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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Inhibition of ovulation in women by chronic treatment with a stimulatory LRH analogue--a new approach to birth control?

A stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH was administered subcutaneously once daily in a dose of 5 microgram to four regularly menstruating women. Treatment was instituted within the first three days of the menstrual bleeding and continued for 22--30 days. Ovulation was inhibited in all the women during the treatment cycle. The treatment resulted in disturbances in the pituitary gonadotropin secretion which presumably led to disordered follicular menuration and anovulation. The maximum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to the LRH analogue were obtained during the first few days of treatment. The gonadotropin responses then rapidly decreased during the prolonged treatment. This change in the pituitary responsiveness probably prevented the release of a normal preovulatory LH surge. After the treatment, all the women resumed normal ovulatory menstrual cycles. The results suggest that it might be possible to use stimulatory LRH analogues for birth control.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sex hormone regulation of progesterone and estradiol receptors in the cytosol of human endometrium in normal and pathologic pregnancy].

Hormonal control of progesterone and estradiol receptors was studied in the cytozol of short-lived culture of human endometrium in normal and undeveloping pregnancy. Endometrium was cultivated in the presence of estradiol or progesterone for 16 hours. In cultivation of normal endometrium with estradiol the content of estradiol receptors increased 4-fold in comparison with unstimulated tissue, and of progesteron receptors--3-fold. In cultivation of normal endometrium with progesterone the content of estradiol receptors rose 4--5-fold, and of progesterone receptors--3-fold. In cultivation of pathological endometrium with estradiol or progesterone the number of estradiol receptors was only doubled, and of progesterone receptors--increased only 1 1/2 times, this pointing to a diminished sensitivity of pathological endometrium to the regulating action of sex hormones.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1975

Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism. Investigative procedures.

In patients with hypogonadism, the exact cause of the deficient androgenisation is not always clinically apparent. The data presented demonstrate that by means of hormone measurements, basally or after stimulation tests, the exact level of the lesion can usually be determined. This allows a decision with regard to appropriate therapy to be made on the basis of an accurate diagnosis. In many instances basal measurements of pituitary and gonadal hormones are all that is required to decide the level of the lesion. Care in interpreting basal levels is required, however, in view of methodological limitations and of known physiological variations with age, time of day and hour-to-hour fluctuations. If the basal hormone levels are borderline, or if the 'reserve function' of part or all of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis needs to be assessed, than the appropriate stimulation test should be performed. The indication for these stimulation procedures and results obtained in different conditions are described and problems of interpretation discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Concentration of estrone, estradiol and estriol in the blood of pregnant sheep after induction of estrus with chlormadinone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate].

The radioisotopic method of 131J-labelled albumin was employed to determine the distribution of acidic proteinase activity in some organs and tissues of chickens. The highest enzymatic activities were found in intestine wall, in pancreas, and in liver. Considerably lower activities were ascertained in kidneys, brain, lungs, and heart. The different proportions of these enzymes in homogenates and supernatant fractions (106 000 g) testify to a lack of uniformity in the solubility of cathepsins in the organs tested. The tested organs, with the exception of pancreas, did not show any enzymatic activity of neutral proteinases.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A syndrome of functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and sterility in a male with elevated serum estradiol.

A 36-year-old male complaining of impotence was examined. He was a genotypic male. Phenotypically, he exhibited signs of long-standing estrogen excess, such as feminine body build, gynecomastia, and varicose veins. His testes were soft and borderline small, and his prostate was small and soft. However, he had a normal-sized penis, normal male hair distribution, normal sense of smell, and normal intelligence. The laboratory data were compatible with mild hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Serum estradiol (E2) levels were consistently elevated. The patient had azoospermia and a decreased semen volume. Inappropriately low levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone responded normally to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and clomiphene citrate. Levels of both testosterone (T) and E2 increased dramatically after prolonged clomiphene medication and in response to human chorionic gonadotropin. There was no change in either T or E2 levels in response to manipulations of the pituitary-adrenal axis. It is concluded that the elevated E2 level was responsible for suppression of gonadotropins which, in turn, caused mild hypogonadism and sterility in this patient. According to the stimulation tests, the source of the elevated E2 levels was testicular.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Investigations of hormones during early abortion induced by prostaglandin F2alpha and 15(S)-methyl-PGF2alpha.

