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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Learning to love the state action doctrine.

The state action doctrine receives relatively little attention in the Federal Trade Commission/Department of Justice 2004 report on competition in the health care sector. Not surprisingly, the report focuses primarily on urging states to reconsider specific laws that tend to restrict competition in health care markets but that are clearly shielded by the state action doctrine. Relatively little attention is given to the interpretation of the doctrine itself. This article employs the twin themes of institutional choice and market failure to evaluate a number of interpretive proposals affecting the state action doctrine that were available to, but not taken up by, the agencies. It also proposes using the state action doctrine to ease the burden on courts in market-failure cases in which there is an obvious threat to competition and the alternative of publicly accountable regulatory action is available.

Antitrust Laws↗
PubMed1996

What veterinary practice managers can learn from other health care professions.

Joel Barker, a noted futurist, points out that the best ideas usually come from outside an industry or profession. As a management consultant, I often get new ideas from industries completely unrelated to my clients' industry. For example, companies interested in offering outstanding customer service might study Nordstrom's, L.L. Bean, or Lexus. Those interested in world class distribution might research Federal Express or United Parcel Service. Airlines, trying to minimize downtime of jets at the terminal, learn secrets from Indianapolis 500 pit crews. Similarly, in observing optometrists and dentists, there are valuable lessons for veterinarians. Dentists identified a business model or organizational structure that generates healthy profits. Independent optometrists experienced the onslaught of intense competition from huge corporate players and weathered the storm. The veterinary profession is not so unique. By studying other professions, we need not recreate the wheel.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

NCAA college freshmen academic requirements: academic standards or unfair roadblocks for students with learning disabilities?

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has implemented sweeping legislation for all high school students who desire to participate in Division I or II freshman college athletics. Cutoff scores have been set by the NCAA in two areas: grade-point average (GPA) in "core" high school courses, and college-bound tests. High schools must obtain approval from the NCAA Initial-Eligibility Clearinghouse when determining core courses. Unfortunately, minimal attention has been given in the professional learning disability literature to the implications of the NCAA's policies, especially with regard to federal antidiscrimination legislation. Issues are raised regarding (a) the use of test score cutoffs, (b) a minimum GPA for core courses, (c) the responsibility of high schools, and (d) the lack of alternative eligibility procedures for accessing the essential elements of the NCAA's program. Options for consideration are provided in the context of meeting the needs of students with learning disabilities.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The care of patients with hematologic problems -- a teaching-learning experience].

This study presents the experience of a group of students of the nursing graduation course at the Fluminense Federal University regarding the care of patients with hematological problems. It shows how these students deal with the death and suffering when contacting patients with chronic diseases. The investigation also aims at indicating how important these matters are for student's reflexive and critical development during their training period.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2001

OSHA's hazard communication standard. What it means for U.S. hospitals.

Chemical hazards are an important issue for employers, employees, and the organizations that represent them. In the United States, this fact is reflected in the proliferation of state and federal laws designed to provide workers with the means to protect themselves from such hazards. "Right-to-know" legislation, as these laws have become known, are intended to help employees learn about potential chemical hazards in the workplace and how to avoid them. In this article, we focus on the federal right-to-know law--the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's hazard communication standard--discussing in general terms the tasks that U.S. hospitals must perform to comply with the standard. We've simplified these tasks into (1) identifying hazardous agents, (2) developing and implementing a written hazard communication program, and (3) training employees.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

Food Stamp Program participation is associated with better academic learning among school children.

Household food insecurity is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in children and adolescents, including poor school performance. U.S. federal food assistance programs such as the Food Stamp Program (FSP) aim to help prevent household food insecurity and its outcomes. Program participation may act as a resource either to counteract the effects of constraints such as food insecurity or to modify the effects of food insecurity on outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether FSP participation was associated with child reading and mathematics learning, weight gain, and social skills and whether these associations depended on degree of estimated need for the program. Data used were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohort, a large nationally representative sample. A difference (i.e., fixed-effects) model was used to minimize bias in the estimation of association resulting from unmeasured covariates. Starting FSP participation during the 4 years from K to third grade was associated with about a 3-point greater improvement in reading and mathematics score as compared with stopping FSP participation during that period. But it was for female students only that this association was large and significant. Children in households starting FSP participation had slightly but not significantly less weight gain compared with children in households stopping FSP participation. This study provides the strongest evidence to date that FSP participation plausibly has beneficial effects for children on nonnutritional outcomes, specifically academic learning. The mechanisms for this relationship are not well understood and may be through both dietary intake and stress.

Child↗
PubMed1998

A multifunctional system of the national genetic register.

