[Enterosorption in the combined treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice and cholangitis].
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Adsorption↗
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[Enterosorption as a method of prolongation of life of aged animals].
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Aging↗
[Enterosorption in treating diabetes mellitus patients].
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Adult↗
Peroral application of synthetic activated charcoal in USSR.
This work presents a review of the enterosorption procedure, spheres of its application, the results achieved and prospects for use in the future. This technique was developed by the author in the late 1970's and is based on peroral administration of high doses of synthetic activated carbons. This review also summarises new experimental and clinical reports by Soviet researchers who studied the use of enterosorption procedure in liver and biliary tract diseases, endogenous intoxications, acute intestinal infections, renal pathologies and immuno-dependent diseases, metabolism in aged animals, in oncologic patients, abstinence syndrome in alcohol and drug-abuse patients. The peroral application of activated carbons has been known for a long time. The most extensive list of usage of activated carbons has been presented by Adler in the first quarter of this century. The powdery activated charcoal usually was prescribed in doses of 2-10 g per day, since larger doses caused nausea, vomiting and constipation, and that demanded simultaneous usage of cathartics. The Carbon sorption therapy, soon became neglected owing to development of potent antibacterial preparations, and probably due to depleted enteric content of the components which are necessary for the organism. Later, carbon sorption therapy was investigated for use in uremia. In 1979, the author of this article proposed the use of oral administration of high doses (up to 100-150 g/day) of synthetic activated carbons with diameters 0.2-1.0 mm, derived through pyrolysis of various polymeric resins. The reasons for this approach which we termed enterosorption, were good adsorptive properties, smooth surface, strength and uniformal nature of synthetic carbon adsorbents, causing practically no symptoms of enteropathy which are typical for high doses of powdery carbons. We have described our earlier clinical results of this approach. Since that time the number of studies has substantially increased in the USSR. Accordingly, the author deemed it expedient to attempt a review of the results.
Administration, Oral↗
[Value of scanning electron microscopy in evaluation of peripheral red blood cells shape in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis for treatment effectiveness evaluation].
The morphology of red blood cells in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was studied by scanning electron microscopy during enterosorption. The use of an enterosorbent caused a significant decrease in the count of abnormally changed cell elements and an increase in normocytes, which suggests that detoxification has a stimulating effect. Enterosorption promotes less content of altered peripheral red blood cells, which leads to improvement of its cellular composition in the presence of clinical manifestations of the decreased rate of a tuberculous process in the lung and which is suggestive of the detoxifying impact of this treatment.
Enterosorption↗
[The enterosorbents belosorb and panzysorb in the treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis in rats].
Enterosorption with highly dispersed fibrous carbon adsorbent Belosorb or enzyme-containing fibrous carbon adsorbent Panzysorb was applied for the treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis (EAP) in the rats. Panzysorb was obtained by immobilization of digestive hydrolases (proteases and amylase) on Belosorb as matrix. It was shown that oral administration of Panzysorb (100 mg/kg body weight) significantly decreased amylolytic and lipolytic activity of blood serum by the third hour after EAP induction. The course of enterosorption (ten days) with the Panzysorb led to the appearance of regeneration focuses in injured organ.
Acute Disease↗
[Changes in the configuration of peripheral blood erythrocytes in patients with pneumoconiotic tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis during treatment].
The impact of enterosorption on the morphology of peripheral red blood cells was examined in patients with coniotuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis by using scanning electron microscopy. Enterosorption was found to promote decreases in the proportion of abnormally changed cellular elements and increases in normal cells, which confirms the stimulating and antitoxic effects of this treatment.
Adult↗
[Efferent methods of the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid hypertension in exacerbation of multiple sclerosis].
Analysis is made of the efficacy of the treatment of CSF hypertension in 40 patients in the phase of exacerbation of multiple sclerosis. Use was made of sorption detoxication methods: hemoperfusion (the author's certificate No.1466754) and enterosorption (the priority certificate No.4465054/14 (115542) dated July 22, 1988). SKH-IK and SKH-2K sorbents were employed as hemoperfusion, using the venovenous scheme of perfusion, the volumetric rate of the blood flow being 100-120 ml/min during 2-3 hours. Altogether 2-3 sessions were carried out, with an interval of 5 to 7 days. For enterosorption, use was made of a crumbled up filamentous carbonic sorbent in a dose of 50-60 mg per kg bw 3 times a day for 20 days in 2 hourly intervals between food intake. Regression of the neurological symptoms began 2-3 hours after the first session of hemoperfusion and 5-6 days after the beginning of the intake of the filamentous carbonic sorbent, increasing throughout the whole treatment course. That coincided with the disappearance of CSF hypertension and normalization of the immunological spectrum of the blood serum. Sorption detoxication brought about no complications and is a method of choice in the treatment of CSF hypertension in patients in the phase of multiple sclerosis exacerbation.
Acute Disease↗
[The comparative efficacy of treating patients with chronic bronchitis and late pregnancy toxicosis by using different enterosorbents].
Enterosorbents Polysorb MP and Polyfepan were tried in patients with chronic bronchitis in the stage of aggravation and with late gestosis. The trends in clinical and laboratory indices, in external respiration, cellular and humoral immunity, in the content of middle-weight molecules in relevant patients undergoing enterosorption with the above sorbents against the controls were more favourable. This supports validity of enterosorption in patients with chronic bronchitis and late gestosis.
