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PubMed1990

Comparison of the Canal Master endodontic instrument and K-type files for enlargement of curved root canals.

Twenty mandibular molars with 40 mesial curved root canals were instrumented with a circumferential technique using K files and the Canal Master instrumentation technique by junior dental students whose only endodontic experience had been completion of a preclinical endodontic course. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were taken facially and mesially with instruments in place. The canals were evaluated radiographically for transportation 1 mm and 4 mm from the apex. The mesial roots were cross-sectioned at the same level. The sections were evaluated for roundness of the canal preparation. It was concluded that the Canal Master instrumentation technique transported the root canal less and produced rounder preparations than the K file circumferential technique. There appears to be a greater tendency for breakage with the Canal Master.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗

PubMed1975

The large data base file structure dilemma.

This paper first presents a brief tutorial on the principal random file organization methods for handling two major applications--Transaction oriented systems and information storage and retrieval systems. It then addresses a particular large data base dilemma, not satisfactorily resolved by any of these methods, and which is currently under active investigation. Two approaches to a solution are described. One is called the hybrid inverted list; the other is based upon an old technique called super-imposed coding. The former has been implemented and has recently been installed in an operational system. Some statistics related to file characteristics in this application are provided, but operational cost and performance statistics are not yet available.

Computers↗

PubMed1976

[Logetronic micro-film in radiological diagnosis with an integrated system of filming and filing(author's transl)].

The results of one year's routine use of primary microfilm in a large diagnostic radiological institute is reviewed. Positive views were treated by electronic contrast enhancement in an integrated system of immediate filming and filing. The resulting changes and improvements in running the department are described. This involves a fundamental reorganisation of the department, as well as equipment which is not yet commercially available. The latter had therefore to be improvised and is described. Similar procedures introduced elsewhere are critically evaluated. The advantages of immediate filming are stressed and a comparison with conventional large film filing demonstrates its financial advantages. Logical application of the method results in saving in personnel and material, but implies that the radiologist must be prepared to change to positive films in routine diagnosis. By using microfilm positives with a resolution of 4.0 pairs of lines per mm., the results equal those from large film negatives.

Archives↗

PubMed1992

Kinetic analysis of water transport through a single-file pore.

We apply the diagrammatic method developed by Hill (1977. Free Energy Transduction in Biology. Academic Press, New York) to analyze single-file water transport. We use this formalism to derive explicit expressions for the osmotic and diffusive permeabilities Pf and Pd of a pore. We first consider a vacancy mechanism of transport analogous to the one-vacancy pore model previously used by Kohler and Heckmann (1979. J. Theor. Biol. 79:381-401). (a) For the general one-vacancy case, we find that the permeability ratio can be expressed by Pf/Pd = (Pf/Pd)eqf(wA,wB), where the second factor is a function of the water activities in the two adjoining compartments A and B. As a consequence, the permeability ratio in general can effectively differ from its value at equilibrium. We also find that n - 1 less than or equal to (Pf/Pd)eq less than or equal to n, a result already proposed by Kohler and Heckmann (1979. J. Theor. Biol. 79:381-401). (b) When vacancy states are transient intermediates, the model can be reduced to a diagram consisting of only fully occupied states. Such a diagram resembles the one describing a no-vacancy mechanism of transport (c), but in spite of the similarity the expressions obtained for the permeability coefficients still retain the basic relationships of the original (a) nonreduced one-vacancy model. (c) We then propose a kinetic description of a no-vacancy mechanism of single-file water transport. In this case, the expressions derived for Pf and Pd are formally equivalent to those obtained by Finkelstein and Rosenberg (1979. Membrane Transport Processes. Vol. 3. C.F. Stevens and R.W. Tsien, editors, Raven Press, New York. 73-88.) A main difference with the vacancy mechanism is that here the permeability coefficients are independent of the water activities.

Biological Transport↗

PubMed2026

QPL-enabled HTSlib library: accelerating sequence file compression using Intel IAA.

