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PubMed2000

Thioredoxin expression in human myometrium and fibroids.

Thioredoxin is a small multifunctional protein which acts as a dithiol hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase in DNA synthesis. Thioredoxin participates in the regulation of different metabolic processes, such as changes in the activity of different enzymes, receptors or transcription factors. The aim of the present study was to determine possible differences in the expression of thioredoxin between myometrium and fibroids in women during different periods of life. Thioredoxin mRNA concentrations were determined in myometrial and fibroid tissues obtained from women during the menstrual cycle, during treatment with an analogue of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH agonist), in the postmenopausal period (PMP) and during pregnancy. The concentration of thioredoxin mRNA was measured by a solution hybridization method. The localization of thioredoxin protein was examined by immunohistochemistry. There were significantly lower levels of thioredoxin expression in both fibroids and myometrium from GnRH agonist treated and PMP women in comparison with the pregnant women. No difference in thioredoxin expression was found between myometrium and fibroids from the same woman or between myometria from uteri with or without fibroids in the same patient group. Thioredoxin expression in uterine fibroids does not seem to be up-regulated, but changes in response to the endocrine conditions in a similar way to that observed in the myometrium.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The positive effect of targeted marketing on an existing uterine fibroid embolization practice.

PURPOSE: Although uterine fibroid embolization is an effective treatment option for symptomatic women, it is unclear what methods can be used to expand referrals in an already established practice. The authors tested the hypothesis that an advertising strategy focused on a defined target market can expand an existing uterine fibroid embolization practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A market-driven planning sequence was employed. This included a determination of goals, an examination of current competition, determination of target market based on local environment and previous consumer use, pretest of product sample, and implementation of advertisement. Based on the analysis the authors determined that the target audience was professional black women aged 35 to 45. A specific weekly magazine was selected due to readership demographics. An advertisement was run for 8 consecutive weeks. The authors prospectively tracked patient inquiries, clinic visits, cases performed, and revenues generated for 3 months following the initial advertisement. All patients were seen in a fully staffed, preexisting fibroid clinic located within an urban, university-based academic practice performing 250 uterine fibroid embolizations annually. RESULTS: Ninety calls were received directly related to the advertisement. There were 35 clinic visits, which resulted in 17 uterine fibroid embolizations and 52 total MR imaging procedures. Eighteen patients were not considered candidates based on established protocols. The 17 extra cases performed over 3 months represented a 27% increase in case volume. Total professional cash collections for these cases (including MR imaging) were 58,317 US dollars. The cost of advertising was 8,000 US dollars. As a result of existing infrastructure, no additional costs were necessary. This resulted in a net revenue gain 50,317 US dollars and a nonannualized rate of return of approximately 625%. CONCLUSION: As Interventional Radiologists look to develop and expand existing practices, traditional marketing tools such as those utilized in this study can be used to facilitate practice growth for specific clinical programs, such as uterine artery embolization. Defining a target market can significantly expand an existing uterine fibroid embolization practice. The optimal choice of targeted media awaits verification from future studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor165 levels and uterine fibroid volume.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor165 (VEGF165) demonstrates increased expression in uterine fibroids. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum VEGF165 levels and uterine fibroid volume. METHODS: On a prospective observational basis, 80 women with symptomatic uterine fibroids underwent hysterectomy. Uterine weight was determined after hysterectomy. Six hours before and 48 h after hysterectomy, serum VEGF165 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed no correlation between serum VEGF165 levels and uterine weight (r=0.0037; P>0.05). The mean serum VEGF165 level declined significantly from 716.31+/-457.99 to 581.81+/-403.32 pg/mL after hysterectomy (P<0.0001). Controlling for age, body mass index, uterine weight, proliferative or secretory phase, and parity, only parous patients (n=58) were found to have significantly decreased serum VEGF165 levels after hysterectomy (P=0.000035), in contrast to nulliparous patients (n=22; P=0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Serum VEGF165 levels do not correlate with uterine fibroid volume, but demonstrate a significant decrease after hysterectomy. The decrease in serum VEGF165 levels after hysterectomy was significant in parous but not in nulliparous patients with uterine fibroids. Serum VEGF165 levels may not predict uterine fibroid development.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Long-term follow up of uterine artery embolisation--an effective alternative in the treatment of fibroids.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and complications of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: A district general hospital and two private hospitals in the southeast of England. POPULATION: Women with symptomatic fibroids who had been offered surgical options for treatment. METHODS: Postal questionnaire follow up at 5-7 years to assess long-term clinical effects among women who had undergone UAE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The questionnaire was subdivided into sections dealing with menstrual flow, amenorrhoea and menopause, fibroid-related symptoms, fertility, vaginal discharge, sexual function, subsequent treatments for fibroids and satisfaction with the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 258 women were identified as being between 5 and 7 years post-UAE and suitable for long-term follow up in October 2004. One hundred seventy-two completed questionnaires were analysed (67% response rate). Seventy-five percent of women still had either a return to normal or an improvement in menstrual flow compared with how they were prior to UAE. More than 80% of fibroid-related symptoms were still resolved or improved. Sixteen percent of women required further treatment for fibroids. Premature menopause directly following UAE occurred in only one woman in the study group. Eighty-eight percent of women were satisfied with the outcome of the procedure at 5-7 years and would choose it again or recommend it to others. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that UAE is of benefit to women wishing to avoid hysterectomy and it carries a low risk of complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Uterine fibroids: contrast-enhanced MR angiography to predict ovarian artery supply--initial experience.

