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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

A phylogenetic study of South African Newcastle disease virus strains isolated between 1990 and 2002 suggests epidemiological origins in the Far East.

Genetic comparisons were made of the fusion protein sequences of 155 Newcastle disease virus isolates collected in South Africa between 1990 and 2002. Their evolutionary relationships and origins are described. All of the lentogenic field isolates were shown to be derived from commercial vaccines. No true South African lentogenic wild type strain was identified. Furthermore, it was shown that almost all mesogenic isolates had avirulent F(0) cleavage site sequences. Three major epizootics occurred in South Africa during the period of this study. The first outbreak (1990/1991) was caused by viruses endemic to South Africa since the 1960's (genotype VIII) but were occasionally also isolated in 2000. Genotype VIIb viruses, implicated in the severe outbreaks during 1993/1994, persisted until 1999. Genotype VIId viruses, responsible for the most recent outbreak in 1999/2000, had their origins in the Far East like those of the two previous outbreaks.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Molecular screening of Bartonella species in rodents from the Russian Far East.

A potentially broad-range PCR system for gltA gene amplification has been designed. A nearly full (992 bp) sequence of the gltA gene was amplified in two steps. DNA was extracted from organs (spleen and liver) of four mostly spread species of rodents: Apodemus agrarius and Apodemus peninsulae mice; Clethrionomys rufocanus and Microtus fortis voles. All amplicons have been sequenced. The incidence of Bartonella species in rodents was 73%, 60%, 60%, and 83% for the above-mentioned rodents, respectively. Several genotypes have been identified, including two gltA genotypes close to B. taylorii, four gltA genotypes close to B. grahamii, and one genotype of a potentially new species. Several Bartonella species were found in both mice species, although each vole species harbored a single species of Bartonella. High incidence of Bartonella infection was found in all studied species of small rodents in the Russian Far East. Several amplified genotypes probably belong to local strains of B. taylorii and B. grahamii, and one genotype represents a possible new species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality changes in iced shrimps (Pandalus borealis). III. Indole and pH in shrimps caught in the Barents Sea compared with shrimps caught in the Far East (author's transl)].

The content of indole and the pH have been determined post mortem in shrimps (Pandalus borealis) caught in the Barents Sea and in shrimps caught outside Malaysia, India and Taiwan. These two criteria were compared with organoleptic assessment and the contents of volatile nitrogen bases (ammonia, trimethylamine) and living bacteria. For shrimps caught in the Barents Sea, both raw shrimps stored in ice and processed (broiled, peeled and single-frozen) shrimps were investigated. The results showed that only low levels of indole had been formed during ice-storage. Not until an advanced state of spoilage could a distinct increase in the indole content in raw and in boiled, peeled shrimps be discerned. pH increased slowly and varied in the area between acceptable and not acceptable quality. Neither the indole content nor the pH seems therefore to be a useful criterion for quality assessment either of raw shrimps caught in the Barents Sea or of such shrimps after processing (boiling and peeling). Most of the samples of boiled, peeled shrimps from the Far East were assessed organoleptically as less good-spoiled, and bacterial growth was significant. The content of trimethylamine oxide and volatile nitrogen was low, while the content of indole was high and exceeded 25 microgram/100 g in 8 or 14 samples. This is the upper limit for import in USA. The content of indole seems to be an important quality criterion for shrimps caught in warmer countries. The content of indole exceeded 25 microgram/100 g in some samples which were assessed organoleptically as acceptable. The pH was lower in brine-treated shrimps than in the others.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of the 3.05-Mdal "Toronto" beta-lactamase plasmid among penicillinase-producing isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Far East.

