan, Isoprothiolane and Chlorothalonil, and a herbicide; Simazine. The experimental results showed that, under experimental conditions, the pesticides were rapidly removed and that they exhibited no harmful effects on the growth of the mung beans. Mung beans may be used, therefore, to remove pesticides from wastewater at golf courses although further research is needed.

Fabaceae↗
PubMed1993

[Wallenberg syndrome and vertebral artery dissection probably due to trivial trauma during golf exercise].

We report a 57-year-old man who developed Wallenberg syndrome and vertebral artery dissection, probably as a complication of neck rotation during golf exercise. He noticed pain in the neck during golf exercise. About 16 hours later, he developed numbness in the right hand, cold sweat, vertigo, hiccup, double vision and ataxia in gait. Neurological examination on the 22nd day revealed a right Wallenberg syndrome. The right vertebral angiogram showed a marked stenosis of the vertebral artery at the portion across the dura, and a dissecting aneurysm in the portion from its entrance into the posterior fossa through the exit of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Quick rotation and/or extension of the neck and head during golf exercise probably caused the vertebral artery dissection, resulting in Wallenberg syndrome. More attention should be paid to relatively trivial trauma as the cause of stroke, especially in the victims of younger ages.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1996

Golf-related injuries seen at hospital emergency departments.

Golf-related injuries are reported for 300 patients attending emergency departments of south-east Queensland hospitals over a six and a half year period. The main mechanisms of golf-related injury were being hit by a club (37%), hit by a ball (28%), sprains/strains (9.67%) and slips/falls (7%). For adult players, the main source of injury was being hit by a ball, while for children and adolescents being struck by a golf club accounted for 77 percent of hospital presentations. In the total study group, 46 people (15%) were admitted to hospital following their presentation at the emergency departments. Injury prevention and player education strategies are suggested as a means of reducing injuries in this popular sport.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Knee injuries in golf.

Thirty-five golfing patients with knee pain were studied in a 2-year period. Most patients were able to return to active golfing with conservative treatment and, in some cases, surgical management. Patients with total knee replacement were able to return to golf with minimal modifications.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Foot and ankle considerations in golf.

As golf continues to grow in popularity, so will the incidence of golf-related foot problems. An understanding of foot biomechanics in the golf swing and an appreciation of pre-existing foot problems will allow the physician to make a more specific diagnosis and implement treatment sooner. The net result is a faster return to the links.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1996

The mind/body connection of the golf swing.

Golf is rapidly becoming the sport of all ages. Some play it a few times in a season; others play it every day. It is a game enjoyed by both amateurs and professionals. Golf is played socially as well as for millions of dollars in prize money. Some play with handicaps; others play with no handicap. All golfers, however, play the game with their physical bodies as well as their minds. Golf has a definite mind/body connection of which every golfer should be aware. This article describes the connection, how it became recognized, its theories, its problems, and the solutions to the difficulties it can present.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of nine holes of simulated golf and orthotic intervention on balance and proprioception in experienced golfers.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of orthotic intervention on balance and proprioception among a group of experienced golfers. SETTING: Northwestern College of Chiropractic. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve experienced golfers were included in the study. METHOD: Balance and proprioception were measured before and after nine holes of simulated golf using piezo-electric film sensor platforms. Subjects wore custom-made, flexible orthotics daily for 6 wk and were then retested using the same objective measurement parameters. OUTCOME MEASURE: Primary outcome measures included stabilization index and stabilization time. RESULTS: Statistical trends suggest that the custom-made, flexible orthotics used in this study were effective in enhancing balance and proprioception and may have reduced the relative effects of fatigue associated with nine holes of simulated golf. CONCLUSION: Although individual differences were anticipated, data trends suggest that nine holes of simulated golf promotes changes in standing balance and proprioception and that 6 wk of wearing these custom-made, flexible orthotics has a positive influence in promoting balance and proprioceptive symmetry.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2005

Effect of environmental characteristics on Pythium and Mesocriconema spp. in golf course greens in Alabama.

The role the environment has on populations of Pythium and Mesocriconema spp. was investigated at 5 golf course locations in east central Alabama. Every 4 to 5 weeks soil samples were collected from 3 golf greens on each of the 5 golf courses. Environmental data, including air and soil temperature, pH and relative humidity, were also collected. Dilution plating and a combined sieving and sugar flotation procedure were conducted to determine the populations of Pythium and Mesocriconema spp. for each month. Isolates of Pythium from 4 months were also identified. Pythium spp. populations increased as soil temperature and ambient air temperature prior to sampling decreased (P < 0.05). Pythium spp. populations were highest in the winter and lowest in the spring. At some locations, populations of Mesocriconema spp. increased as soil acidity and populations of Pythium spp. decreased (P < 0.05) and as ambient air temperature prior to sampling increased (P < 0.05). Eight species of Pythium were isolated from 4 months, with Pythium rostratum being the most commonly isolated. Results suggest that Pythium and Mesocriconema spp. prefer different soil environments.