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in helping predict ovarian artery supply of uterine fibroids by using postembolization conventional aortography as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The protocol for the study was approved by the institutional review board, and each patient gave informed consent. Ninety consecutive women (mean age, 42.5 years; range, 33-63 years) underwent MR angiography before uterine artery embolization (UAE). The number and origin of the ovarian arteries were determined. Ovarian artery supply of fibroids was graded as very unlikely, possible, or very likely by using a scoring system based on a combination of MR angiographic findings. MR angiographic results were compared with those of conventional aortography performed after UAE in all patients and followed by selective angiography in case of a suspected ovarian artery supply of fibroids. Analysis of the association between MR angiographic grading and conventional angiography as the standard of reference was performed with a chi(2) trend test. Sensitivity and specificity, including exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs), of MR angiography were determined. RESULTS: MR angiography depicted 18 ovarian arteries (four bilateral, 10 unilateral), one with an atypical origin. Five ovarian arteries were classified as very likely; three, as possible; and 10, as very unlikely sources of arterial fibroid supply. Seven (39%) of 18 ovarian arteries detected at MR angiography were visible at conventional aortography. Fibroid supply was verified at selective angiography in five ovarian arteries in five (6%) of 90 patients. There was a strong association between MR angiographic grading and the results of conventional angiography (P = .002). Sensitivity of MR angiography in depicting ovarian artery supply (grade, possible or very likely) was 100% (five of five, 95% CI: 48%; 100%) and specificity was 77% (10 of 13, 95% CI: 46%; 95%). CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced MR angiography can help predict ovarian artery supply of uterine fibroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta in uterine fibroids and myometrium.

Fibroids (leiomyomata) are the commonest tumours in women, but their aetiology is unknown. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) may be important factors involved in fibroid growth. We examined the mRNA expression of these two growth factors in fibroids and corresponding myometrium from 20 women who underwent hysterectomy because of fibroids. We also examined these factors in samples of fibroids from 9 women who underwent myomectomy after pretreatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. We found that both factors were expressed in the three types of tissue examined. We also found that there was no difference in the relative abundance of either of the two growth factors between the tissues studied. Despite the lack of difference, we postulate that EGF and TGF beta may be important in fibroid growth because of a possible interaction between the two factors in this tissue.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed2003