One hundred and fifty-two beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Japan (n = 25; 1983, 1985, 1986), Taiwan (n = 14; 1983, 1984), and the Republics of Singapore (n = 58; 1986, 1987) and the Philippines (n = 55; 1989) isolated from 1983 through 1989 were characterized by auxotype, serovar, and plasmid content to determine the distribution and diversity of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains possessing the 3.05-Mdal "Toronto" beta-lactamase plasmid. PPNG isolates possessing a 3.05-Mdal beta-lactamase plasmid were isolated in Japan (1/25: 4%), Taiwan (4/14: 29%), and the Republic of the Philippines (3/55: 5%); no PPNG isolates with the 3.05-Mdal plasmid were isolated in the Republic of Singapore. All isolates possessing the 3.05-Mdal plasmid also possessed a 24.5-Mdal conjugative plasmid and belonged to the auxotype/serovar class, Proto/IB-1. Studies with five isolates possessing the 3.05-Mdal plasmid, and representing isolates from each country in which they were found, confirmed that the beta-lactamase plasmid in these strains could not be transferred to another gonococcal isolate by conjugation. PPNG isolates possessing the "Toronto" plasmid are widespread in the Far East; spread of these isolates may, however, be limited to the physical spread of a single strain.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2006

Rickettsioses in Japan and the far East.

Three rickettsial diseases are known to exist in Japan currently: Japanese spotted fever (JSF), Tsutsugamushi disease (TD; scrub typhus), and Q fever. Since April 1999, the system for infection control and prevention in Japan has changed drastically. JSF, Q fever, and TD, as emerging infectious diseases, are designated as national notifiable diseases.The geographic distribution of JSF patients is along the coast of central and southwestern Japan, whereas TD and Q fever occur almost all over the country. The number of JSF patients reported was 216 cases during 1984-1998 and 268 cases, under the revised law, in 1999-2004. About 300-1000 cases of TD occur every year, and 7-46 cases of Q fever in 1999-2004. The number of cases of JSF and its endemic area are gradually increasing. There was only one fatality due to JSF until 2003, whereas two patients died of JSF in 2004, so JSF is still a life-threatening disease in Japan. Treatment of fulminant JSF consists of prompt administration of a combination of tetracycline and quinolone. Recent tick surveys revealed that the most probable vectors of JSF are Haemophysalis flava and Haemophysalis hystericis. In addition to R. japonica, two serotypes or species of spotted fever group rickettsiae have been isolated from ticks in Japan; one is closely related to R. helvetica and the other is a new genotype of unknown genotype AT, which is closely related to a Slovakian genotype. These serotypes are of uncertain clinical significance. Epidemiology of rickettsioses in the Far East is mentioned briefly.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mortality from Parkinson's disease and other causes in men who were prisoners of war in the Far East.

BACKGROUND: During World War II, more than 140000 Allied prisoners of war (POWs) were held captive by the Japanese in conditions of extreme privation. There have been concerns that the survivors are at increased risk of degenerative neurological disorders, especially Parkinson's disease. We assembled a cohort of British ex-POWs and analysed their mortality in a 46-year follow-up study. METHODS: Using records held by the War Pensions Agency, we abstracted data on 11915 British former POWs. 11134 men were traced, and observed numbers of deaths between 1952 and 1997 were compared with those expected from national rates for the male population of England and Wales. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated. FINDINGS: Overall, mortality was lower than expected (7474 deaths vs 8796.2 expected; SMR 0.85 [95% CI 0.83-0.87]). Death rates from Parkinson's disease among the former POWs were slightly below the national average, though this difference was not statistically significant (35 deaths vs 43.2 expected; SMR 0.81 [0.56-1.13]). A similar pattern was seen for other degenerative neurological disorders (motorneuron disease 0.62 [0.31-1.11], multiple sclerosis 0.88 [0.42-1.61], and dementia 0.88 [0.68-1.11]). The former POWs had significantly lower than expected mortality from all major causes of death (ischaemic heart disease 0.81 [0.78-0.85], cerebrovascular disease 0.88 [0.81-0.95], all malignant neoplasms 0.92 [0.88-0.95], and respiratory disease 0.79 [0.74-0.85]). They also had below average rates of death from tuberculosis (0.44 [0.26-0.71]) and suicide (0.77 [0.57-1.02]), though the latter relation was not statistically significant. Mortality from diseases of the liver was increased (chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 1.68 [1.28-2.17], primary carcinoma of the liver 2.42 [1.75-3.26]). INTERPRETATION: There is little evidence that men who were POWs in the Far East have higher rates of death than the male population generally. The only exception is diseases of the liver, which may be due to infection with hepatitis B or C virus during captivity. Death-certification data cannot provide a complete picture of physical and mental health, but the period of severe malnutrition, frequent infections, exhaustion, and intense psychological stress seems not to have increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

A survey of FMD type 'O' strains from the Far East.

