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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Nasal reconstruction with forehead skin flap and muscle flap].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the paramedian forehead flap for nasal reconstruction. METHODS: Based on the findings of the Cutaneous branch of supratrochlear artery, the forehead musculo-cutaneous flap was divided into the musculo-flap and the skin-flap in 3 patients. The musculo-flap were used to reconstruct the septi-bone structure, and envelop silicon nasal-frame, while the skin-flap were used to reconstruct the nose. In 6 patients, the forehead flap was used as a skin-flap just with the muscle pedicle to reconstruct a nose with good appearance of nasal subunits, without the secondary operation. RESULTS: In all of 9 cases, the cutaneous-branch of supratrochlear artery was found 1.7-2.0 cm above the orbital-rim. Eight patients got good results, only 1 patient had to do the secondary operation to coverage the exposed nasal frame. CONCLUSIONS: The cutaneous-branch of supratrochlear artery could be an anatomical finding to form the forehead skin-flap and it is a good choice to be used to reconstruct a nose, even in complicated cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Nasal reconstruction with the modified expanded forehead skin flap].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the modified expanded forehead skin flap in nasal reconstruction. METHODS: According to flap design, the frontal arteries that were not selected as the pedicle were ligated in order to enhance expansion and delay effects. Besides the middle forehead skin flap for nasal reconstruction, the expanded transversal forehead flap was employed with its donor site sutured directly, resulting in inconspicuous scar. This method was used for 11 cases of nasal reconstruction. RESULTS: All the flaps survived. Postoperative follow up for 6 months to 8 years and 4 months showed satisfactory results with good appearance and function. CONCLUSIONS: The method of modulating the blood supply to the flap and selecting the upper area of the forehead for the flap is an effective modification for nasal reconstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[One-stage reconstruction of large through-and-through defect of cheek with a combination of forehead skin flap and sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap after cancer dissection].

OBJECTIVE: To study the methods and results of a combination of forehead skin flap and sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of large through-and-through defect of check. Methods One case of check cancer received ampliative resection and functional neck dissection. The defect area of the skin side was 9 cm x 7 cm, of the mucosa side 4.5 cm x 3.0 cm. The defect of the mucosa side was repaired with sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap which blood supply was from thyroidea superior artery, occipitalis artery and carotis extra vein; of the skin side with forehead skin flap which blood supply was from temporalis superficialis artery and vein. The size of the sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap was 5 cm x 3 cm, of the forehead skin flap 10 cm x 6 cm. RESULTS: Two flaps and the split survived after operation. One-stage healing was achieved. The patient was discharged from hospital 2 weeks after operation. The color and the quality were good. The tumor did not recur during follow-up of one year. The patient could take care of herself, and she lived normally in talk and diet. CONCLUSION: A combination of forehead skin flap and sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap is a useful method to repair large through-and-through defect of cheek after cancer dissection. It is easy-to-operate and economical.

Cheek↗
PubMed2006

[En block frontal-temple silicone for humping the forehead and temple].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the reliability of humping the forehead and temple by en block frontal temporal silicone . METHODS: Make wax mold by piling up wax slices layer by layer according to the rang of depressing of the forehead and temple, the section being humped and the hight need to be projected. Order the silicone block according to the dimension of the wax mold. Make the implant from the silicon block. Under local anaesthesia dissection under the superficial temporal fascia and galea through forehead and two temporal incisions. Implant the silicon through the middle incision. RESULTS: Total 18 cases in this group were followed up for 3-12 months. Wound healed primarily without infection. I case with early blood effusion cured after aspiration. l case with later clear effusion cured after aspiration ad injection of prednisone in to the capsular. The frontal temporal contours were satisfactory . No outline of the implant was seen. CONCLUSION: It is safety and satisfied to hump the forehead and temple by en block frontal temporal silicone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sweating patterns in humans: I. Exercise- and pilocarpine-induced forehead sweating in healthy individuals.