Abdominal myomectomy versus uterine fibroid embolization in the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare treatment efficacy and complications of abdominal myomectomy with those of uterine fibroid embolization in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the outcomes of 111 consecutive patients who underwent abdominal myomectomy (n = 44) or fibroid embolization (n = 67) over a 30-month period. The mean ages of the two groups were 37.7 years (range, 28-48 years) and 44.2 years (range, 31-56 years), respectively. A questionnaire and review of medical records assessed all procedure-related complications and changes in symptoms. Length of hospital stay, time until resumption of daily activities, and pain medication requirements after the procedure were also analyzed. RESULTS: Follow-up times for the myomectomy and embolization groups were 14.6 and 14.3 months, respectively. The respective observed success rates in abdominal myomectomy and uterine fibroid embolization patients were 64% versus 92% for menorrhagia (p < 0.05), 54% versus 74% for pain (not significant), and 91% versus 76% for mass effect (p < 0.05). The complication rates were 25% (abdominal myomectomy) and 11% (uterine fibroid embolization) (p < 0.05). The respective secondary end points for the two procedures were 2.9 versus 0 days mean hospital stay, 8.7 versus 5.1 days of narcotics use, and 36 versus 8 days until resumption of normal activities. These differences were all statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Uterine fibroid embolization is a less invasive and safer treatment option in women with symptomatic leiomyomas than myomectomy. Menorrhagia may be better controlled with embolization, and myomectomy may be a better option in patients with mass effect. Both procedures were equally effective in controlling pain.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2003

Is a large fibroid a high-risk factor for uterine artery embolization?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to determine whether tumor size, specifically uterine fibroids of 10 cm or larger, predisposes a patient to an unacceptably high risk at uterine artery embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred fifty-two consecutive women underwent embolization for uterine fibroids. Complications and outcomes were analyzed using questionnaires and serial MRI between women with one or more uterine fibroids of 10 cm or larger diameter (mean, 12.4 cm; range, 10-19 cm) (n = 47, group 1) and women with each uterine fibroid of less than 10 cm diameter (mean, 6.8 cm; range, 2-9.5 cm) (n = 105, group 2). RESULTS: Thirty complications (19.7%, 30/152), which occurred in 27 women (17.8%, 27/152), were noted. However, 25 of 30 complications were minor, requiring no or nominal therapy. They occurred in 19.1% (9/47) of group 1 and in 15.2% (16/105) of group 2 women (p = 0.637). Major complications requiring major therapy, unplanned increased level of care, or unanticipated prolonged hospitalization (> 48 hr) or including permanent adverse sequelae were noted in 6.4% (3/47) of group 1 and in 1.9% (2/105) of group 2 women (p = 0.172). Of these five women, four underwent surgery because of sloughing fibroids. Permanent adverse sequelae were observed in one woman of group 1, who has had sexual dysfunction after embolization. No deaths occurred in either group. There was no significant difference in most outcomes or in intervals until the complete disappearance of postprocedural pain and full recovery between the two groups. CONCLUSION: We found no increased risk to patients undergoing uterine artery embolization for fibroids on the basis of tumor size. Successful outcomes can be obtained for such lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Intrauterine therapy with levonorgestrel releasing IUD of women with hypermenorrhea secondary to uterine fibroids].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mirena IUD (Schering) treatment in women with severe menstrual bleedings secondary to uterine fibroids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 12 women in the age of 30 to 43 years (average 36.4) with uterine fibroids and severe menstrual bleedings. Eight patients developed anemia with hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dL. All women were treated with the levonorgestrel releasing IUD. Half of the group was observed for 6, and the remaining women for 12 months. Intensity of menstrual bleedings was evaluated prior and after the treatment. US evaluation comprised measurements of endometrium and the fibroids. RESULTS: No early complications were observed following the insertion of the IUD. Six weeks following the insertion, one patient had persisted menstrual bleedings and was operated, the remaining 11 noted decrease in the intensity of menstruation. After twelve weeks 3 out of 6 women with intramural fibroids developed ammenorrhea, the remaining 3 had scanty menstrual bleedings. Hemoglobin levels were normal in 11 women already 6 months after the insertion of IUD. Post treatment US revealed endometrium thickness of no more then 4 mm, and no change in the fibroids volume. CONCLUSION: Insertion of levonorgestrel releasing Mirena IUD (Schering) reduces intensity of menstrual bleedings secondary to uterine fibroids.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Fibroids and hypertension. A cross-sectional study of women undergoing hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether uterine fibroids are associated with hypertension. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 543 consecutive women, 41-89 years of age, who underwent hysterectomy in 1984 and 1994 for benign indications at Helsinki University Central Hospital were included in the study. Preoperative information on indications for the procedure, current use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or other medication, parity, body mass index and blood pressure (BP) was obtained from medical records. The presence of fibroids was confirmed from the pathology report. Women were classified as hypertensive if they currently used antihypertensive medication, had a history of hypertension without current medication or had a preoperatively measured BP > 140/90 mm Hg. RESULTS: Women with fibroids were significantly younger and more likely to use HRT than the other women. Uterine fibroids were more frequent among hypertensive (42%) than normotensive (37%) women. In logistic regression analysis, fibroids were statistically significantly associated with hypertension (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7). The association between myomas and hypertension was strongest (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-10.9) among women with hysterectomies for benign adnexal tumors. CONCLUSION: Uterine fibroids and/or adnexal tumors may share pathogenic features with the development of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of fibroids on cumulative probability of pregnancy in women taking follicle maturing drugs without assisted reproductive technology.