SUMMARY: Sequence analysis workflows require the accessibility of large datasets, which require state-of-the-art compression tools. These compression tools, such as Samtools, often rely on HTSlib as a GZip implementation, but are still limited by throughput on time-intensive compression. QPL-HTSLib offers order of magnitude speedups for the compression and decompression of the SAM and BAM file formats commonly used in genomics workflows at the cost of a slightly larger compressed file, and is a drop-in replacement for HTSlib on Intel systems. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: QPL-HTSLib is freely available on Github as an open-source software project.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1990

Free molecular biological software available from the EMBL file server.

A new service provided by EMBL (EMBL Software File Server) is described that will make free molecular biology software available to anyone with computer network access. MS-DOS, Apple Macintosh and VAX/VMX are supported at the moment. The programs will be delivered by normal electronic mail; conversion mechanisms will transform binary files to ASCII to allow mail transfer. This service will also help authors to distribute their software conveniently.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2025

Parsing GTF and FASTA files using the eccLib Library.

SUMMARY: Leveraging the Python/C API, eccLib was developed as a high-performance library designed for parsing genomic files and analysing genomic contexts. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the fastest Python-based solution available. With eccLib, users can efficiently parse GTF/GFFv3 and FASTA files and utilize the provided methods for additional analysis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: This library is implemented in C and distributed under the GPL-3.0 licence. It is compatible with any system that has the Python interpreter (CPython) installed. The use of C enables numerous optimizations at both the implementation and algorithmic levels, which are either unachievable or impractical in Python.

Software↗

PubMed1988

Use of a computer data file for storage of heat resistance data on bacterial spores.

The use of a computer data file to compile published heat resistance data on bacterial spores is described. Information relating to sporulation, heating and recovery of the spores, in addition to decimal reduction times at different temperatures has been stored. The data file was constructed using Minitab and an indexer program on a VAX 11/750 computer operating on VMS. Storage of the data in this way enables rapid manipulation and analysis of large quantities of information relating to heat resistance of bacterial spores.

Clostridium↗

PubMed1977

The Protein Data Bank. A computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures.

The Protein Data Bank is a computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures. The Bank stores in a uniform format atomic co-ordinates and partial bond connectivities, as derived from crystallographic studies. Text included in each data entry gives pertinent information for the structure at hand (e.g. species from which the molecule has been obtained, resolution of diffraction data, literature citations and specifications of secondary structure). In addition to atomic co-ordinates and connectivities, the Protein Data Bank stores structure factors and phases, although these latter data are not placed in any uniform format. Input of data to the Bank and general maintenance functions are carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory. All data stored in the Bank are available on magnetic tape for public distribution, from Brookhaven (to laboratories in the Americas), Tokyo (Japan), and Cambridge (Europe and worldwide). A master file is maintained at Brookhaven and duplicate copies are stored in Cambridge and Tokyo. In the future, it is hoped to expand the scope of the Protein Data Bank to make available co-ordinates for standard structural types (e.g. alpha-helix, RNA double-stranded helix) and representative computer programs of utility in the study and interpretation of macromolecular structures.

Computers↗

PubMed1977

Maintenance and use of cumulative haematology files on a laboratory computer.

A system is described for the maintenance of cumulative haematology records for selected patients using a laboratory minicomputer with limited storage capacity. Records are indexed by the patient's name and location since, as in the majority of hospital laboratories, there is no unique numbering scheme which covers all patients. The computer system imitates the procedures of manual filing, listing uncertain record matches for human decision. Applications include the production of a regularly updated printing of of cumulative files, the preparation of graphs from cumulative blood count records, and the provision of a summary and follow-up service for general practitioners.

Computers↗

PubMed1992

A standard file format for data from DNA sequencing instruments.

There are now a number of machines for determining DNA sequences. These devices are currently of two types: those such as the Applied Biosystems 373A and the Pharmacia A.L.F. which interpret the sequences of samples as they run on gels within the machine, and those, such as the Bio-Rad and Amersham readers that scan and analyse conventional autoradiographs. Both types of machine can produce their data in the form of traces which represent the band intensity of each of the four base types at each position in the sequence. At present all the machines write files in different formats. We describe a machine independent format for storing data derived from automatic sequencing machines. Files in this format can store the derived sequence, the traces and a set of confidence measures for each base. We have adopted the format as the standard for our sequence handling software.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed1975

Automatic and manual indexing performance in a small file of medical literature.

