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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Isolation of R-phase strains of S. senftenberg form fish meal].

Studied are being a total of 40 strains of S. senftenberg, which at the time of isolation proved to be in R-phase z43, with an antigenic formula 3,19:z43:--. Splitting of the normal S-phase gst is possible at reseeding the cultures from 5 to 10 times in semisolid 0.7 per cent agar, adding no H-antiserum. This is essential for all diagnostic laboratories as not all of them have at their disposal a monofactor antiserum z43 (the production of which is rather difficult and expensive) for inhibiting the respective R-phase.

Fish Flour↗
PubMed1983

Influence of certain fish meals on (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity in rat small intestine.

The effect of high-protein content fish meal on (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity in rat small intestine was studied. 5 groups of Wistar rats, weighing between 40-60 g, were fed diets with 12% protein content of dry matter for 10 days. The protein source was casein for the control group and fish meal derived from Coryphaenoides rupestris, Chimaera monstruosa and Merluccius merluccius for the test group. The results show a decrease in (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and a rise in Ca2+-ATPase activity in animals fed with fish meal protein compared to those fed on casein. No significant variations were observed between the groups fed on fish meal derived from C. rupestris and Ch. monstruosa. The calcium ion, which is abundant in fish, may be a factor responsible for these variations which produce inhibition of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and stimulation of the Ca2+-ATPase.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of various fish meals on disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase of the small intestine in rats].

Female rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 40-60 g were used to study the effect of fish meals (Coryphaenoides rupestris, Chimaera monstruosa and Merluccius merluccius) on the disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase in the small intestine in relation to the control group which consumed casein. Fish meal diets diminished lactase and alkaline phosphatase activity, the latter being most remarkable in animals fed Ch. monstruosa meal, while no statistical variations in maltase and sucrase activity were observed. Maltase, sucrase and lactase activity of animals fed Ch. monstruosa meal dropped in comparison with those fed C. rupestris meal, while the alkaline phosphatase activity showed no significant changes.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Salmonella agona isolated from fish meal and a Salmonella strain isolated from shrimps in Lebanon.

Salmonella agona was isolated from an imported fish meal specimen and a Salmonella strain not listed in the Kauffmann-White Scheme was isolated from a shrimp specimen obtained from the Mediterranean coast of Lebanon. The biochemical and serological properties of the S. agona fish meal strain was identical to a standard strain. The serotype of the shrimp strain was O13,22 Vi. With the exception of hydrogen sulfide production the biochemical properties of the shrimp strain were similar to S. agona.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Properties of gizzard erosion-inducing substance in fish meal.

Heated whole fish meal, produced from mackerel, was proved to induce gizzard erosion in broiler chicks by feeding for 6 days. The constituents of the water-soluble fraction of fish meal were suspected to be the cause of this lesion. Of them, histidine, histamine and nucleotides were examined. When added to milk casein and heated, histidine appeared to be the most toxic. It seemed, however, that histamine and IMP (inosine 5'-monophosphate) might be less toxic even when treated in the same way a histidine. Feeding of a large amount of histamine alone resulted in giving rise to a much disturbed profile of body weight gain, while a low incidence of gizzard erosion was observed in this case. Both heated fish meal and a heated mixture of casein and histidine were easily reduced in toxicity by acid hydrolysis. The latter was more sensitive to this treatment. On the contrary, papain had an action to diminish the toxicity of heated fish meal at all. Even after treated with papain, the heated casein-histidine mixture was still effective to induce gizzard erosion. These results might have come from different structural changes caused by heating of the two samples.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

[Assaying the Enterobacteriaceae contents of fishmeal as criterion for absence of Salmonellae (author's transl)].

1. During comparison of different test systems for examination on salmonellae the routine method revealed only 2 of 35 fishmeal consignments as positive. In second streaks after 48 hours on selective media 5 more consignments were discovered to contain samonellae. Using pre-enrichment culture gave evidence for 11 positive consignments altogether. 2. The pre-enrichment method led to about 20 times higher yields in isolating enterobacteriaceae than the usual enrichment method. 3. Neither salmonellae nor enterobacteriaceae statistically showed uniform distribution in fishmeal. In addition, with the aid of the variance test of homogenity, an extremely heterogeneous ratio of the both germ types to each other was proved. Consequently, assaying the enterobacteriaceae contents is not suitable to draw any reliable conclusions upon the salmonellae contents of fishmeal. 4. Assuming a constant contamination rate of 400.000 salmonella units in consignments of 100 tons and testing them by the required 47 random samples, it can be deduced from probability calculus that only about 1 per cent of a larger number of consignments will fail to be recognized as positive. This risk of acceptance increases progressively with diminishing rate of salmonella contamination. Thus about 80 per cent of consignments containing even as much as 20.000 salmonella units will be accepted as "false negatives". 5. Because of the usually low contamination rates of fishmeal it is an erroneous idea to increase the efficiency of assay by modifying the sample sizes in relation to the shipping weight. For this reason the orders for fishmeal examination in the Federal Republic of Germany should be revised. It is suggested to take at least the number of samples required hitherto for consignments of 100 tons. By this without doubt the risk of accepting "false negatives" can be reduced significantly, but it remains still impossible to recognite every contaminated fishmeal consignment and to stop its acceptance by bacteriological examination. 6. From practical examinations and theoretical considerations it is derivable that one has either to tolerate a low degree of salmonella contamination which hygienically may be without any importance or to treat every imported fishmeal by irradiation or heat pelleting.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1975