PURPOSE: To determine if the presence of uterine fibroids adversely affect in vivo conception rates. METHODS: Pelvic ultrasound evaluation of the presence or absence of fibroids in consecutive infertility patients not treated with assisted reproductive technology in a two-year period. Conception outcome noted. Data analyzed according to the presence or absence of fibroids. RESULTS: No difference in cumulative probability of pregnancy after five months was seen in patients with or without the presence of fibroids. There were no confounding variables found that could have skewed the pregnancy rates in one direction or the other. CONCLUSION: In general the presence of fibroids do not adversely affect conception outcome for in vivo pregnancies. However, since the majority of the fibroids were small (< 6 cm) and were not submucosal and did not compress the endometrial cavity, larger studies are needed to address specific subtypes and circumstances on pregnancy outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Comparative study of laparoscopically assisted myomectomy and mini- laparotomy for uterine intramural fibroids].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopically assisted myomectomy (LAM) for uterine intramural fibroids. METHODS: Thirty-seven selected patients with uterine intramural fibroids with the diameters > 5 cm and < 9 cm were subjected to LAM technique, the intramural fibroid of 2 among which penetrated into the uterine cavity (< 50%). LAM was completed with a laparoscopically assisted enucleation. After the fibroid was half-scripped, the incision of puncture point at the middle of abdominal wall was expanded to 4 approximately 5 cm in length. The scripping of the fibroid and the suture of the uterine wound were completed outside the abdominal incision. The duration of operation, blood loss, intra- and post-operation complications and time to full recovery were evaluated and comparison with those in 630 patients with hysteromyoama who underwent myomectomy by laparotomy during the same period. RESULTS: The operative time in LAM group ranged from 50 min to 240 min (101 min +/- 56 min), without a significant difference in comparison with that in the group of myomectomy by laparotomy (89 min +/- 38 min, P > 0.05). However, the median of blood loss in LAM group was 50 ml, significantly less than that in the group of myomectomy by laparotomy (80 ml, P < 0.05). The incidence of pyrexia was lower and the time needed for recovery was shorter after LAM in comparison with those in the group of myomectomy by laparotomy (P < 0.001). Neither intra-operative nor post- operative complication was observed in the LAM group. Eight of the 11 cases with infertility in the LAM group were conceived at least one year after LAM. The pregnancy was uneventful and proceeded to cesarean section at the 37 approximately 38 th week. CONCLUSION: LAM operation is feasible and safe, and offers a easy-to-perform minimally invasive myomectomy technique for intramural fibroid removal with all the advantages of laparoscopic surgery and a good reconstructive outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Uterine fibroids: relationships to reproduction.

