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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Activities of the Environmental Protection Agency concerning phthalate esters.

EPA's activities concerning phthalate esters have been in four general areas, namely: (1) their status as toxic pollutants under the Clean Water Act; (2) their status as "new chemicals" under Section 5 of TSCA; (3) the potential risk to human beings posed by DEHP; and (4) finally, the need for testing phthalates with respect to their health and environmental effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

An approach to identifying specialized batteries of bioassays for specific classes of chemicals: class analysis using mutagenicity and carcinogenicity relationships and phylogenetic concordance and discordance patterns. 1. Composition and analysis of the overall data base. A report of phase II of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program.

This report of the Gene-Tox Assessment Panel is a compilation of data that documents the chemical testing efforts in genetic toxicology through mid-1979. It thus provides an historical perspective of the major efforts in this field and the utility of test models. The total number of chemicals tested in assays reflects chemical availability, commercial interest in specific structural types, the ease or difficulty in assay performance, as well as methodological development resulting from testing experience. Other factors that have been important in assay selection and utility are the perceptions of relevance to hazard evaluation of chemicals and the role that genetic factors may have in other disease states as well as in heritable defects. The phylogenetic diversity of test systems attests to the tremendous effort that has been applied to the testing and evaluation of the effect chemicals can have on genetic structure. The data also illustrate the fact that certain chemicals have an intrinsic capability to alter the genetic structure of cells of diverse biological origin in an heritable manner, whereas others do not. Any attempt to summarize and analyze a data base of this magnitude is a formidable task that would be almost impossible without a computer capability. A computerized system of analysis has been developed at the Environmental Mutagen Information Center (EMIC) that makes it possible to examine the performance of any particular assay in any of 30 chemical classes and to make comparisons with all the other assays individually or in designated groupings. Components of this system include: A distribution of the 2622 chemicals into 30 chemical classes with results of testing in each class. A tabulation of assay results showing the total numbers of chemicals tested, with their definitive and nondefinitive results. A subdivision of assays and results of testing into four major groups: gene mutation, chromosomal aberrations, other genotoxic effects, and in vitro cell transformation assays. These major groups are further subdivided into phylogenetic categories and type of assay. A system of analysis of results utilizing mutagenicity and carcinogenicity comparisons and phylogenetic concordance and discordance. The major utility and/or benefit of this compilation will be derived from a chemical class by chemical class comparative analysis of individual assay performance. Obviously, the data base will serve as a resource for safety evaluation of chemicals through structural correlations and biological end point analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Use of mouse liver tumor data in risk assessments performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

In summary, the EPA has begun to look critically at the induction of certain types of tumors in certain species, including liver tumors in mice. The controversy over the use of such tumor data in assessing the cancer risk for humans has been going on for some time. The present agency policy is to downgrade the weight of evidence for such data under certain conditions. Review of the cancer risk assessments for the 109 chemicals that the agency has formally verified shows that a variety of chemicals yield liver tumors in mice. However, one group of substances that consistently produced such tumors was chlorinated compounds (84%). Many of these compounds not only induced liver tumors in mice but also induced liver tumors in rats and/or other types of tumors in mice and rats. However, several of the chlorinated compounds produced only mouse liver tumors. Another group of compounds that often induced liver tumors in mice was nitrogen-containing compounds (aromatic amines, hydrazines, nitrosamines). These latter substances tended to not only induce liver tumors in mice but also a variety of other tumor types in a variety of species. Mouse liver tumor data have played a major role in the classification of substances in categories B2 and C. Fifty-six percent of the chemicals in category B2 and 40% in category C were classified based at least partially on the use of mouse liver tumor data. In addition, 21 of the 29 category B2 chemicals that produced liver tumors in mice and 5 of the 8 category C chemicals are chlorinated compounds. These two results indicate the importance of chlorinated compounds to the agency, and therefore, the importance of mouse liver tumor data in agency cancer risk assessments.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hazardous waste management programs; Florida: authorization for interim authorization phase I--Environmental Protection Agency. Notice of final determination.

The State of Florida has applied for interim Authorization Phase I. EPA has reviewed Florida's application for Phase I and has determined that Florida's hazardous waste program is substantially equivalent to the Federal program covered by Phase I. The State of Florida is, hereby, granted Interim Authorization for Phase I to operate the State 's hazardous waste program, in lieu of the Federal program.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1999

Approval of Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerator State Plan for designated facilities and pollutants: Indiana. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Direct final rule.