A test of the performance of an automatic indexing procedure based on the processing of the full text of medical journal articles shows results comparable to those achieved using Excerpta Medica and MEDLARS manual indexing. A file of nineteen documents was partitioned by sixteen questions, for each of which two search strategies in each indexing language were formulated. The results were compared to ideal answers chosen by a fourth-year medical student who read the entire file and posed the questions.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Scanning electron microscope study of chemically disinfected endodontic files].

Forty stainless steel endodontic files were observed at scanning electron microscopy after being subjected to ten disinfection cycles of 10 minutes each one, immersed in different chemical disinfectants. Corrosion was not observed on the surface of the files in circumstances that this study was made.

Corrosion↗

PubMed1991

[S.E.M. study of surface condition of ultrasonic K files].

The present study was not about the interest of the association of ultrasonic instrumentation with irrigation in the root canal therapy, but about the wear of the K files themselves. The results showed with the assistance of the sono-synergistic system, files are almost as clean as the sterile are. This is important for the prevention of possible contamination.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗

PubMed1991

[Magneto-optical disk filing system for oral diagnostic reports and their synchronized images].

The rewritable and compact media of magneto-optical disk (MOD) is firstly applied to store medical images with spoken reporting. The MOD has multi-media function of communication and filing. Our system is optimized in terms of recording length of speech based upon our clinical research. The results will have influences over the future PACS. One of their examples is possibility of multimedia PACS with images, speeches and demographic data. Another example is prevention of dispersion of images which have no interpretations by radiologists. Our next step is to recognize filed speech in background processing for printing reports.

Optical Storage Devices↗

PubMed1990

Endodontic file design and dynamics in automated root canal preparation. Concepts, materials and methods.

Many treatment failures in endodontics are caused by problems that occurred during canal preparation. This article reviews principles of endodontic instrument design and analyzes the design as it relates to an automated handpiece. After a review of the problems of automation, there will be an introduction of a new automated handpiece and a new modified file known as the Anticurvature File.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed1990

[Effects of paraformaldehyde steam sterilization on K-files].

Success of endodontic therapy depends upon both operator's skill and quality of the employed instruments. K-files have been examined for they probably are the most commonly used endodontic instruments. It is particularly important to take into consideration, together with the original quality of the instruments, its possible changes due to the wear from sterilization. In this paper have been therefore evaluated the characteristics of brand-new K-files from three different manufacturers together with the wear of the same instruments after paraformaldehyde steam sterilization.

Corrosion↗

PubMed1990

[A new computerized system for electroencephalography at the Kochi Medical School Hospital: the present status and problems of electroencephalogram data filing systems].

The usual electroencephalography (EEG) recording consumes great amounts of paper, considerable storage space for records and much time and energy for their search and retrieval. In addition, we can not perform digitized analyses of the records with the present method. To solve these problems, our laboratory developed a new computerized system for EEG, in which data are retained in optic disks, and which has been in service for routine examination since December, 1988. The functions of the system and EEG filing system, include the collection, retention, retrieval, transmission and analyses of data with the reproduction of the original EEG and editing function of summary reports to be filed in the medical records. The summary report consists of summary, characteristic wave patterns picked up and edited from EEG, and spectral array and topographical mapping by digitized analyses of EEG. The condition for the collection of EEG data was 200 Hz/8 bit, and the reproduced wave patterns were accepted by all clinicians. The merits of the system include; (i) saving of paper, space and time needed for EEG, (ii) enabling the comparison of the wave patterns in the form of summary reports and (iii) the capability of digitized analyses of EEG by retaining the EEG data in the data base. The problems remaining to be improved for the system are the longer time required for examination (5-10 min) and the higher running cost (yen 460/order). Regarding the latter problem, a revised method which dispenses with recording paper is under consideration. That is, in the case of screening examinations, summary reports for medical records alone would be delivered to clinicians. This idea has been accepted by some clinicians. To realize the revised system, we presently are planning to establish a method to display EEG on CRT.

Data Collection↗