The purpose of this review is to summarize the available evidence on the effects of uterine fibroids on fertility, infertility and pregnancy outcomes, and the effects of parity on fibroids. Fibroids, found in approximately 4% of pregnant women, are associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications. However, prophylactic myomectomy in asymptomatic women is not only unjustified, but it may have adverse effects on reproduction. Fibroids are found in 1% to 2.4% of women with unexplained infertility. Removal of fibroids that distort the uterine cavity may be beneficial in infertile women with unexplained infertility and in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. The pregnancy rate after hysteroscopic, laparoscopic or abdominal myomectomy appears to be the same. Laparoscopic myolysis appears to have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes while uterine artery occlusion in infertile and fertile women requires urgent prospective evaluation. Parity appears to be a natural global killer of uterine fibroids, most likely, through transient uterine ischemia, similar to that of uterine artery occlusion.

Female↗
PubMed2003

[Influential factors to therapeutic efficacy of uterine artery embolization in the treatment of uterine fibroids].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of uterine artery embolization in the treatment of uterine fibroids and to analyse the influential factors to the therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with symptomatic uterine myomas were treated by superselective catheterization and embolization of bilateral uterine arteries using PVA particles. Patients were followed for 6 months after uterine artery embolization. Baseline symptoms and the volume of the fibroids were used as parameters to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Influential factors to therapeutic efficacy were analyzed. RESULTS: The clinical symptoms, especially heavy menstrual bleeding, were improved markedly. An average of 55.6% volume reduction of the fibroids was achieved during the 6 month follow-up. The submucosal and intramural location of the myomas reduced more in the volume compared with that of the subserosal location. CONCLUSION: Selective uterine artery embolization is effective for uterine myoma. Influential factors to the therapeutic efficacy may include: postprocedural vascular reconstruction in the fibroid, location of the fibroid, hemodynamic status of the fibroid, and the mode of embolization (unilateral or bilateral).

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Uterine artery embolisation for symptomatic fibroids in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.

INTRODUCTION: Transcatheter uterine artery embolisation (UAE) for the treatment of symptomatic uterine enlargement due to fibroids has been performed in several overseas centres with promising results. We report our experience with UAE in Singapore General Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty women with symptomatic uterine fibroids who declined surgery were treated by transcatheter UAE. The uterine arteries were selectively catheterised and embolised with polyvinyl alcohol particles. Post-procedure analgesia was administered via a patient-controlled analgesia pump. The patients were followed up at regular intervals clinically and with transabdominal ultrasonography. RESULTS: Transcatheter UAE was performed on all patients with no major complications. Nineteen patients had both uterine arteries embolised while 1 patient had only the right uterine artery embolised on account of hypoplasia of the left uterine artery. The mean hospital stay was 3.5 days (range, 2 to 9). At a mean follow-up of 56 weeks (range, 6 to 168), all patients reported improvements in their presenting symptoms. Objective improvement in terms of reduction of uterine and fibroid sizes was determined on ultrasonography. The median size of the uterine volume decreased from 308 to 187 mL while the median diameter of the largest fibroid reduced from 6.2 to 4.6 cm. The median haemoglobin level increased to 12.7 g/dL from the pre-procedural median of 9.9 g/dL. One patient, who initially responded with a decrease in uterine and dominant fibroid size, became symptomatic (menorrhagia) at 6 months post-embolisation. She underwent a repeat procedure with complete resolution of symptoms. A second patient had recurrence of symptoms at 12 months, but was subsequently lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Mid-term results of UAE for the treatment of symptomatic fibroids in our hospital indicate this to be a safe and effective therapeutic option.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Enucleation of intramural uterine fibroids in women at fertile age: midterm results of prospective clinical trials].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical and reproductive outcomes of patients after laparoscopic (LM) or open (OM) myomectomy. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Prague. METHODS: Women under the age of 40 with intramural fibroid larger than 4 cm were indicated for myomectomy. LM was performed when laparoscopy revealed solitary or 2 fibroids smaller than 8 cm; otherwise the OM was carried out. The patients were followed at 6 months intervals. RESULTS: 80 myomectomies with extirpation of 121 myomas was performed from January 2002 to April 2005. The average age was 33.5 years, average size of dominant fibroid 56 mm. 38% of women suffered from infertility; the mean follow-up was 15.6 months. We performed LM in 56 cases (70%). From 24 open procedures 18 were elective and 6 converted from laparoscopy. In 18 patients some of the fibroid--ischemization procedures (uterine arteries embolization or laparoscopic dissection, or laparoscopic myolysis) preceded myomectomy. In the group with LM there was significantly lower peri-procedural blood loss, lower count of leucocytes and CRP concentration the 2nd day after surgery, shorter stay in the hospital, shorter interval between surgery and conception, and lower incidence of early complications than in women with OM. Fibroid related symptoms fully disappeared in 76% of patients. 20 women from 38 that have already tried to conceive have achieved 22 gestations so far: 9 deliveries (2 preterm; 3 vaginal, 6 Cesarean), 6 miscarriages, 1 ectopic and 6 ongoing pregnancies at the moment. CONCLUSION: In the hands of surgeons experienced in operative laparoscopy the enucleation of intramural uterine fibroids is safe, symptomatically effective, mostly low invasive procedure with good reproductive prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Role of goserelin-depot in the clinical management of uterine fibroids.