The National (Federal) Russian Genetic Register operates as a multifunctional system. It is designed for finding solution to the following key problems: 1. Information provision to watch families having children with hereditary and congenital diseases. 2. Follow up of the diagnostic process (including that associated with molecular-cytogenetic studies) and making predictive decisions concerning a risk of hereditary disease in the family. 3. Monitoring of new cases of congenital/hereditary disease under the effect of genotoxic and general toxic environmental factors. 4. Rendering consulting services to those concerned and reference information on the organizational/methodological problems. The relational database is composed of textual and graphical data. This enables the doctors to enter and review the pedigree in the form they have got accustomed to. Numerous built-in classification schemes help simplify and speed up the completion of the medical records. An additional information can be entered in the textual form. When requested by the user, the information about the patient and his (her) family, stored in the database, can be displayed as a summary document (a statement). To do so, a special algorithm based on the results of the logical information analysis, as well as medical history of the patients themselves and their families' members has been put forward. The document thus compiled is open for being edited by the doctor. The local computer network is operated in the "user-server" mode. For information protection purposes, an authorized access system has been devised to protect various data categories. The software tools operate in the Windows environment for IBM-compatible personal computers. Also, use is made of Microsoft SQL-Server, Visual Fox-Pro 3.0, Visual C+2 2.1, and FORTRAN 5.1. The doctor decision modules are activated with mathematical models, an expert system, and a self-learning recognizing system. The Windows NT system is a choice for the existing Federal and Regional Genetic Centers. For territorial consulting purposes other alternatives might be Windows for Workgroup 3.11 or Windows 95. The local computer networks in individual organizations will be integrated to form a Corporate Medical Genetics Service of Russia. The system is to be completed before the year 2000 in a number of phases. Up to now, program packages for family database management and recurrent risk calculations have been worked out and tested.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Knowledge of performance, skill level and performance on the balance beam.

Knowledge of performance (KP) using video-tape replay (VTR) was given to a group of girls aged 12--13, n = 8, learning to perform a beginning balance beam routine. A control group (n = 8) was taught utilizing conventional information feedback. Performance was assessed by three U.S. Federation Gymnastic judges after four weeks and again after six weeks. All S's in the experimental group were judged to be at the associative learning stage. The data were analyzed using a mixed repeated measures design with one between and one within subjects variables. A significant treatment effect (F = 48.7, alpha less than or equal to .01) and treatment by group interaction (F = 19.21, alpha less than or equal to .01) resulted. The experimental group was responsible for the bulk of the significance and it was therefore concluded th KP via VTP for S's in the associative learning stage was beneficial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Measuring mammography compliance: lessons learned from a survival analysis of screening behavior.

Data from a telephone survey of women participating in a federally funded screening program were used to demonstrate the sensitivity of mammography compliance estimates to varying definitions of the time interval within which women are considered compliant with screening guidelines and what constitutes a true screening (as opposed to diagnostic) mammogram. The survival analysis approach used reveals patterns concealed by other approaches to measuring mammography behavior and provides a means for quantifying the impact of various definitional choices on compliance estimates. The results suggest that, although variations in defining and excluding potential diagnostic mammograms lead to differences in compliance measures no greater than 6%, differences as small as 1 month in the screening interval definition used can produce differences in compliance estimates as large as 27%. These results call into question the comparability of estimates across studies and suggest that standard measures would greatly facilitate future efforts in understanding how to promote compliance with mammography screening guidelines.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Three high school after-school initiatives: lessons learned.

Alarmed by the large numbers of high school-age youth who are disengaged at school and leaving high school without a diploma or the important skills for the workplace, policymakers and youth advocates are beginning to see high school after-school as the new frontier in after-school programming. Although older youth represent a sizable percentage of American students, they garner only a small fraction of the federal, state, and local investments for after-school programs. This chapter reviews the insights and lessons learned from three after-school initiatives that have shown success in attracting high school students to their programs and engaging them in meaningful activities to support their success in school and transition to early adulthood: the After School Safety and Education for Teens, After School Matters, and the After-School Corporation. Emerging from these pioneering efforts are some promising practices and program models that can guide the development of future after-school programs, but not without the help of policymakers and funders, both public and private.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Competency for teaching and learning nursing diagnosis].

This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and interpretative study. The objective of the study is to relate the conceptions that professors and students have over competencies with the teaching-learning process of nursing diagnosis. The study was carried out at the Nursing School of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The information was collected in two stages. The first one through eight semi-structured individual interviews and the second one through two focus groups. One of them was formed by students and the other group was formed by professors. Content analysis was used as analysis methodology. As a result three categories were found: relation with knowledge, teaching-learning strategies and institutional context of the course.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Qualification of elderly workers in industry--problems and opportunities].

