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Results for “Gift Giving”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

An invasion of cheats; the evolution of worthless nuptial gifts.

Nuptial gifts are food items or inedible tokens that are transferred to females during courtship or copulation . Tokens are of no direct value to females, and it is unknown why females require such worthless gifts as a precondition of mating. One hypothesis is that token giving arose in species that gave nutritious gifts and males exploited female preferences for nutritional gifts by substituting more easily obtainable but worthless items. An invasion of such behavior would require that females accept the substitute gift and copulate for a period of time similar to that with genuine gifts. We show that both these prerequisites are met in the dance fly Rhamphomyia sulcata, in which females normally accept a nutritious gift. We removed the gift from copulating pairs and replaced it with either a large or small prey item or inedible token. We found that although pairs copulated longest with a large genuine gift, the tokens resulted in copula durations equivalent to those with a small genuine gift. We also observed that males that returned to the lek with tokens re-paired successfully. These findings suggest that female behavior in genuine gift-giving species is susceptible to the invasion of male cheating on reproductive investment.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Giving and getting: altruism and exchange in transplantation.

In the study of organ and tissue transplantation, the focus tends to be on donation. But where there is "giving," there is also "getting:" receiving help. Altruism, helping behavior, and the exchange of benefits have received extensive attention from social psychological researchers. The gift exchange described by anthropologist Marcel Mauss provides a framework for reviewing this social psychological research on altruism and exchange and applying it to transplantation. An overall conclusion is that altruistic donation is not so ethically or clinically problematic, while receiving help has a complex psychosocial context that needs to be acknowledged and given more attention.

Altruism↗
PubMed2005

Building relationships a giver at a time.

In his book, Servanthood: Leadership for the Third Millennium, Bennett Sims states boldly, "To challenge people to give is to do them a favor." As development professionals, do we truly agree? When we ask someone to give, do we believe we are doing them a favor? To challenge people to give, our greatest effort should center on creating meaningful donor relationships.

Fund Raising↗