On 30 women suffering from uterine fibroids, the monthly subcutaneous administration of goserelin depot (3.6 mg) for 6 (n = 22) or 12 months (n = 8) induced an about 50% shrinkage of uterus and fibroid volume, and within 3 months, an increase in the haematocrit value, with no metabolic side effects or detectable bone demineralization, evaluated by single photon absortiometry at distal radius. Both uterine and fibroid volumes reversed to pretreatment values after 3 months of goserelin depot withdrawal. In comparison with untreated subjects, on another 10 patients a three month administration of goserelin depot reduced the loss of blood during the surgical removal of the uterus or fibroids. Present data indicate that goserelin depot is effective and relatively safe in the medical management of uterine fibroids. Although, goserelin depot cannot yet be proposed as a definite medical therapy, it may represent a useful instrument in the presurgical management of uterine fibroids.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

A Comparative Analysis of the Methylation Status of Non-Coding RNA Promoters in Fibroid and Matched Myometrium.

Uterine fibroids exhibit dysregulated expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We investigated promoter DNA methylation and its relationship with ncRNA expression in fibroids. Genomic DNA from eight paired fibroid and matched myometrial tissues was analyzed using MeDIP-chip to identify differentially methylated ncRNA promoters. Selected candidates were validated by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in 16 paired samples, and transcript expression was assessed by qRT-PCR in 68-94 paired specimens. MeDIP-chip identified 538 lncRNAs and 61 miRNAs with differential promoter methylation, including 300 hypermethylated and 238 hypomethylated lncRNAs and 47 hypermethylated and 14 hypomethylated miRNAs. Promoter methylation was not significantly correlated with transcript expression (r = -0.1224). MSP confirmed hypermethylation of LINC-PINT and MIR9-3 and hypomethylation of WT1-AS and TTLL10-AS1. Correspondingly, LINC-PINT and MIR9-3 expression was decreased, whereas WT1-AS and TTLL10-AS1 expression was increased in fibroids. However, LINC-PINT and TTLL10-AS1 methylation did not fully correspond with MeDIP-chip findings. These results reveal widespread ncRNA promoter methylation alterations in uterine fibroids but demonstrate that genome-wide methylation does not consistently predict transcript expression, highlighting the complexity of ncRNA epigenetic regulation and the importance of locus-specific validation.

Humans↗