Protein quality of feeding-stuffs. 7. Collaborative studies on the microbiological assay of available amino acids.

1. Twenty-two samples of high-protein feeding-stuffs, sixteen of them fish meals, were used in a collaborative study of the precision and the limits of discrimination of the Streptococcus zymogenes assay procedure, as applied to the estimation of available methionine, tryptophan and isoleucine contents. 2. All the participating laboratories ranked the test samples in much the same sequence with respect to content for all three amino acids. There were apparently systematic differences between laboratories which impaired the precision of some of the estimates, and these were greatly reduced by including common reference sample in the tests as an auxilliary standard. 3. Values for available methionine content for eleven test samples were highly correlated (r 0.86) and quantitatively similar to those obtained for chick growth assays, but those for available tryptophan content were markedly lower and were probably in error.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

[Production and study of anthrax antigen. I. Nutrient medium for production of native anthrax protective antigen].

The authors present the results of studies concerning the choice of nutrient bases and elaboration of a medium for obtaining anthrax protective antigen providing an active preparation. Filtrates of crude cultures obtained on the nutrient medium prepared of 3% hydrochloric hydrolyzate of fish flour, corn extract, glucose, sodium bicarbonate and mineral salts proved to be the most active. Tests for determination of usefulness of the culture fluids with the maximum content in them of the protective antigen are recommended.

Anthrax↗
PubMed2004

Food-based dietary guidelines can be developed and tested using linear programming analysis.

Effective food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are required to combat micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to develop a rigorous approach for designing population-specific FBDGs. A 4-phase approach based on linear programming analysis was used to design, test, and refine the FBDGs. This was illustrated for Malawian children. In phase I, the objective function minimized the difference in the energy contributed by different food groups between modeled and observed diets for 16 observed diet types, while preferentially selecting foods most often consumed. Constraints ensured nutrient adequacy and diet palatability. In phase II, the meal/snack patterns of the phase I modeled diets were examined to develop season-specific FBDGs. In phase III, the robustness of these FBDGs, for ensuring a nutritionally adequate diet, was tested. The objective function, in this analysis, minimized selected nutrient levels in the modeled diets (i.e., chose the "worst-case scenario"), while respecting the FBDGs, palatability, and energy constraints. The FBDGs were refined in phase IV. In the Malawian example used to illustrate our approach, the FBDGs promoted daily consumption of maize flour, small dry fish (>or=20 g), leaf relish, and 2-3 snacks. The last mentioned included mangoes, in the food-shortage season, and pumpkin in the food-plenty season. In addition, legume relish was recommended in the food-shortage season. The approach presented here can be used to design and then test the robustness of FBDGs for meeting nutrient recommendations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Blood responses of calves fed milk substitutes containing hydrolyzed fish protein and lime-treated corn flour.

Two experiments involving 3- to 5-d-old dairy calves were carried out. In Experiment 1, lime-treated corn flour (Nixtamal) supplied 50 to 100% of carbohydrates in a milk substitute based on sodium caseinate, lard, and cerelose. In Experiment 2, partially hydrolyzed fish protein concentrate replaced 50% of 67% of proteins in milk substitutes based on skim milk powder, lard, and 35% Nixtamal. Increasing the proportion of carbohydrates supplied by Nixtamal was associated with a linear decrease of postprandial serum glucose and insulin. Postprandial fluctuations in blood glucose were less in calves fed Nixtamal than in controls. Nixtamal probably was trapped within the casein clot in the abomasum, leading to delayed rate of passage of Nixtamal carbohydrates into the intestine. Replacing skim milk protein with hydrolyzed fish protein in diets containing Nixtamal had no effect on blood glucose or insulin but elevated free essential amino acids, which promoted glucagon secretion. More uniform concentrations of blood essential amino acids and glucose were related to lower blood urea at 54 d in calves fed diets based on hydrolyzed fish protein and Nixtamal, than that of control calves. It is suggested that more uniform postprandial blood glucose concentrations might reduce amino acid degradation for energy purposes and stimulate protein synthesis. Young dairy calves may adapt to milk substitutes based on Nixtamal and hydrolyzed fish protein despite changes in the concentration patterns of several blood components.

Amino Acids↗