In cluster headache, forehead sweating is frequently pathological and for this reason it is important to know the normal pattern. In the present work, sweating was induced by exercise and pilocarpine in 14 healthy individuals in the age group 24-50 years. A comparison was also made with patterns of heat-induced forehead sweating. No definite left-right asymmetry or medial-lateral preponderance were observed. As expected, the sweat patterns following body heating and exercise were rather similar. However, there was a significant relative increase in lateral forehead sweating with heat-induction as compared to pilocarpine-induction. In comparative intra- or inter-individual studies of forehead sweating, the method of sweat provocation may, therefore, not be indifferent.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The biplanar endoscopically assisted forehead lift.

Our experience with endoscopic forehead lifting and the biplanar forehead lift has been very rewarding, and although the postoperative results are early, the persistent elevation of the brows is encouraging, given that we do not temporarily suspend the forehead to the scalp with external bolsters or to the calvarium with internal anchors to bone, as has been described. The diminution of glabellar wrinkles also is marked. Clearly, the innovation of endoscopy to plastic surgical practice has enhanced our understanding of the goals in forehead lifting; and given our experience and that of others, it is hoped that many more patients will benefit form this continually evolving technique.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1985

Oblique forehead flap for total reconstruction of the nasal tip and columella.

The oblique forehead flap provides sufficient tissue for total reconstruction on the nasal tip and columella. In the majority of cases, the secondary defect of the forehead can be closed primarily. Thus, the oblique forehead flap often obviates the need for a scalping flap, which is a surgical procedure of greater magnitude and results in more significant secondary deformity of the skin of the forehead.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed2003

How to avoid brow ptosis after forehead treatment with botulinum toxin.

Botulinum toxin is primarily indicated on the upper third of face. The treatment of the forehead wrinkles has a limited number of side effects, but can lead to brow ptosis. Brow ptosis appears in many studies with a frequency of around 1-5%. This is caused, often, by using incorrect injection sites, too high dosages, and by an inappropriate selection of patients. In our experience, this side effect has occurred in less than 1% of cases. This paper will emphasize the technical methods we use in order to reduce to a minimum this unpleasant side effect. Understanding the side effects of botulinum toxin on forehead requires a thorough understanding of muscular anatomy. We emphasize the importance of the correct dilution, the use of adrenalin and a 30 U syringe, particularly for patients who have skin abundance (dermatocalasys) of forehead. Patients with dermatocalasys should usually be excluded, but if treated, it should be done in two different sessions, without overdosing and respecting the symmetry. Brow ptosis, the only real side effect of forehead treatment with botulinum toxin A, can be reduced to a minimum by using simple rules.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A↗
PubMed2000

A new technique of scarless expanded forehead flap for reconstructive surgery.

The forehead flap is an ideal flap for reconstructive surgery, especially for that involving reconstruction of the face and neck. However, it is usually limited to use in nasal reconstruction, even when performed in conjunction with tissue expansion, because of the severe visible morbidity of the donor site. In this article, the author discusses his development of a new technique of forehead flap, performed in conjunction with tissue expansion, for reconstructive surgery without visible scarring at the donor site. The technique involved positioning a tissue expander in the forehead pocket under the occipitofrontal muscle and serially inflating the expander over a period of approximately 4 to 6 weeks. Thereafter, an expanded forehead flap was created from the frontal hairline area on the basis of the location of the superficial temporal vessels and transferred into 16 recipient sites in 13 patients as an island flap (n = 8), a free flap (n = 1), or a local random flap (n = 7). The donor site was closed directly into the frontal hairline, without any visible scar. With the author's experience in the use of the island flap for nasal, facial, and neck reconstruction and of the free flap for reconstruction in the extremities, the flap could be as large as 8 x 18 cm without inducing flap necrosis or problems with donor-site closure. All patients (n = 13) had acceptable donor-site aesthetic results, without visible scarring. The results indicate that the flap could be a safe, ample, and color-matched flap for reconstruction of the face and neck and could also diminish donor-site morbidity to a minimum, without an unsightly visible scar. Furthermore, the flap could be formed into a customized free flap, with the above-mentioned advantages, to be transferred to any part of the body.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Nasal reconstruction using a split forehead flap.