The aim of the research project was to find out the conditions of a successful occupational qualification of older workers in the Federal Republic of Germany. The more recent results of psychological research concerning the learning capacities of older people suppose that older workers can also be qualified successfully with regard to the requirements of their job. However, the project results reveal that certain basic conditions should be fulfilled for the qualification of older workers. Training measures should take place during work time; the fact has to be respected that older workers need more time to learn than younger workers; the learning material should be divided into short, separated units; older workers should not be obliged to do home-work; the creation of learning groups among the older workers should refer to different degrees of qualification, not to the age of the workers.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Methodological-didactic concepts in the occupational rehabilitation of adults in Phase II facilities?].

While specific methods from disabled and special education didactics are available for young people, pertinent didactical concepts and experience are lacking in case of adults, in particular for rehabilitees with chronic mental illness and brain damage. Further education schemes have hence been started in 1989 within the Federal working group of medical-vocational (phase II) facilities, focussing on appropriate learning strategies and on rooting them in the minds of educators and teachers. Oriented along the "Berlin didactical model", Stadler's approach is considered fundamental in developing a didactical concept for adults with disabilities. Practical suggestions and hints at existing, proven methodical strategies are used to help illustrate concrete possibilities for systematically gearing time-tested methodical strategies to disability-generated learning problems. An almost synchronous development, similar learning strategies are to be found in industrial and occupational didactics as well, under a "holistic education" and "enhancement of key qualifications" heading. Participant orientation as the fundamental principle of a "disability-specific" methodology, holistic didactic concepts, a fitting learning organization, application of project-, activity- and experience-based methods, fitting problem-solving techniques, as well as a reconsideration of current teaching principles, are in the foreground of the present contribution.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The concomitance of learning disabilities and emotional/behavioral disorders: a conceptual model.

Although research has documented overlapping and coexisting characteristics of learning disabilities and emotional/behavioral disorders, little attention has been paid to the subset of students who manifest symptoms of both disorders (LD/EBD). This gap in our professional knowledge/research base may be due to (a) exclusive language in federal definitions that promotes differentiation of disabilities rather than recognition of symptom overlap; (b) the lack of a conceptual model of concomitant learning and emotional/behavioral disorders; and (c) the absence of a research focus on this population. In this article, we construct a conceptual model involving six critical domains of relevance to students with LD/EBD. After describing the utility of this interactive and functional model, we highlight critical issues in screening, assessment, and programming for children with concomitant LD/EBD.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Reforming the core clerkship in internal medicine: the SGIM/CDIM Project. Society of General Internal Medicine/Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine.

Dramatic changes in health care have stimulated reform of undergraduate medical education. In an effort to improve the teaching of generalist competencies and encourage learning in the outpatient setting, the Society of General Internal Medicine joined with the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine in a federally sponsored initiative to develop a new curriculum for the internal medicine core clerkship. Using a broad-based advisory committee and working closely with key stakeholders (especially clerkship directors), the project collaborators helped forge a new national consensus on the learning agenda for the clerkship (a prioritized set of basic generalist competencies) and on the proportion of time that should be devoted to outpatient care (at least one third of the clerkship). From this consensus emerged a new curricular model that served as the basis for production of a curriculum guide and faculty resource package. The guide features the prioritized set of basic generalist competencies and specifies the requisite knowledge, skills, and attitudes/values needed to master them, as well as a list of suggested training problems. It also includes recommended training experiences, schedules, and approaches to faculty development, precepting, and student evaluation. Demand for the guide has been strong and led to production of a second edition, which includes additional materials, an electronic version, and a pocket guide for students and faculty. A follow-up survey of clerkship directors administered soon after completion of the first edition revealed widespread use of the curricular guide but also important barriers to full implementation of the new curriculum. Although this collaborative effort appears to have initiated clerkship reform, long-term success will require an enhanced educational infrastructure to support teaching in the outpatient setting.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1999

Scientists, senators, and "software": the keys to unlocking our future.

Scientists, educators, and researchers in the nation's medical schools, teaching hospitals, and research universities have responsibilities for ensuring a bright future for medical research. First, they must define science and communicate its wonder to their students, be their role models and mentors, and nurture and encourage the best and brightest to enter careers in medical research, since they are a precious resource for solving the many challenging and complex research problems that await them and which can bring great benefits to society. Second, they must learn to participate even more effectively and actively in the ongoing partnerships between the federal government, private enterprise, and the medical school and in the processes that lead to appropriations for the funding necessary to support the research enterprise. And finally, they need to recognize the importance of the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of medical research by urging support for the physical and social sciences, mathematics, and engineering.

Academic Medical Centers↗