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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Successful surgical repair of progressive exophthalmos caused by a meningocele in a patient with neurofibromatosis Type 1. Case report.

A case of surgical repair of progressive exophthalmos of the right eye in a 43-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is presented. Preoperatively, the patient's ocular movements and visual fields were intact. Visual acuity was 20/30 on the right side and 20/20 on the left. Computerized tomography scanning demonstrated complete absence of the superolateral orbital wall on the right side with a large meningocele protruding into the right orbit. Intraoperatively, a new superolateral wall was constructed using the inner table of the left frontal bone as a bone transplant. A free galeoperiosteum flap was used for water-tight dural reconstruction. A few weeks postoperatively the patient's exophthalmos showed remarkable resolution. Her ocular movements, visual acuity, and visual fields remained unchanged. In conclusion, reconstruction of the superolateral wall and repair of a meningocele in a patient with NF1 is worthwhile and can be followed by excellent cosmetic results. More important, the patient's visual functions remain preserved.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infantile non-African Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as bilateral fulminant exophthalmos.

A case of non-african Burkitt's lymphoma presenting an acute bilateral fulminant exophthalmos in an infantile male is reviewed. The rapid progression of proptosis, and the dramatic response to chemotherapy is documented photographically. A brief description on non-African Burkitt's lymphoma and a differential diagnosis of bilateral infantile fulminant exophthalmos is included.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exophthalmos secondary to aspergillosis in a cat.

Clinical signs of orbital disease include exophthalmos, strabismus, or, less commonly, enophthalmos. Fungal orbital disease is uncommon. A case of nasal, frontal sinus, and orbital aspergillosis in a cat is described. Diagnostics for exophthalmos and therapy for retrobulbar abscesses are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Chondrosarcoma of the maxillary antrum presenting as exophthalmos.

A Papau New Guinean patient with a chondrosarcoma of the maxillary antrum producing exophthalmos is presented. The importance of considering causes other than thyrotoxicosis in the aetiology of exophthalmos is stressed and a summary of the clinical features, pathology and management of the tumour is given.

Child↗
PubMed1999

[Analysis of MRI and CT manifestations of paranasal sinuses and orbitocranial disorders with secondary exophthalmos].

OBJECTIVE: To study the MRI and CT manifestations of paranasal sinuses and orbitocranial disorders with secondary exophthalmos. METHODS: MRI and CT scans of 51 patients were examined. RESULTS: MRI offers more information for evaluation of soft tissue lesions; the cavernous hemangioma and dermoid cyst were found to present rather characteristic images. Whereas in evaluation of lesions involving bony structures and calcifications, CT was superior to MRI. CONCLUSION: CT and MRI may evaluate the tumor location, extension into adjacent areas and are valuable in differential diagnosis of paranasal sinuses and orbitocranial disorder with secondary exophthalmos.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Exophthalmos secondary to a lateral rectus muscle metastasis].

CASE REPORT: 60-year-old male, with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the rectum-sigmoid colon, who developed exophthalmos due to a tumour in the lateral rectus muscle, compatible with a diagnosis of metastasis. DISCUSSION: Metastasis in the extraocular muscles are very uncommon, but should form part of the differential diagnosis of any patient presenting exophthalmos, since although the majority of patients with such metastasis have a previously diagnosed malignant tumour, there are cases where they lead to the diagnosis of the primary tumour.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

[How to investigate a patient with exophthalmos?].

Exophthalmos is the main symptom revealing orbital masses. This sign needs to be imaged mainly by MRI and/or CT. As Graves disease is the main etiology of exophthalmos, CT scan should be performed as the initial imaging modality. Indications for US and Doppler are mostly limited to the study of ocular masses, and eventually may help the characterization of extra-ocular lesions. In all cases, imaging is useful to characterize: the precise location of the lesion which can be the intra-conal space (including muscles), the extra-conal space (associated or not to an extra-orbital lesion), or the eyeball; the features of the lesion (density, signal, enhancement.). These findings are used to generate a differential diagnosis. Imaging is also useful to precise the extension of the mass, and in some cases to select the appropriate surgical approach, and for follow-up.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1954

Exophthalmos; certain endocrinological aspects.