BACKGROUND: The pedicle paramedian flap is the most common method used to reconstruct the nose, but secondary operations for debulking are required. In addition, this flap is always limited in length, which makes it hard to form the distal part of the nose. In this study, the authors suggest a split forehead flap with an oblique orientation designed to overcome the disadvantages of the paramedian flap. METHODS: From their practice and review of the literature, the authors discovered that there is a cutaneous branch of the supratrochlear vessels that is set out around the orbital rim, travels subcutaneously, and has a rich anastomotic plexus with other vessels. Therefore, the authors designed a myocutaneous forehead flap with an oblique orientation to lengthen it and split it into two flaps: a muscle flap and a skin flap supplied by the supratrochlear vessels and their cutaneous branch, respectively. In six cases, the muscle flap was used to reconstruct the septum-like structure and wrap the cartilage framework; the skin flap was used to form a new nose. In five cases, the forehead flap was elevated and used as a superthin skin flap to form a new nose with distinct subunits without secondary debulking operations. RESULTS: This improved flap was used in 11 cases with 6 to 25 months of follow-up. In all cases, the authors observed the cutaneous branch of the supratrochlear vessels. All patients were satisfied with their new noses. CONCLUSIONS: This split forehead flap, with an oblique orientation design, has the advantages of achieving good restoration of nasal contour and building septum-like structures and reducing the number of operations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap.

Although various reconstructive procedures for the eyebrow have been reported, few have proved satisfactory for large-tissue defects. The authors describe two cases of eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap (TPF flap) after malignant tumor resection. The first patient was a 24-year-old man with an adnexal carcinoma of the left eyebrow. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. The second patient was a 48-year-old woman with Bowen's disease of the left eyebrow. Tumor resection was performed on the frontal muscle with a 5-mm surgical margin. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. Both reconstructed eyebrows have maintained their shapes well. There have been several reports of the use of a TPF flap for eyebrow reconstruction, but none have used intermediate hair from the hairline. The authors are convinced that use of intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled TPF flap is effective for reconstruction of the eyebrow and large defects extending to nonhairy subbrow skin.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Heritability of hair whorl position on the forehead in Konik horses.

There are studies on the relationship between the position and shape of hair whorls on bovine forehead and phenotypic traits. According to anecdotal beliefs by horse users and handlers, temperamental traits may be related to the position of hair whorls in horses. No previous research on the mechanisms of inheritance of hair whorls has been performed, so the aim of the present study was to determine the heritability of the position of the hair whorl on the forehead of Konik horses. The horses (n = 362) were classified into five groups based on the whorl position on forehead with respect to the top and bottom eye lines. The estimated heritability of hair whorl position was 0.753 (SE = 0.056). Heritability adjusted for the discontinuity of the trait was 0.836. The results show that hair whorl position in Konik Polski horses is highly heritable. The possible relationship between position of hair whorls on the forehead and other morphological traits needs further research and should be interpreted with caution.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Subcutaneous approach to forehead, brow, and modified temple incision.

Placing the incision at the hairline or just posterior to the boundary of the hair, with subcutaneous elevation of the flaps, is a more effective way to correct the aging upper face, whether it be "crow's feet," excess forehead skin, or eyebrow ptosis. Furthermore, by placing the facial rhytidectomy incision at the sideburn boundary caudally and anteriorly, the sideburn can be preserved, regardless of the amount of skin removed. Patient selection and procedure have been described. Patients who are candidates for this type of surgery include those who have a long forehead, a short forehead, deep wrinkles, or thinner skin, as well as patients with deep frown lines and hyperactive corrugator muscles. The scars are generally minimal but can be camouflaged in one of many ways if they are visible. The most effective method is medical-grade tattooing. There are many advantages to the technique, the most important of which is control of forehead length and preservation of sensory and motor nerves. The results are far superior to most other available techniques in properly selected cases. In today's world of aesthetic surgery finesse, those who have expertise with a variety of approaches are more equipped to best serve the patients, and the techniques described here should be part of the aesthetic surgery armamentarium.