In early pregnancy up the 7th week of pregnancy PGF2alpha was infused and 15(S)-methyl-PGF2alpha was applied i. m. to induce menstruation in 20 or 19 cases, respectively. In the tested form of application 15(S)-methyl-PGF2alpha is effective in 89 per cent of the cases and in 74 per cent complete abortion was achieved. PGF2alpha produced bleeding in 80 per cent only and complete abortion in 55 per cent. The differences in these two groups were not statistically significant. The steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone decrease in a successful application of PGs for induction of abortion and reach a value of 75 per cent at the onset of bleeding. The LH concentration in plasma becomes smaller too. In some cases there is a temporary increase in hormones shortly after starting treatment. The results could indicate that the considerable decrease in hormones before the onset of bleeding might be caused by an alteration of the corpus luteum, which is effective during early pregnancy.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1975

[Plasma concentrations of LH and of sex steroids during the normal menstrual cycle and during contraceptive treatment].

The authors have studied the long-term effects of combined oestrogen-progestogen on the secretion of gonadotrophins and on ovarian function. Estimation of the radio-immune levels of the plasma concentrations of the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH), of oestradiol (E2), of progesterone (P) and of 20 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (20 alpha OHP) and of testosterone (T) served as a base for this study. A test cycle and 8 cycles in which a combination of 50 micrograms of ethinyl-oestradiol and 0.5 mg of norgestrel were administered were studied in 4 normal volunteer women. A pituitary stimulation test using 50 micrograms of gonadotrophin "releasing factor" (LH-RH) was given during the 7th cycle. Ovarian stimulation using human menopausal gonadotrophins (HMG) was given during the 8th cycle of treatment in 3 of the women and in 3 other subjects. Pituitary secretion of LH and ovarian secretion of E2 and P are partially inhibited. Pituitary response to the injection of LH-RH stays normal but 5 out 6 patients had no response to stimulation by gonadotrophins. These results allow us to conclude that the lowering of production of gonadotrophins during treatment with combination oestrogen and progestagens is responsible for inhibition of ovarian activity, and that there is a delay before the latter respond to stimulation by either endogenous or exogenous gonadotrophins.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A study of the endocrine manifestations of hepatic cirrhosis.

The clinical features and hormonal abnormalities were surveyed in 117 men with cirrhosis of the liver. Compared with healthy men of similar ages, the patients had significantly lower metabolic clearance rates, plasma production rates and total and free levels of testosterone, reduced testosterone responses to human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation, higher oestradiol, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels and higher binding capacities of sex steroid binding globulin. The peripheral conversion of testosterone to oestradiol was also found to be significantly increased. However, the metabolic clearance and plasma production rates of oestradiol were not significantly different from those of healthy men. Patients who were severely ill with liver failure and one with haemochromatosis had low levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone and sub-normal responses to clomiphene and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Higher plasma oestradiol levels were found in patients with gynaecomastia and spider naevi than in those without these signs. However, the clinical features of androgen deficiency--that is, testicular atrophy, impotence and loss of secondary sex hair--were only poorly related to the low testosterone levels, and production rates and longtitudinal studies indicated that the hormonal levels, endocrine features and severity of the liver disease could change independently. It is concluded that the clearance of oestradiol from plasma is not limited by liver disease in all patients, and that reduced degradation of oestrogens is not the initial event in the sequence leading to the hormonal abnormalities of cirrhosis. While gonadotrophin deficiency occurs with liver failure and in some patients with haemochromatosis, the more usual findings are of elevated gonadotrophin levels and a poor Leydig cell response to chorionic gonadotrophin. These suggest that the hypogonadism is primary in most patients with cirrhosis. The causes of the high oestradiol levels were not discovered. Increased peripheral conversion of precursors to oestradiol or increased testicular secretion of oestradiol are possibilities. The high binding capacities of sex steroid binding globulin were not significantly correlated with either the low testosterone or high oestradiol level and the cause of this abnormality remains uncertain. The low metabolic clearance rates of testosterone appeared to result from the increased plasma protein binding of testosterone. The discrepancies in the expected relationships between the hormone and clinical changes suggest that factors other than those studied are also involved in the genesis of the endocrine features of hepatic cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of the steroid sex hormones on the LH and FSH responses to LHRH in the normal subject].