Alabama↗
PubMed1993

Making yourself mobile with a medical golf cart.

The use of the specially designed and equipped golf cart in sports medicine has become commonplace at the professional and collegiate levels. However, at the high school level, athletic trainers often have been stymied by financial limitations that prevent them from purchasing professionally designed and manufactured medical golf carts. Through this article, I hope to share with high school athletic trainers my experiences in designing, obtaining, and equipping a medical golf cart that is affordable and suitable for use in the high school setting.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Proportionate mortality study of golf course superintendents.

A proportionate mortality study of a cohort of golf course superintendents was conducted using death certificates for 686 deceased members of the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America who died from 1970 to 1992. White males were included in the study population from all 50 states. The study objective was to compare mortality from this cohort to the general U.S. white male population. The proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) for all types of cancer was 136 (CI: 121, 152). Significant excess mortality from smoking-related diseases was observed. The PMR for arteriosclerotic heart disease was 140, which was significantly elevated (CI: 127, 155). In addition, the PMR for all respiratory diseases was 176 (CI: 135,230), while the PMR for emphysema was 186 (CI: 101,342). The PMR for lung cancer was 117 (CI: 93, 148). Mortality for four cancer types--brain, lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, NHL), prostate, and large intestine--occurred at elevated levels within this cohort: brain cancer PMR = 234 (CI: 121,454), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) PMR = 237 (CI: 137,410), prostate cancer PMR = 293 (CI: 187,460), and large intestine cancer PMR = 175 (CI: 125,245). The PMR for diseases of the nervous system was 202 (CI: 123,333). A similar pattern of elevated NHL, brain, and prostate cancer mortality along with excess deaths from diseases of the nervous system has been noted among other occupational cohorts exposed to pesticides.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

Sorption, degradation and leaching of the fungicide iprodione in a golf green under Scandinavian conditions: measurements, modelling and risk assessment.

In cold climates, fungicides are used on golf greens to prevent snow mould causing serious damage to the turf. However, fungicide residues have been detected in runoff from golf courses, which may lead to restrictions on use. There is therefore an urgent need to improve understanding of the processes affecting leaching of fungicides from turfgrass systems to allow identification of green construction and management practices that minimize environmental impacts. In this study we monitored the leaching of the fungicide iprodione in a putting green. Sorption and degradation of iprodione was measured in batch and incubation experiments, and the simulation model MACRO was used as a risk assessment tool. Degradation of iprodione was bi-phasic, with a rapid initial phase (half-life 17 h) caused by enhanced biodegradation. Degradation rates slowed considerably after 5 days, with half-lives of up to 38 days. Sorption of iprodione was linear, with a K(oc) value of ca 400 cm(3) g(-1). MACRO reasonably accurately matched measured drainflows and concentrations of iprodione in soil and drainflow. However, peak concentrations in drainage were underestimated, which was attributed to preferential finger flow due to water repellency. The results also showed the importance of the organic matter content in the green root zone in reducing leaching. It was concluded that, with 'reasonable worst-case' use, losses of iprodione from greens can occur at concentrations exceeding water quality limits for aquatic ecosystems. Snow mould problems should be tackled by adopting green root zone mixes that minimize leaching and 'best management practices' that would avoid the need for intensive prophylactic use of fungicides.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2004

Golf: a high intensity interval activity for elderly men.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim was to quantify the time spent at different exercise intensities for male golfers, in relation to age, while walking a "normal" 18-hole golf course. METHODS: 19 healthy male golfers (six 27 (5) years old, seven of 50 (7) and six of 75 (4) years) performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill (maximal oxygen uptake and maximal heart rate were measured). Within one week, they played an "average" 18-hole course starting at 7:00 a.m. During the round, their heart rate was monitored with a Polar Vantage heart rate monitor, which sampled the heart rate every 5 seconds. Body weight was measured before and after the round. Blood glucose was taken at rest before the round and after each 3rd hole. Perceived exertion and perceived pain in muscles and joints were rated using the CR 10 Borg scale just before reaching each green and after a few selected uphill parts of the course. RESULTS: High intensity of exercise was reached during 6% of the total playing time for the young, 30% for the middle-aged and 70% for the elderly golfers, playing 18 holes (p < 0.05). The golfers' heart rate was below 50% of their individual maximal heart rate, 18% of total time for young golfers, 16% for the middle-aged, and not at all for the elderly. Perceived exertion, breathlessness and leg fatigue were rated in a similar manner for all three groups. Perceived pain in joints and muscles was rated extremely weak except in a few players who had some known joint or muscle problem. The mean blood glucose level fell by 20% for the young (p < 0.05), 10% for the middle-aged, and 30% for the elderly players (p < 0.05) after 18 holes of play. Body weight was reduced 0.7% similarly for all three groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Walking an 18-hole golf course corresponds to an exercise intensity which is moderate and high for the elderly, mainly low to moderate for the middle-aged, and low for young male golfers. All golfers, regardless of age, perceived their exertion similarly as weak to moderate.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The sport psychiatrist and golf.

