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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of co-medication with magnesium sulfate in beta-mimetic tocolysis on parameters of water-electrolyte balance].

With 2 groups of 10 patients the influence of an additional therapy with 1 g magnesium sulfate/h during i.v. tocolysis with the betamimetic fenoterol (2 micrograms/min) upon parameters of water and electrolyte balance has been investigated. The whole of the magnesium administered during the 24 hours investigational period has been eliminated via the kidneys. Most probably due to a competition within the distal tubulus hypermagnesemia was associated with hypocalcemia and hypercalciuria, followed by a rise in parathyroid hormone. As PTH is able to compensate hypocalcemia not only by means of bone mobilisation but also by an increase in enteral Ca absorption, estimated losses of calcium are minimal. These may be neglected, as additional therapy with magnesium sulfate--besides the advantages yet known (cardioprotection, saving of betamimetic dosage, reduction of drug tolerance development)--reduces betamimetic induced water retention, thus significantly diminishing lung edema hazard during tocolytic therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Physiological responses of broiler chickens to heat stress and dietary electrolyte balance (sodium plus potassium minus chloride, milliequivalents per kilogram).

Individually caged male Cobb broilers (24), 44 d of age, were used to evaluate effects of heat stress (1 d of data collection) and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB; Na + K - Cl, mEq/kg from 1 d of age). During summer rearing, mortality was variable, but DEB 240 improved growth, feed conversion ratio, water intake, and water:feed ratio vs. DEB 0. The temperature sequence for heat stress was 24 to 32 degrees C in 30 min, 32 to 36 degrees C in 30 min, 36 to 37 degrees C in 15 min, and 37 to 41 degrees C in 45 min. Maximum temperature was held for 15, 60, 90, or 360 min for data collection (relative humidity averaged 42 +/- 7%). Results from the same room before and after heat stress were analyzed by DEB (1-factor ANOVA) and before vs. after heat stress compared across DEB (2-sample t-test). Heat stress decreased blood Na, K, and pCO2, and lymphocytes but increased heterophils. Blood HCO3 rose, Cl declined, and hematocrit gave a concave pattern (lowest at DEB 120) as DEB increased. After heat stress, DEB 0 decreased blood Na and K, and DEB 0 and 120 levels decreased blood HCO3. After heat stress blood pCO2 and hemoglobin decreased with DEB 240, but it had highest pCO2, a key factor. The DEB 120 gave longest times to panting and prostration with DEB 0 and 240 results lower but similar statistically. In heat stress, DEB 360 was excessive, DEB 120 and 240 were favorable, and DEB 0 was intermediate based on hematology, panting, and prostration responses.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1985

Acid-base and electrolyte balance after exhausting exercise in endurance-trained and sprint-trained subjects.

High ability to perform strenuous exercise of short duration is accompanied by a large lactate formation in the exercising muscles, but the disturbances in extracellular acid-base and electrolyte balance might be attenuated compared to subjects with less ability to perform intense exercise. To study this, oxygen deficit, changes in arterial blood acid-base status and plasma electrolytes were studied in six-endurance trained (ET) and six sprint-trained (ST) subjects who exercised on a treadmill at a speed which led to exhaustion within 1 min. During exercise the ET and ST subjects developed an oxygen deficit of 41 and 56 ml oxygen units kg-1 respectively, whereas peak blood lactate concentration post exercise averaged 12.5 and 16.7 mmol l-1. Blood pH followed lactate concentration closely, reaching nadir values of 7.175 and 7.065 for ET and ST subjects respectively. Respiratory compensation and changes in blood bicarbonate and standard base deficit (SBD) concentrations for a given lactate concentration were the same for the two groups, amounting to a change in PCO2 of 0.12 kPa, in bicarbonate concentration of 1.09 mmol l-1 and in SBD of 1.44 mmol l-1 mM-1 change in blood lactate concentration. During exercise the increase in haematocrit, from to 43 to 45% for the ET subjects and from 46 to 50% for the ST subjects, was accompanied by almost parallel relative changes in plasma chloride and sodium concentrations. Whereas haematocrit continued to increase post exercise and followed blood lactate concentration closely, plasma sodium and chloride concentrations decreased to pre-exercise values within 9 min of recovery. The anion gap increased significantly more than blood lactate concentration. Thus, ST subjects were capable of accumulating more lactate in blood compared with ET subjects, but at the expense of a lower pH, since the buffer capacity seemed to be the same for the two groups. The acidosis, which was larger than could be accounted for by lactic acid, was associated with an inexplicably large anion gap.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1952