The substance isolated from the anterior pituitary and responsible for the induction of thyroid hyperplasia in the tadpole (TSH) is not invariably found in increased amounts in the blood of patients with exophthalmos. The blood concentration of this substance is inversely related to the level of thyroid activity. Thyroid extract, pituitary irradiation and adrenocorticotropic hormone have not been shown conclusively to alter the course of exophthalmos.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The treatment of residual exophthalmos by resection of the orbital fat].

The possibility of treatment of endocrine exophthalmos by resection of orbital fat has been discussed by Olivari. The orbital fat is located in two spaces: the outer space which surrounds the extraocular muscles the anterior extensions of which form the palpebral bags, and the inner space which surrounds the optic nerve, being crossed by the oculomotor, abducens and trochlear nerves. The surgical anatomy of orbital fat is discussed and the preliminary results of the resection of orbital fat for treatment of the residual exophthalmos are presented.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

[Unilateral exophthalmos during the course of cavernous sinus thrombosis: a case report].

Ophthalmopathy, particularly its infiltrative form, is considered a characteristic feature of Graves' disease. However many other also life-treating conditions may be manifested as unilateral exophthalmos and lead to diagnostic problems. A case of a sixty six-year old patient with asymmetric exophthalmos and rapidly decreasing vision acuity is reported. Thyroid eye disease was suspected due to clinical symptoms (diplopy, impaired right eye motion) and thickening of extraocular muscles in ultrasound imaging. Further follow-up and orbits as well as head MRI imaging led to the final diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis, complication of acute maxillary sinusitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Diagnostic problems of unilateral exophthalmos--case report].

This paper presents a case of a 54-year-old patient with unilateral exophthalmos. During the hospitalization basic laboratory investigations, USG, skull X-ray film, NMR of orbits were carried out. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids with good response. Inflammatory infiltration and venous stasis are considered to be the cause of exophthalmos. Granulomatous orbital inflammation was detected. The etiology of nonspecific orbital inflammation remains still unknown.

Exophthalmos↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Internal orbital decompression in uncompensated edematous exophthalmos].

The efficiency of internal orbital decompression was evaluated in uncompensated edematous exophthalmos (EE). Twenty-two patients aged 17-65 years who had EE (30 orbits) were followed up. EE in a subcompensation and decompensation stage occurred in 12 (17 orbits) and 10 (13 orbits) patients, respectively. When glucocorticoid therapy was ineffective, internal orbital decompression was made in order to preserve visual functions. Surgery was performed via transconjunctival approach (Brovkina, 2004). After surgery, exophthalmos diminished by an average of 4.6 and 5.6 mm in a subcompensation and decompensation stage, respectively. There was a substantial reduction in periorbital tissue edema, in conjunctival changes, corneal opacity, and optical neuropathy to the extent of complete regression. Internal orbital decompression is effective in uncompensated forms of EE, as appeared as a significant alleviation of its clinical symptoms and as preserved or increased baseline visual acuity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Exophthalmos caused by orbital metastasis of prostatic carcinoma].

A case of orbital metastasis from Whitmore stage D adenocarcinoma of the prostate is described. Clinically, it presented as rapidly progressing exophthalmos of the right eye with elevation (ptosis) and abduction paralysis. The associated clinical picture of a one-year history of prostatism prompted patient referral to our department. When a patient presents with an orbital tumor and a history of cancer localized to another site, the metastatic origin of the condition should be suspected and metastasis to other sites sought. A negative finding warrants performing orbital biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Although excision of single metastatic tumors in this site has been described, coexisting metastasis to bone and lymph nodes, the hormone dependence that these present and prostatic cancer contraindicate resection of the orbital metastatic tumor. Following bilateral orchiectomy and hormone therapy with antiandrogens micturitional symptomatology improved, tumor size was reduced, and exophthalmos disappeared. The case described herein is not the first case of this type of metastatic lesion reported in the literature; 28 cases have been reported to date. This uncommon clinical presentation with extraurological manifestations gives us an idea of the broad clinical spectrum the biological behaviour of this tumor type can adopt.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Intermittent exophthalmos].