The sport psychiatrist is well-positioned to consult to competitive golfers. The interrupted pace of play in golf provides ample time for the golfer's thoughts to go awry. The sport psychiatrist can work with competitive golfers in refining their strategies for dealing with these myriad distractions and stressors. The authors review pre-performance routine and methods for optimizing focus, and discuss the science behind being "in the zone." The authors also discuss how acute performance failure, or "choking," is best understood as being three separate disorders. The sport psychiatrist's unique role in competitive, professional golf is discussed by employing the concept of a sports mental health continuum and its relation to psychiatric disorders.

Credentialing↗
PubMed2005

Export of nutrients from golf courses on the Precambrian Shield.

Annual export rates, or fluxes, of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate, total phosphorus (TP) and potassium from four streams on two golf courses on the Precambrian Shield were compared with those from forested reference locations. Overall, the mean annual fluxes of K, TN, NO(3) and TP from golf courses were greater than from forested areas by 10, 2, 6 and 2 times, respectively. The overall mean export coefficients (kg/ha/yr) were 16 for K, 5.2 for TN, 2.1 for NO(3) and 0.14 for TP. For TN and TP, these are similar to those reported from cropland in Canada by Chambers and Dale.

Canada↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of arsenic mobility in the soils of some golf courses in South Florida.

High concentrations of arsenic have been detected in soils and underlying groundwater of some South Florida golf courses, indicating the possible impact of the application of arsenic-containing herbicides. The mobility of arsenic in the soils from selected golf courses was studied using a simple two-step sequential extraction procedure. Sodium nitrate (0.1 M), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1 M) and concentrated nitric acid were used to obtain mobile, mobilizable, and pseudo total arsenic fractions. Soils were separated into fine (<0.25 mm) and large (0.25-0.75 mm) particle size fractions. Arsenic contents were correlated with the distribution of iron (R2=0.4827), manganese (R2=0.7674) and aluminum (R2=5459) in the particle size fractions, while such correlation was not observed for soil organic matter, indicating that the oxides/hydroxides of iron, manganese and aluminum control the distribution of arsenic in these soils. Sodium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate extractants used in this study extracted large portions of arsenic from most soil samples studied. This is especially true for the fine fraction where the extractable arsenic ranged from 9.2 to 51.3% with an average of 28.7 +/- 13.3%, whereas in the large fraction, arsenic ranged from 7.2 to 24.7% with an average of 15.4 +/- 6.4%. These extractants, however, release only small amounts of iron, manganese, and aluminum. It seems likely that arsenic can be released by sodium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate without significant dissolution of the oxides/hydroxides of iron, manganese, and aluminum in these soil samples.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2003

Fertilizer source effects on phosphate and nitrate leaching through simulated golf greens.

Phosphorus and nitrogen leached from high-porosity golf greens can adversely affect surface water and groundwater quality. Greenhouse and field lysimeter experiments were carried out to determine the effects of eight fertilizer sources on P and N leaching from simulated golf greens. Phosphorus appeared in the leachate later than nitrate-N, and the highest concentrations were for the soluble 20-20-20 and the 16-25-12 starter fertilizers. The other six sources resulted in lower P concentrations. The soluble 20-20-20 and the 16-25-12 sources each resulted in 43% of the added P eluting in the leachate, whereas the others varied from 15 to 25%. For nitrate-N the lowest cumulative mass was for the controlled-release 13-13-13 and sulfur-coated urea. A higher percentage of applied P than applied N leached from both field and greenhouse lysimeters. However, the amounts of P leached for the field lysimeters were lower than for the greenhouse columns.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed2001

Overuse injuries of the upper extremity in golf.

Golfers are athletes, for golf is a sport. To play it well, one must have athletic ability, strength, agility, coordination, and endurance. The golf swing is physically demanding and has contributed to overuse injuries in the upper extremity. The wrist, elbow, and shoulder are the most frequently injured joints.

Arm Injuries↗