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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Design and rationale of a randomised comparison of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil vs fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide in node-positive premenopausal women with operable breast cancer. A trial of the International Collaborative Cancer Group (ICCG).

In 1984, the International Collaborative Cancer Group (ICCG) started a randomised trial comparing adjuvant treatment with cyclophosphamide 100 mg/m2 orally on days 1 to 14, methotrexate 40 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8 plus fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks for 6 cycles (CMF) vs fluorouracil 600 mg/m2, epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 (FEC), all given intravenously on day 1 for 8 cycles at 3-week intervals in premenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer. However, a large French institution that joined the ICCG shortly after the trial was initiated utilised different schedules of both CMF and FEC. Because different dose intensities were also employed, particularly of FEC, both patient groups, the French and non-French, will be analysed separately. A total of 761 patients were randomised as of March 1992. Patients were well balanced for prognostic factors. The median follow-up is now 3.5 years. Preliminary data have previously been reported in abstract form. Final data will be presented pending further follow-up.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Q-TWiST analysis of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, fluorouracil versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil treatment for premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the Q-TWiST (Quality-Adjusted Time Without Symptoms and Toxicity) for premenopausal women with axillary node-positive breast cancer receiving either cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and fluorouracil (CEF) or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF), using data from a phase III clinical trial (National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group [NCIC-CGT.MA5]). METHODS: Restricted mean times by treatment group were computed at 3, 4 and 5 years as the area under the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the period of treatment-related symptomatic toxicities (TOX), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Restricted REL (the period of relapse) and TWiST (the period of best possible QOL after breast cancer diagnosis) mean times were indirectly computed as OS minus DFS and DFS minus TOX, respectively. It was assumed that TWiST has a utility coefficient equal to 1. Patients' utility values were arbitrarily set to 0.5 for the toxicity and relapse health states. It was assumed that the utility scores were constant over time. A threshold utility sensitivity analysis was conducted allowing the trade-off between the two treatments to be assessed for the entire range of the utility coefficients. A bootstrap empirical test distribution of the Q-TWiST difference between CEF and CMF was constructed in order to test the statistical significance of the Q-TWiST difference point estimate. RESULTS: The Q-TWiST mean differences (CEF minus CMF) were -0.37, 1.20 and 2.62 months at 3, 4 and 5 years, respectively. Positive differences are in favour of the CEF arm but none of the above differences were statistically significant. The threshold-utility analysis confirmed the indifference of treatment choice with respect to the utility values, at least at 5 years. There were no combinations of TOX and REL utility values such that the Q-TWiST for the standard therapy (CMF) was greater than the Q-TWiST of the experimental treatment (CEF). CONCLUSION: The computed Q-TWiST difference of 2.62 months in favour of CEF (p = 0.492 vs CMF), while not statistically significant, is an indicator that CEF treatment could be a better choice from the patient's perspective than CMF after 5 years of treatment. These results should be considered within the context of the methodological limitations posed by the assumptions in the study.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2000

5-fluorouracil alone versus 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma: meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Innovative techniques in the field of artificial intelligence could help to resolve several methodological problems. A model taking into account all the parameters involved in a therapy can foresee the results of each type of treatment or therapeutic protocol on patients at different stages of a disease. We used a Computer Decision Support System in order to verify the reliability and efficacy of this method on chemotherapy of colorectal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 8 randomized clinical trials employing 5-fluorouracil alone (5-FU) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (FA) in the management of advanced colorectal carcinoma. Computer Decision Support System (CDSS) was used to perform four basic tasks: data acquisition and organization; data recruitment; combination of the various principles and specific data; user-friendly display of the analysis results and responses to treatment. RESULTS: In the majority of the studies examined, the death rates were lower in patients treated with 5-FU + FA than in those on 5-FU alone, even though the difference was not statistically significant. However, there were wide fluctuations in the efficacy/tolerability ratio between the two protocols investigated, depending on the patients' clinical status. Our data showed that a strong attack using 5-FU + FA is feasible whenever the patients' clinical conditions are not particularly severe, whereas a moderate attack using 5-FU alone is recommended as the patients' clinical condition worsens. CONCLUSION: The use of CDSS in the management of colorectal carcinoma indicates which therapy is the best in terms of efficacy, overall survival and incidence of side effects.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Randomized controlled trial of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion combined with 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) oral administration and HCFU alone as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Although surgical resectability is an important prognostic factor, recurrences are commonly noted in advanced colorectal cancer patients, even after apparently curative surgery. Because such recurrences cannot be cured, better adjuvant chemotherapies are urgently required. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied the effect of postoperative chemotherapy using 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) oral administration with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion for curatively resected Stage II and III colorectal cancer. This study was prospectively randomized and controlled and 303 (95.6%) of 316 patients were determined to be candidates for statistical assessment. Group A received oral HCFU, 300 mg daily for 52 weeks beginning 2 weeks after surgery. Group B also received 5-FU intravenous injection, 333 mg/m2 body surface area/24 hours continuously for 72 hours beginning on postoperative day 0 and 6. RESULTS: There were no differences in overall 5-year survival or disease-free survival between Groups A and B. Group B had better 5-year disease-free survival (47.6%) than Group A (42.9%) (p = 0.062) and significantly prolonged interval from surgery to recurrence (p = 0.003) for patients with lymph node metastasis. In contrast, group B had significantly shortened 5-year disease-free survival (p = 0.010) and increased recurrence rate in patients without lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: Inductive therapy with 5-FU in combination with oral HCFU is beneficial as adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer with lymph node metastasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion combined with 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) oral administration after curative resection.