Female↗
PubMed1988

[The lateral forehead flap in the management of defects of the exterior aspect of the nose].

The closure of skin defects after tumour exstirpation in the external nose can be carried out by means of median forehead flaps. The classical technique requires a vertical forehead incision corresponding to the longitudial axis of the vasculo-muscular pedicle of the donor site. This vertical scar will subsequently not always yield an optimum aesthetic result. We prefer a modification of this method: The pedicle of the lateral forehead flap is developed stepwise through horizontal incisions which are placed in skin creases of the forehead. The defect of the donor site is closed with a rotation flap. The advantage of this procedure is an optimum aesthetic long-term result.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1985

The forehead lift. A review.

Our forehead lift technique is a modification of several techniques that have evolved since Lexer first elucidated a surgical approach to diminish the signs of aging in the upper part of the face. It essentially consists of the development of a forehead advancement-rotation flap through a coronal incision to deal with ptosis, and muscle incision and excision to deal with forehead and glabellar creases. The surgical goals are achieved readily in the vast majority of cases. Morbidity is minimal, but real, and can be decreased by astute observance of the details of the surgical techniques outlined. A review of 51 cases assessed success in achieving the surgical goals and the morbidity associated with the procedure.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Coronal approach for rejuvenation of the eyes and forehead.

Aesthetic surgeons are using the coronal forehead lift to achieve more consistent and enduring results due to a better understanding of the anatomy, dynamics, and aging process of the forehead. The varied indications for the procedure, such as soft-tissue ptosis and facial wrinkles, are discussed. The surgical technique is described, including the many controversial methods of managing the frontalis muscle. Eyeglasses and precise photography are employed to more objectively evaluate the amount of eyebrow elevation. Very gratifying results have been achieved with only minimal complications. The coronal forehead lift enhances the effects of the standard blepharoplasty and the orbicularis oculi muscle flap suspension techniques, and can be done in conjunction with a facial-cervical rhytidectomy. Presently, this is the procedure of choice in most women for rejuvenating the upper third of the face.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Small incision laser lift for forehead creases and glabellar furrows.

A new technique for eliminating or reducing glabellar frown lines and forehead creases with a small (3- to 5-cm) incision, KTP (potassium [K]-titanyl-phosphate) laser (Laserscope), and endoscope (Karl Storz) has been performed on 62 patients over the last 18 months. This endolaser technique takes advantage of the unique properties of the frequency-doubled Nd:Yag (neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet) (KTP) laser coupled with an optimized quartz contact probe. It enables the surgeon to incise or excise the procerus, corrugator, and frontalis muscles, with little or no bleeding, at a distance from a small incision immediately behind the hairline. This small incision frontal lift has been as effective as the standard forehead lift in rejuvenation of the upper face, avoiding the paresthesias, scalp itch, headaches, periorbital ecchymosis, and hair loss that are common sequelae of the forehead lift. Recovery time has been markedly reduced.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Subcutaneous masses of the scalp and forehead: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration.

We report our cytologic findings and clinical correlations in benign (N = 2) and malignant (N = 16) subcutaneous masses of the scalp (N = 15) and forehead (N = 3), studied by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Diagnoses were divided in 3 groups: (1) Scalp plasmacytoma (as a manifestation of multiple myeloma) (6 cases) was the most frequent diagnosis. In one patient it was the presenting manifestation of the disease. (2) Miscellaneous malignancies included 8 carcinomas, 1 melanoma, and 1 malignant lymphoma. The scalp or forehead mass was the initial presentation and FNA was the initial diagnostic approach in five patients. (3) A single case each of pilar-type keratinous cyst and hematoma were the only benign masses encountered. In conclusion, a significant number of subcutaneous masses of the scalp or forehead represent metastatic or systemic malignancies, and they may be the initial manifestation of the disease. Rapid and accurate diagnosis by FNA provides guidelines for appropriate therapy, especially in those patients who present with advanced disease.

Adult↗