In man both basal gonadotrophin levels and the pituitary responses to LHRH remained relatively constant throughout life. In women the pituitary sensitivity varied in the menstrual cycle due to the typical cyclic variation of oestradiol and progesterone. The max delta LH increase to 100 mug LHRH was observed in the periovulatory period (183 +/- 41 mU/ml); it was also significantly higher in the luteal (49 +/- 7 mu/ml) than in the early follicular phase (18 +/- 3 mU/ml). The effect of exogenous sex steroid hormones taken as contraceptive drugs was then studied in 15 women. Significantly lower LH and FSH basal values as well as responses to LHRH were observed in 8 normal women under oral combined contraceptives. Conversely, in 7 women under oral sequential contraceptives, basal LH and FSH remained in the normal range. The LH-FSH responses were increased and delayed when these tests were performed during the period of estrogen treatment. Thus, with combined oral contraceptives, constant and high levels of estrogens and progesterone not only inhibit the LH peak, but also decrease the basal LH-FSH levels and responses to releasing hormone. Conversely, with sequential oral contraceptives, the low level of estradiol does not inhibit these responses and even enhances them. In menopausal women both basal and gonadotrophin responses to LHRH were increased indicating an important pituitary reserve. In menstruating women a significant estradiol increase is observed 2 and 4 hours after a 100 mug LHRH injection, both during the follicular and the luteal phases whereas progesterone increases only in the luteal phase. In men, testosterone was found to increase 4 hours after a 100 mug LHRH injection. These studies show that in normal subjects, sex steroid hormones are important regulators of the sensitivity of the pituitary responsiveness to releasing hormone.

Contraceptives, Oral, Combined↗
PubMed1976

[Gonadotropin releasing hormone test: diagnostic significance and limits in menstrual pathology].

The serum gonadotropin response to LH-RH (100 mug e.v.) in a group of women with various types of amenorrhea was critically evaluated. Most patients responded to rapid LH-RH injection with a significant rise in plasma LH and FSH. In the authors' opinion this response is observed in healthy women as well as in those with lesions, even severe ones, of the pituitary, so that quantification of the response does not supply reliable information on diagnosis and prognosis. On the other hand, a negative response to the injection of 100 mug LH-RH does not necessarily imply a pituitary lesion but is often a sign of altered hypothalamic function which can be diagnosed and in some instances restored by clomiphene administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effect of intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide on the human ovulatory cycle.

The effect of intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide (TCA-A) on pituitary gonadotropins and ovarian hormones was studied in a normally menstruating woman. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well estradiol 17-beta (E2) and progesterone (P), were determined daily in a normal "ovulatory" pretreatment cycle. A total of 160 mg of TCA-A was then administered in four injections over two and a half months. Daily serum levels of LH, FHS, E2, and P were again measured during a period beginning thirty days after the last injection of TCA-A. Cyclicity of all these hormones was absent after treatment. Both LH and FSH were suppressed in the first half of the post-treatment period when compared with the pretreatment ovulatory cycle. A potent corticosteroid such as TCA-A is apparently capable of producing anovulatory cycles in humans by disruption of cyclic pituitary gonadotropin secretion.

Estradiol↗