BACKGROUND: Although surgical resectability is an important prognostic factor, recurrences are commonly noted in advanced colorectal cancer patients, even after apparently curative surgery. Since such recurrences cannot be cured, better adjuvant chemotherapies are urgently required. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied the effect of post-operative chemotherapy using oral administration of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion for curatively-resected Stage IIIa and IIIb colorectal cancers. This study was prospectively randomized and controlled and 314 (97.8%) out of 321 patients were determined to be candidates for statistical assessment. Group A and Group B received 5-FU intravenous injection at, respectively, 333 mg/m2 and 1000 mg/m2 body surface area/24 hours continuously for 72 hours beginning on post-operative day 0 and day 6, with oral HCFU 300 mg daily for 52 weeks beginning 2 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: There were no differences in overall 5-year survival or disease-free survival between Group A and Group B. A retrospective subset analysis. however, suggested that the protocol of Group B tended to yield better 5-year survival (68.3%) for rectal cancer than that of Group A (58.8%). CONCLUSION: Inductive therapy with high-dose 5-FU in combination with oral HCFU appears to be beneficial as adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced rectal cancer with lymph node metastasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Effect of N1-(2'-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil on nucleic acid and protein biosyntheses in Ehrlich ascites cells.

N1-(2'-Tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) is a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and has been accepted as a new chemotherapeutic drug. The inhibitory effects of FT-207 and 5-FU on nucleic acid and protein biosyntheses in Ehrlich ascites cells were compared. Both drugs markedly inhibited the incorporation in vivo of the labeled precursors into nucleic acid and protein. The inhibitory effect of FT-207 on DNA and RNA synthesis lasted for a long period of time. Two hr after administration of 5-FU (250 mug/g body weight), the absolute size of uracil pool of liver increased by at least 50%. However, in an in vitro study, FT-207 at a concentration of 60 mug/ml produced no effect on the incorporation of precursors into DNA and RNA of Ehrlich ascites cells 3 hr incubation. If 5-FU was added to Ehrlich ascites cell suspension simultaneously with [5-3H]uridine, the incorporation of the labeled precursor into RNA increased by 30 to 50%.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of cepharanthine on antitumor activity of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207)--5-fluorouracil delivery into tumor tissue].

