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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Development of immunity to sarcocystosis in dairy goats.

To determine the virulence of a microscopic species of Sarcocystis, forty-six 39- to 57-day-old goats were inoculated with 10(1) to 10(6) sporocysts; 7 age-matched goats served as noninoculated controls. Four of 4 goats fed 10(6) sporocysts, 4 of 4 goats fed 10(5) sporocysts, 2 of 4 goats fed 5 x 10(4) sporocysts, and 1 of 4 goats fed 10(4) sporocysts died of sarcocystosis, whereas 30 goats fed 10(1) to 10(3) sporocysts and the 7 noninoculated controls generally remained asymptomatic. In 3 immunization trials, groups of 7 to 9 goats were challenge exposed with 10(5) or 10(6) (2 or 20 median lethal dose) sporocysts at 14, 30, and 60 days after vaccination. In the 1st trial (14 days after vaccination), 2 of 2 goats vaccinated with 10(3) sporocysts and 1 of 2 goats vaccinated with 10(2) sporocysts survived a challenge exposure with 10(5) sporocysts, whereas 2 of 2 goats fed 10(1) sporocysts and the control goat died of acute sarcocystosis. In the 2nd trial (30 days after vaccination), 2 of 2 goats vaccinated with 10(3) sporocysts and the 2 goats vaccinated with 10(2) sporocysts survived a challenge exposure with 10(5) sporocysts, whereas 2 goats vaccinated with 10(1) sporocysts and the control goat died of acute sarcocystosis. In the 3rd trial (60 days after vaccination), 2 goats vaccinated with 5 x 10(4) sporocysts, 2 goats vaccinated with 10(4) sporocysts, 2 goats vaccinated with 10(3) sporocysts, and the 2 goats vaccinated with 10(2) sporocysts survived after challenge exposure with 10(6) sporocysts, whereas 2 goats vaccinated with 10(1) sporocysts and the control goat died of acute sarcocystosis. The results indicate that goats vaccinated with 10(2) to 10(3) sporocysts develop protective immunity against lethal doses of Sarcocystis, whereas goats vaccinated with 10(1) sporocysts were not protected against a later infection with a lethal dose.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effect of pregnancy and extended lactation on milk production in dairy goats milked once daily.

Thirty multiparous Murciano-Granadina dairy goats milked once daily were used to study the lactational effects of an extended 24-mo kidding interval (K24; n = 14) compared with the traditional 12-mo kidding interval (K12; n = 16). Goats were divided into 2 groups at wk 29 of lactation balanced with respect to parity, milk yield, and somatic cell count. Over a period of 92 wk, K12 goats were mated twice, at wk 29 during the first lactation and at wk 79 during the second lactation, whereas K24 goats were mated once, at wk 79 of extended first lactation. The K12 goats were dried off from wk 14 to 21 of pregnancy (wk 43 to 50 of lactation). Milk yield was recorded from wk 2 to 92, and milk composition was studied from wk 29 to 92. Milk fatty acids were analyzed in milk samples taken at wk 39 (wk 10 of pregnancy) and 55 (wk 5 of subsequent lactation), when milk in udder compartments (cisternal and alveolar) was also evaluated. Average milk yield during the first 29 wk was 2.23 +/- 0.13 L/d. Pregnancy reduced milk yield in K12 goats from wk 39 to 42 of lactation compared with K24 goats. During the dry period for K12 goats, milk yield of K24 goats averaged 1.53 +/- 0.10 L/d. From wk 51 to 79, K12 goats produced 32% more milk than did K24 goats, but their milk contained lower fat and protein than that of K24 goats. No changes were detected for milk lactose and somatic cell count from wk 51 to 79. From wk 80 to 92, differences in milk yield and milk composition between groups were not significant. Milk of pregnant K12 goats contained higher C16:1 and conjugated C18:2 fatty acids, and had a higher desaturase index than milk of open K24 goats at wk 39. In the following lactation (wk 55), milk of K12 goats contained higher C18:2 and C18:3, and lower C16:0 fatty acids, resulting in a lower atherogenicity index compared with K24 goats. Cisternal milk at wk 39 was lower for K12 than K24 goats, whereas alveolar milk did not differ. In K12 goats, values of cisternal milk tripled, but alveolar milk only doubled at wk 55 (wk 5 of subsequent lactation) compared with wk 39, indicating the importance of the cistern in accommodating high milk yield in early lactation. Values of cisternal and alveolar milk did not differ between wk 39 and 55 for K24 goats. Fat content was higher for alveolar milk than cisternal milk for K12 goats at wk 55 and for K24 goats at wk 39 and 55. No differences in milk protein or lactose were detected between cisternal and alveolar milk. In conclusion, pregnancy reduced milk yield from wk 10 after conceiving onwards. Extended lactation did not significantly decrease milk yield (-8.2%), but increased milk components that may contribute to cheese yield, and may be a useful strategy for reducing metabolic stress in early lactation and for simplifying herd management in dairy goats.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Genetic polymorphism of 4 microsatellites DNA in 3 goat populations and relationship with heterosis].

