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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effect of genotoxic exposure to chromium among electroplating workers in Taiwan.

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between chromium (Cr) concentrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) formation in Cr workers and to assess the effects of susceptible genes (glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1) on the frequency of deletion and SCE/cell. Urinary Cr concentration was significantly elevated in Cr workers (3.67 +/- 3.89 microg/g creatinine) compared to control group (1.21 +/- 1.16 microg/g creatinine, P < 0.01). There was also a significant difference of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels between Cr workers (6.86 +/- 0.80 U/mg Hb) and controls (7.16 +/- 0.53 U/mg Hb, P < 0.01). The frequencies of SCE and high frequency cells (HFC) were significantly correlated with smoking habits and with duration of exposure to Cr. A significantly higher percentage (50%) of Cr workers had both the null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype as compared to 10% of the controls (P < 0.01). However, the chromosomal DNA damage effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes, individually or in combination, was not revealed in Cr exposed workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Risk of hydrocyanic acid release in the electroplating industry.

This paper suggests assessing the consequences of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) release into the air by aqueous cyanide solutions in abnormal situations such as the accidental introduction of an acid, or the insertion of a cyanide in a pickling bath. It provides a well-defined source model and its resolution by methods peculiar to mass transport phenomena. The procedure consists of four stages: calculation of the liquid phase concentration, estimate of the HCN liquid-vapour equilibrium, determination of the mass transfer coefficient at the liquid-vapour interface, evaluation of the air concentration of HCN and of the damage distances. The results show that small baths operating at high temperatures are the major sources of risk. The building up of lethal air concentrations, on the other hand, is governed by the values of the mass transfer coefficient, which is itself determined by the flow dynamics and bath geometry. Concerning the magnitude of the risk, the fallout for external emergency planning is slight in all the cases investigated.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1982

Increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in workers exposed to chromic acid (CrO3) in electroplating factories.

Chromosomal aberrations in cultured lymphocytes obtained from workers occupationally exposed to chromic acid (CrO3) were detected. Four separate groups of workers were examined, two of which were engaged in plating factories employing nickel in addition to chromium, and two coming from plating factories where only chromium was used. In the latter groups the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were also detected in the cultured lymphocytes. A statistically significant increase of chromosomal aberrations, mostly of the chromosome-type, was found in two of the exposed groups of workers compared to the level observed in control donors. The frequency of SCEs in the exposed groups was higher than in controls, particularly in the factor which employed the younger workers. Besides the negative correlation with the age of workers, a positive correlation between the frequency of SCEs and the level of urinary chromium was found and such a correlation was strongly enchanced by smoking. The present data support the view that CrO3, like other soluble hexavalent chromium compounds, is genetically active in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Multielectrode microprobes for deep-brain stimulation fabricated with a customizable 3-D electroplating process.

Although deep-brain stimulation (DBS) can be used to improve some of the severe symptoms of Parkinson's disease (e.g., Bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors), the mechanisms by which the symptoms are eliminated are not well understood. Moreover, DBS does not prevent neurodegeneration that leads to dementia or death. In order to fully investigate DBS and to optimize its use, a comprehensive long-term stimulation study in an animal model is needed. However, since the brain region that must be stimulated, known as the subthalamic nucleus (STN), is extremely small (500 microm x 500 microm x 1 mm) and deep within the rat brain (10 mm), the stimulating probe must have geometric and mechanical properties that allow accurate positioning in the brain, while minimizing tissue damage. We have designed, fabricated, and tested a novel micromachined probe that is able to accurately stimulate the STN. The probe is designed to minimize damage to the surrounding tissue. The probe shank is coated with gold and the electrode interconnects are insulated with silicon nitride for biocompatibility. The probe has four platinum electrodes to provide a variety of spatially distributed stimuli, and is formed in a novel 3-D plating process that results in a microwire like geometry (i.e., smoothly tapering diameter) with a corresponding mechanically stable shank.

Animals↗