EPA is approving Indiana's State Plan for Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators (HMIWI), submitted on September 30, 1999. The State Plan adopts and implements the Emissions Guidelines (EG) applicable to existing HMIWIs. This approval means that EPA finds the State Plan meets Clean Air Act (Act) requirements. Once effective, this approval makes the State Plan federally enforceable.

Hazardous Waste↗
PubMed2004

Uncertain exposures and the privilege of imperception: activist scientists and race at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

This paper locates the EPA national headquarters within the racialized local geography of southwest Washington, D.C. By focusing on the formation of a scientist union and the union's struggle to make visible an episode of chemical exposure in its own offices, the paper connects the work of racialized privilege with the difficulty of proving chemical exposures in the 1980s.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1982

Hazardous waste management program: phase I interim authorization for Nebraska--Environmental Protection Agency, region VII. Phase I interim authorization.

The State of Nebraska has applied for interim authorization of its hazardous waste program under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and EPA guidelines for the approval of State hazardous waste programs [40 CFR Part 123]. EPA has determined that the State's program meets all applicable statutory and regulatory requirements and is granting Phase I interim authorization to Nebraska to operate in its jurisdiction a hazardous waste program in lieu of Phase I of the Federal hazardous waste program.

Environmental Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Data and metadata reporting standards for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's PM Supersites Research Program.

The EPA Supersites Research Program needs consistency of metadata and data structures to facilitate information sharing among investigators, analysts, and ultimately secondary data users. Under the auspices of NARSTO a successful mechanism was created to develop and implement reporting standards. The development effort included working closely with Supersites data coordinators, investigators, and technical experts, and also leveraging from existing data standards and practices. Overall, the standards are getting good acceptance from the atmospheric research community.

Cities↗
PubMed2000

Approval and promulgation of Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators: State Plan for designated facilities and pollutants: Idaho. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Direct final rule.

EPA is approving the State of Idaho's section 111(d) State Plan for controlling emissions from existing Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators (HMIWI). The plan was submitted on December 16, 1999, to fulfill the requirements of sections 111(d) and 129 of the Clean Air Act. The State Plan adopts and implements the Emissions Guidelines applicable to existing HMIWIs, and establishes emission limits and controls for sources constructed on or before June 20, 1996. EPA has determined that Idaho's State Plan meets CAA requirements and hereby approves this State Plan, thus making it federally enforceable.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1979

Assays for behavioral toxicity: a strategy for the Environmental Protection Agency.

Broad agreement on specific approaches or standardized test batteries for assessing behavioral toxicity is unlikely to emerge in the foreseeable future. EPA should reject test standardization in any case, however; standardization stifles progress and, in addition, may bypass unique properties of new types of substances. The optimal strategy is to prescribe a set of functions, such as sensory, motor, and complex performance processes, leaving it to the manufacturer to select adequate tasks. Adequacy would be judged by EPA staff, in consultation with advisory panels, and resolved, in most cases, by a dialogue with the manufacturer.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hazardous waste management system standards for owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities and EPA administered permit programs; hazardous waste permit program. Environmental Protection Agency. Interim final amendments to rule.

On May 19, 1980, EPA promulgated regulations applicable to owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities which prohibited the landfill disposal of most containerized liquid waste or waste containing free liquid on and after November 19, 1981. Further on June 29, 1981, EPA amended its hazardous waste management regulations so as to extend the compliance date of the restriction on the landfill disposal of containerized liquid ignitable wastes to coincide with the compliance data of the general restriction on landfill disposal of liquids. The Agency is today extending the compliance date on both these requirements until May 26, 1982, and, in a separate action, is proposing amendments to these restrictions. This extension of compliance dates is provided for the sole purpose of allowing time to complete the rulemaking action on today's proposed amendments. The Agency is also today exempting from the requirements of the hazardous waste management regulations, the acts of adding absorbent material to hazardous waste in containers and adding hazardous waste to absorbent material in a container, at the time waste is first placed in the container, in order to reduce the free liquids in a container.

Refuse Disposal↗