A study on the antitumor effect and distribution to tumor tissue of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) when administered with cepharanthine was performed using RPMI 4788 human colon cancer cell line or murine Sarcoma-180 tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Combined treatment with FT-207 or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cepharanthine showed a marked anti-proliferative effect on DNA synthesis of RPMI 4788 cells when measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation in vitro. Combination of FT-207 (1 microgram/ml) and cepharanthine (1 microgram/ml or 5 micrograms/ml) exhibited a similar antitumor effect to FT-207 (25 micrograms/ml). Also the DNA synthesis of RPMI 4788 cells was inhibited by low dose of 5-FU with cepharanthine similarly by high dose of 5-FU alone. On the other hand, Sarcoma-180 tumor was transplanted to the back of mice, and FT-207 (50 mumole/kg; 10 mg/kg) and cepharanthine were orally coadministered once at day 7 after tumor transplantation. This combined therapy significantly inhibited the growth of Sarcoma-180 tumor. Furthermore, antitumor activity of FT-207 was enhanced significantly by coadministration of cepharanthine daily for 10 days. The concentration of FT-207 or 5-FU in the tumor tissue, normal tissues and serum were measured in mice with Sarcoma-180 tumor. The mice were given FT-207 and cepharanthine orally once at day 7 (I) or daily for 10 days (II) after transplantation of Sarcoma-180 tumor cells. No remarkable difference was found in the concentration of FT-207 between tumor tissue and serum. The concentration of 5-FU in the tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in the serum. The ratio of 5-FU concentration in the tumor tissue to that in the serum (T/S) was 15.9 (I) or 13.0 (II) in the two administration systems. Maximum concentration of 5-FU was found when cepharanthine and FT-207 were given simultaneously at the molar ratio of 0.5:1, and this combination ratio seemed to be optimal. These results suggest that 5-FU is delivered and selectively accumulated into the tumor tissue by the presence of cepharanthine, but not in serum, and this mechanism should be correlated with antitumor activity shown by combination of FT-207 and cepharanthine. This mechanism is one of the reasons why the 5-FU concentration in the tumor tissue increases much more than that in normal tissues after administration of FT-207 by cepharanthine. Accordingly clinical application of cepharanthine is considered to be a useful adjuvant chemotherapy for cancer.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1986

[Results of clinical trials with a CMitF (cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen versus a CAF (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen in advanced/relapsed breast cancer].

Randomized clinical trials were conducted in patients with advanced/relapsed breast cancer, using CMitF (mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen in comparison with CAF (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil) regimen. The response rate was 50% (13/26) for the CMitF group and 50% (10/20) for the CAF group. Classified by disease site, CAF group showed a tendency for a higher response rate in soft tissue, but in bone and viscera the rates were similar for both regimen groups. The median weeks to response (range) was 5 (3-21) weeks for the CMitF group, and 8 (3-22) weeks for CAF group, a tendency for slightly earlier response thus being shown in the CMitF group. The median duration of response (range) was 10 (4-47) weeks for the CMitF group, and 9 (4-50) weeks for CAF group, whereas by the method of Kaplan-Meier, at 40 weeks after the start of therapy, the proportion showing response still continued to be 60% for the CMitF group, which was a higher rate than the 27% for CAF group. The survival rate at 48 weeks was for both groups with no difference shown. Leukopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms and alopecia were major side effects in both groups, but the incidence and severity grade of gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting) and alopecia were significantly less in the CMitF group than in CAF group. In both groups, the WBC nadir was 2,100/microliter and the time to nadir was 14 days, with no difference shown in hematological toxicity between the two groups. No severe cardiac, hepatic, or renal toxicity was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of coadministration of uracil or cytosine on the anti-tumor activity of clinical doses of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and level of 5-fluorouracil in rodents.

Concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the tumor, blood, and various organs of AH130-bearing rats after administration of clinical doses of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) and uracil was examined. The concentration of 5-FU in blood was less than 0.02 microgram/ml with all combinations of FT-207 and uracil except high molar ratios of uracil to FT-207 (ratio, 5 and 10), whereas high concentrations of up to a maximum of 0.200 microgram/g on administration of uracil plus 5 or 7.5 mg/kg of FT-207 (ratio, 4), was found in the tumor. On oral administration of FT-207 plus uracil in various combinations, the highest T/B (ratio of concentration of 5-FU in the tumor to that in blood) value was obtained at a ratio of uracil to FT-207 of 4. With this combination, 5-FU concentration in the tumor, muscle, and spleen was higher than that after administration of FT-207 alone (5 mg/kg). These results suggest that at the clinical doses the optimum molar ratio of uracil to FT-207 is 4. Coadministration of cytosine enhanced the antitumor activity of FT-207 on sarcoma-180 in mice. However, cytosine enhanced the antitumor activity of FT-207 less than uracil and its coadministration resulted in a lower concentration of 5-FU in the tumor than coadministration of uracil.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of rat nephrotoxic nephritis. Use of 5-fluorouracil or methotrexate-5-fluorouracil association.