A survey of 'O' strains submitted from Far Eastern countries has been conducted, comparing the strains with standard reference strains and with each other. The results indicate differences between these strains but they cannot be arranged in clearly distinct groups. There is, rather, a continuous variation with cross-relation between strains occurring more or less haphazardly. This makes the subgrouping of a large number of strains extremely difficult and supports the view expressed in other papers in this symposium that current concepts of subtyping should be revised to take into account multiple antigenic relationships.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1996

Khabarovsk virus: a phylogenetically and serologically distinct hantavirus isolated from Microtus fortis trapped in far-east Russia.

Two hantavirus strains, MF43 and MF113, isolated from Microtus fortis trapped in the Khabarovsk region of far-eastern Russia, were analysed by direct nucleotide sequencing of PCR generated fragments of the M and S segments, by immunofluorescence and by focus reduction neutralization tests (FRNT). The nucleotide sequences revealed that the two isolates were closely related to each other but distinct from all other hantaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the M and S segments showed that the MF strains form a separate branch in the Hantavirus tree, positioned between the branches of Prospect Hill and Puumala viruses. The strains were shown to be serologically distinct from the other hantavirus serotypes by FRNT using immune rabbit sera. Puumala virus was the closest relative, both genetically and serologically. We propose that this new hantavirus serotype should be named Khabarovsk (KBR).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vaccinal prophylaxis of hepatitis A in servicemen of the Far East military district].

The importance of hepatitis A (HA) for epidemiological situations among the servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, including the Far Eastern Military District, and the necessity of vaccinal prophylaxis have been substantiated. Vaccination against HA, made in a single injection, was shown to be capable of decreasing morbidity, on the average, 1.98 times. The epidemiological effectiveness of vaccine "Avaxim" proved to be 89.6%. The results obtained in this investigation are indicative of the expediency of vaccination not only for prophylactic purposes, but also for localization and liquidation of epidemic foci of HA.

Hepatitis A↗
PubMed2004

[Use of the syrup prepared on the basis of wild-growing grasses of the Far East, in preventive maintenance of respiratory diseases and microelementoza at children].

Working out formula and techology of producing the syrup, which is based on herbs of Far Eastern Region (dog rose; leaves of currant, lime-tree; herbs St. John's wort, parsley. Nettle; licorice) and food dietary supplements--Laminal (the product of processing of brown seaweeds). Here are the results of the research work of chemical contents, energetic value, minor componential contents and microbiological values of syrup. The results of approbation of the syrup on the group of children (who catch a cold very often) showed the increase of coefficient of special immune lymphocytic-monocytical and cell-phagocytal protection. These results allow us to recommend it as a kind of treatment, included in health-improvement program.

Child↗
PubMed1976

[Study of the epidemiology of Far East scarlatiniform fever in the Maritime Territory. II. Contamination of environmental objects by the pseudotuberculosis microbe in foci of scarlatiniform fever].

External environment of vegetable storehouses and catering establishements in the foci of far-eastern scarlatina-like in the Primorsk territory was found to be considerably contaminated with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Epidemiological role of vegetable storehouses in the preservation of pseudotuberculosis microbe in the foci was demonstrated. In one case Y. pseudotuberculosis was isolated from soil.

Disease Reservoirs↗
PubMed2002

Medaka--a model organism from the far East.

Genome sequencing has yielded a plethora of new genes the function of which can be unravelled through comparative genomic approaches. Increasingly, developmental biologists are turning to fish as model genetic systems because they are amenable to studies of gene function. Zebrafish has already secured its place as a model vertebrate and now its Far Eastern cousin--medaka--is emerging as an important model fish, because of recent additions to the genetic toolkit available for this organism. Already, the popularity of medaka among developmental biologists has led to important insights into vertebrate development.

Animals↗