Gene frequency, polymorphism information contents, number of effective alleles, heterozygosity and genetic distances were studied in Boer goat, Taihang goat and Hebei dairy goat using four microsatellite markers (OarFCB11, OarAE101, McM218, McM38). The crossing effects on Hebei dairy goat and Taihang goat with Boer goat were tested. The results indicated that there are genetic polymorphisms at four microsatellite markers in three goat breeds. Four microsatellite markers can be used for genetic diversity evaluation in goat breeds. The genetic variability of Taihang goat is the highest, and Boer goat is the lowest in three goat breeds. Genetic distances between Boer goat and Hebei dairy goat is bigger than that between Boer goat and Taihang goat. The heterosis between Boer goat and Hebei dairy goat is higher than that between Boer goat and Taihang goat. It accords with testing results on actual heterosis.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Omitting the dry-off period negatively affects colostrum and milk yield in dairy goats.

Seventeen pregnant multiparous Murciano-Granadina dairy goats, kept in a semi-intensive exploitation system with once daily milking throughout lactation and 1 kidding per year (milk yield, 577 L/300 d), were used to study the effects of dry-off period length on performance during the subsequent lactation. Goats were mated at wk 29 of lactation and were assigned to 2 experimental groups according to dry-off treatment: goats that were dried off 56 d before expected kidding (D56; n = 9) and goats without dry-off (D0; n = 8). After parturition, kids were removed from their mothers and weighed before suckling. Goats were hand milked to obtain colostrum and were machine milked thereafter. Colostrum was sampled for composition and IgG analysis. Milk yield was recorded weekly during the preceding and subsequent lactations. Udders were biopsied in a sample of goats at d -65 (late lactation), d -49 (during dry-off), and d 48 (early lactation) to kidding (d 0). Apoptotic and proliferating cells in mammary tissues were detected immunohistochemically. Five goats (63%) in the D0 group dried off spontaneously at 27 +/- 4 d before kidding and were considered separately (D27). The rest of the D0 goats yielded 0.86 L/d from d -56 to kidding. Goats kidded 2.25 kids/goat, but the D0 kids had smaller birth weights (1.7 kg) than the D27 (2.2 kg) and D56 (2.1 kg) kids. Colostrum of the D0 goats contained less IgG (5.6 mg/mL) than the D27 (32.9 mg/mL) and the D56 (42.4 mg/mL) goats. In the subsequent lactation (210 d), the D0 goats produced less milk (1.78 L/d) than the D27 (2.51 L/d) and D56 (2.24 L/d) goats, with no detectable difference between the D27 and D56 goats. Apoptosis and proliferation indices increased from 0.51 and 2.09%, at d -65, to 1.75 and 7.12% at d -49 (d 7 of dry-off) in D56 goats. Despite differences in daily milk yield during early lactation (d 48) between the D0, D27, and D56 treatments (1.73, 2.68, and 2.53 L/d, respectively), no differences in apoptosis or proliferation indices were detected (D0: 0.65 and 2.48%; D27: 0.68 and 1.37%; and D56: 0.71 and 2.95%), indicating that duration of the dry period did not affect mammary cell turnover during the subsequent lactation. Omitting the dry period between lactations reduced the quality of colostrum and had negative effects on milk yield in dairy goats. Goats dried off spontaneously for 27 d were as productive as goats dried off for 56 d, indicating that less than 2 mo of dry-off may be sufficient in practice.

Animals↗