To evaluate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (F) and methotrexate-5-fluorouracil association (MTX-F) on nephrotoxic nephritis, seven groups of 10 rats were inoculated with anti-rat glomerular basement membrane serum (AGBMS); five groups were treated with different doses of F, beginning on the 2nd or the 6th day, one group with MTX-F beginning on the 2nd day and one group (control) with distilled water. Twenty-four hour proteinuria was determined weekly until the 71st day. The kidneys were examined histologically and by immunofluorescence. The group treated with F (1.3 mg/100 g body weight) developed a severe glomerulonephritis similar to the control group; (b) the groups treated with F (2.0 mg/100 g body weight) or with MTX-F showed progressively lower proteinuria, less severe histological changes and less intense fluorescence due to autologous antibodies. The best results were observed in the MTX-F group and in the F group treated from the 6th day. These groups presented at the 71st day proteinuria of 84 and 91 mg as compared to 312 mg in the control group, and minimal histological lesions as compared to glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy in the control group. We concluded that either F or MTX-F produced significant improvement of nephrotoxic nephritis due to inhibition of autologous antibody production.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A randomized comparison of cyclophosphamide-mitoxantrone-5-fluorouracil v cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-5-fluorouracil in advanced breast cancer: preliminary observations.

Forty-four patients with measurable metastatic breast cancer have been entered in a randomized study comparing mitoxantrone to doxorubicin as a component of front-line combination chemotherapy. Patients were stratified according to whether or not they had previously received adjuvant chemotherapy. Initial doses of cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil were 500 mg/m2 for both regimens, with either mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2, or doxorubicin, 50 mg/m2. All drugs were given on day 1 only, with treatments repeated every 3 weeks. Doses were adjusted according to blood count nadirs. Responses have been observed in both of the treatment groups, though it is too early to determine the relative efficacy of the two regimens. Toxicity was comparable on the two treatment regimens except that far less alopecia and stomatitis were associated with the mitoxantrone therapy. No congestive heart failure has been seen. The combination of cyclophosphamide-mitoxantrone-5-fluorouracil is reasonably well tolerated, with myelosuppression being dose limiting. In both treatment groups of this study, reliance on the leucocyte count, rather than the granulocyte count, as a basis for dose alteration or treatment delay would lead to excessive dose reductions, many fewer dose escalations, and much more treatment delay.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1983

Continuous intravenous administration of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil [FT] by intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH)--stability of FT in IVH solution and tumor levels of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

The continuous intravenous administration of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) to colorectal cancer patients was studied in regard to the stability of FT in intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) solutions and tumor levels of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). FT was very compatible with IVH solutions, because the decomposition of FT in IVH solution was very low, 3%. High levels of 5-FU, which is an active metabolite of FT, were obtained in the tumors, averaging 0.369 mcg/g. The ratios of 5-FU levels in the tumor to those in serum and normal tissues were 13.6 and 3.7, respectively. The difference in 5-FU levels between normal tissues and the tumors was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Therefore, continuous intravenous administration of FT should be widely used to treat patients with colorectal cancer, as the method of administration of antitumor agents.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Effect of coadministration of thymine or thymidine on the antitumor activity of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil.

The antitumor activity of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) on sarcoma was enhanced by oral coadministration of uracil, thymine, or thymidine. The activity was enhanced equally by thymine and by uracil than by thymidine, but thymine caused loss in body weight. The antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was also enhanced by thymine or uracil, but both caused loss in body weight. Degradation of 5-FU in vitro was inhibited more by thymine than by uracil. Phosphorylation of 5-FU, however, was not inhibited by uracil, thymine, or thymidine, even at 100 times the concentration of 5-FU. These results suggest that the mechanism of enhancement of the antitumor activity of FT-207 by thymine or thymidine was similar to that by uracil, and that uracil had more effect than thymine or thymidine in enhancing antitumor effect of these drugs to FT-207 without toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

[A case of advanced gastric cancer with multiple bone metastasis successfully treated by both methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil sequential therapy, and endoscopic intratumoral injection of 5-fluorouracil].

We reported a case of advanced gastric cancer with multiple bone metastasis successfully treated by both methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sequential therapy, and endoscopic intratumoral injection of 5-fluorouracil. A 38-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of appetite loss and bone pain. He could not walk by himself for the bone pain. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a lesion like II c + III in the greater curvature of the angulus. By both MTX /5-FU sequential therapy and endoscopic intratumoral injection of 5-FU, partial response (PR) was obtained against gastric primary lesion, and his performance status was improved. PR was maintained for 5 months. Severe side effects of the chemotherapy were not observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

18F-labeled fluorouracil positron emission tomography and the prognoses of colorectal carcinoma patients with metastases to the liver treated with 5-fluorouracil.