Bronchitis↗
[Nuclear bodies in rat hepatocytes: dynamics of appearance and formation in aging and functional actions].
Using electron microscopy, we studied the morphology of nuclear bodies (NB) in hepatocytes of rat Wistar males of various ages both in intact and upon single bleeding and enterosorption. NB are round formations 2-3 microns in size consisting of loosely packed up chromatin filaments with spherical formations (CFSF) 0.01 micron in size similar to those in prenucleosomal level of chromatin organization. NB are often detected in hepatocytes with the signs of intracellular hyperplasia, granular dystrophy and apoptosis. In intact rats NB are observed only in old rat hepatocytes (in 1-2 per 10 nuclei). Bleeding considerably increases their number and makes NB to appear in young animals. There are 4 stages of NB formation depending on the moment of blood letting: 1--free CFSF in nucleoplasma, 2--CFSF surrounded with a fibrillar zone along the periphery, 3--CFSF and partly condensed chromatin surrounded by a fibrillar zone, 4--completely condensed chromatin surrounded by a fibrillar zone. Enterosorption causes the appearance in old rat hepatocytes of NB at different stages, mainly at stage 4. The nature of NB is not clear, but they obviously reflect the modification in functional activity of relevant genome loci.
Aging↗
[The use of sorption therapy in the combined treatment of exudative erythema multiforme].
Polymethylsiloxan, a sorbent, was used in combination with enterosorption with thermal alkaline mineral water in a complex treatment of patients (n = 37) with multiform exudative erythema. During the 45-min therapeutic session the sorbent-applicator was changed three times. The above therapy makes for rapid healing of erosions, reduces treatment time periods, prevents recurrences irrespective of the causative factors of inductors of the disease under study.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
[The intensive drug treatment of disseminated ovarian ovarian cancer].
Profound endogenous intoxication is a feature of extensive ovarian cancer (OC). In modern oncological gynecology perfection of means and ways of disintoxication is achieved through stepping up of polychemotherapy. This involves a combined use of antioxidants and enterosorption enhancing the efficiency of polychemotherapy, improving OC patients' quality of life.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
[The influence of intra-abdominal electrophoresis and enteral sorption on the immune indices in children with peri-appendicular abscess].
Comparative characteristic of application of different methods of intratissue electrophoresis and their influence on immune indexes in children with perioappendicular abscess was presented. Application of complex treatment with usage of intraabdominal electrophoresis and enterosorption had guaranteed an effective correction of systemic and local immune disorders, the peritoneal macrophages activation, improvement of cytokines cooperation of cells in the immune answer.
Abscess↗
[The effect of enterosorbents on stomach functional activity and the parameters of nitrogen metabolism in patients with nephrogenous gastropathies].
The therapeutic efficacy of the continuous 6-week application of the enterosorbents CKH-4M and CKT-6A was traced in 64 patients with chronic renal diseases and different stages of chronic renal failure (CRF). The treatment was established to be most effective in the early stages of CRF. The morphologically verified manifest nephrogenic gastropathy was often associated with lack of the therapeutic effect and deterioration of the clinico-laboratory characteristics. Enterosorption brought about a decrease of ammonia concentration in gastric juice coupled with a positive time course of changes in dyspeptic disorders in such patients.
Adult↗
[The use of the enterosorbent polifepan in the combined treatment of patients with dermatoses].
Polyfepan, an enterosorbent, was used in the treatment of 96 dermatologic patients. The treatment proved to be effective in those with toxicoderma, secondary xanthomatosis, porphyria cutanea tarda, skin itching, and urticaria, particularly in the cases when toxic exposures and gastrointestinal conditions contributed to the disease pathogenesis. Polyfepan enterosorption is harmless, well-tolerated, and simple.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
[Scanning electron microscopy in the assessment of erythrocyte shape in peripheral blood of patients with anthracotic tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis].
Morphology of peripheral blood red cells was investigated in the course of enterosorption in patients with anthracotic and lung tuberculosis by means of scanning electron microscopy. Application of enterosorbent noticeably reduced the number of normocytes, this evidencing stimulating effect of detoxication. The proportion of deformed red cells lowered in parallel to inhibiting activity of tuberculous process activity in the lungs as a result of detoxicating effect of the treatment.
Adult↗
[The possibility of using carbon enterosorbents for normalizing cholesterol metabolism].
The kinetics of bile acids (BA) and cholesterol adsorption from biological fluids (bile) and reference solutions on carbon SCN were compared with conventional medical carbon with the view of elucidating the role of adsorption in improving cholesterol metabolism. It was found that the adsorptive capacity of carbon adsorbents is determined, primarily, by their porous structure as well by the chemical properties of the adsorbing surface. The enterosorbents were tested both in experimental animals and in clinical trials and are now successfully employed for preventing and treating atherosclerosis as well as for normalizing lipid metabolism. A procedure for surgical treatment combined with adsorptive detoxication (enterosorption) for patients with obstructive jaundice has been developed.
Animals↗
[Clinical effectiveness of enterosorbents in patients with chronic bronchitis and gestational toxicosis].
The authors studied efficacy of enterosorption with activated coal KM in patients with exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and gestosis. The trend in clinical and laboratory characteristics of the exacerbation and gestosis, external respiration, cellular and humoral immunity gives grounds for validity of using enterosorbents in patients with chronic bronchitis and late gestosis.
Acute Disease↗