BACKGROUND: Although many factors have been investigated in connection with the prognoses of colorectal carcinoma patients with metastases to the liver, a means for evaluating response and prognosis prior to the administration of standard chemotherapy has not been available. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive means of measuring the distribution of radiolabeled cytostatic agents in tumor regions. METHODS: Prior to the administration of 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy, the authors examined 14 colorectal carcinoma patients with unresectable liver metastases using a single PET scan and 18F-labeled fluorouracil (18F-FU). Clinical response and survival time were correlated with 18F-FU uptake values (SUV) measured in liver metastases 120 minutes after tracer infusion. RESULTS: Trapping of 18F-FU varied even among different metastases in the same patient. The range of SUV was 0.9-4.3 (mean, 2.20). Four patients with SUV exceeding 2.8 had stable disease for longer than 12 months and survived longer than 21 months. Three patients with SUV less than 1.2 had progressive disease and survived less than 12 months. The 6 patients with partial remission or stable disease had a mean SUV of 2.96 and a mean survival of 31.6 months. Eight patients with progressive disease had a mean SUV of 1.59 and a mean survival of 14.5 months (Student's t-test, P < 0.012). In scatterplot analysis, there was a statistically significant correlation between SUV and survival time. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high 18F-FU uptake values are more likely to achieve at least stabilization of disease with planned chemotherapy. 18F-FU PET may be a valuable new tool for determining, prior to 5-FU-based chemotherapy, which patients are likely to have good responses and prolonged survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Prospective Randomized Study of Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, and 5-Fluorouracil versus Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and 5-Fluorouracil in Advanced or Recurrent Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Treatment with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF), a widely used, potent regimen is sometimes restricted by the myelotoxicityand myocardiotoxicity of adriamycin (ADR). In a prospective randomized controlled study of patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer, the efficacy and toxicity of a CEF regimen, in which epirubicin (EPI) was substituted for ADR, was compared with CAF. METHODS: 138 female patients under 75 years of age who had unresectable or recurrent breast cancer during the period from October, 1989 to September, 1991, were randomized to one of two treatment regimens. The first regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide 100 mg p.o. d1-14, adriamycin 30 mg/m(2) i.v. d1, 8 and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m(2) i.v. d1, 8 (CAF). In the second regimen, EPI 30 mg/m(2) i.v. d1, 8was substituted for ADR (CEF). Both regimens were delivered q4 weeks. RESULTS: Of 138 patients, 105 (CEF 56, CAF 49) were evaluable for response and survival, and all were evaluable for toxicity (CEF 68, CAF 70). The median course of lots CEF and CAF was 3 cycles. Response rates (complete response plus partial response) with CEF and CAF were 35.7% (20/56) and 36.7% (18/49), respectively. Adverse effects were similar in the two groups, but severe leukopenia (CEF 36.8%, CAF 64.3%) and hepatic toxicity (CEF 1.5%, CAF 12.9%) were encountered more frequently with CAF than with CEF. The duration of 50% survival was 135.9 weeks for CEF and 172.1 weeks for CAF (not significant). CONCLUSION: At an equal dose of EPI and ADR response rates and survival of the CEF group were similar to those of the CAF group, but adverse effects were fewer in the CEF group.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of 5-fluorouracil with 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

Thirty-eight patients with metastatic colorecal carcinoma were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 38 patients were treated with the combination of 5-FU, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate. In terms of percent response, response duration, and survival there was no apparent difference between the two regimens. Combination chemotherapy was found to be effective in 6 of 16 patients refractory to treatment with 5-FU alone, but was associated with more morbidity.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Low dose chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CAMF) versus sequential cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF) and adriamycin.

Seventy-eight advanced breast cancer patients with hormone-resistant disease or visceral metastases were randomized to receive either of two low dose regimens consisting of cyclophosphamide (C), methotrexate (M), 5-fluorouracil (F), and Adriamycin (A) as their initial chemotherapy. One group was treated with CAMF, and the other with CMF until progression, followed by A (CMF leads to A). C was given at 50 mg/m2, po, days 1-14; M at 20 mg/m2, F at 300 mg/m2, and A at 20 mg/m2, iv, days 1 and 8 of each 28-day cycle. The response rates for CAMF vs. CMF did not differ significantly (complete and partial responses-62% vs. 49%; stabilizations-23% vs. 31%). Responses by site of metasis, median times to progression and median survivals were similar for both groups. Poor and good risk partial responders had similar survivals. Twelve percent of CMF patients treated with Adriamycin at the time of progression had partial responses with an associated improved survival. Since CMF is as effective as CAMF, but has less toxicity, low dose therapy with CMF is more acceptable than CAMF as an initial chemotherapy regimen for metastatic breast cancer. Adriamycin may be reserved for subsequent regression induction.

Antineoplastic Agents↗