Intraorbital angiograms revealed venous lakes and phleboliths in 14 cases of intermittent exophthalmos. The pathological features were similar to those of venous varix, with frequent irregular vascular sclerosis, hyperplasia of connective tissue, and secondary hemorrhages encapsulated by granulation. The occurrence of enophthalmos following exophthalmos was due to atrophy of intraocular adipose tissue through compression by the venous varix. Among the series, 4 cases were treated successfully with surgery and 2 cases with injections of sclerosing agent, the latter being especially simple and useful for cases of indication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Surgical correction of exophthalmos secondary to Graves' disease.

Graves' disease has been recorded in the medical literature for more than 150 years. Despite introduction of iodine into the diet, Graves' disease still remains the most important disorder of the thyroid gland. Clinically, Graves' disease is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the clinical triad of infiltrative pretibial dermopathy, thyroid glandular hyperplasia, and ophthalmopathy. Expansion of the bony orbital volume is an effective method of treating moderate to severe exophthalmos. Our experience with a simplified version of a three-wall orbital decompression to correct exophthalmos secondary to Graves' disease is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of sequelae of basedowian exophthalmos].

Treatment of sequelae of ophthalmopathy of Basedow's disease, essentially exophthalmos, oculomotor disorders and upper eyelid retraction, is of particular importance because of the functional and esthetic problems presented. Improvement in the different symptoms can be obtained by surgical treatment, but patients must have been perfectly stable with respect to both the thyroid and ophthalmologic plan for at least 6 months. It marked exophthalmos exists this is treated initially by orbital enlargement. Oculomotor problems are then resolved and finally treatment is terminated by surgery to eyelids. Very satisfactory functional and esthetic results are obtained.

Exophthalmos↗
PubMed1979

Intracerebral venous angiomas as a cause of exophthalmos.

Three cases of an infrequent cerebral vascular malformation, venous angioma, are reported. The first 2 of these cases, with the lesion in a supratentorial location, exhibited exophthalmos as a presenting symptom, together with palpebral or intraobital angiomatous formations, and also impairment of visual function. The first patient was operated upon and the "venous angioma" could be confirmed histologically. An angiographic follow-up of the same patient at an 18 year interval was also possible. The diagnostic work-up to be performed in cases of exophthalmos is discussed and the need for angiography is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Experimental exophthalmos. Binding of thyrotropin and an exophthalmogenic factor derived from thyrotropin to retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes.

Biologically active preparations of 125I-thyrotropin, [3H]thyrotropin, and the [3H]exophthalmogenic factor derived from thyrotropin by partial pepsin digestion have been used to study the binding properties of the thyrotropin receptor on guinea pig retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes. In regard to the optimal conditions of binding, pH, buffer, salt concentrations, and temperature, these properties are the same as those described in any accompanying report concerning thyrotropin binding to bovine thyroid plasma membranes (Tate, R.L., Schwartz, H.I., Holmes, J.M., Kohn, L.D., and Winand, R.J. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6509-6515). In addition, thyrotropin receptors on the retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes are similar to thyrotropin receptors on bovine thyroid plasma membranes in their apparent negative cooperativity and in their relative affinities for luteinizing hormone, the beta subunit of thyrotropin, and the alpha subunit of thyrotropin. In contrast, gamma-globulin from patients with malignant exophthalmos enhances binding when added to incubation mixtures containing the retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes but not when added to those containing thyroid plasma membranes. Normal gamma-globulin and gamma-globulin from Graves' disease patients without exophthalmos do not have this property. The gamma-globulin itself does not bind to the membrane except in the presence of thyrotropin or its exophthalmogenic factor derivative. Tryptic digestion of the retro-orbital tissue membranes releases specific thyrotropin and exophthalmogenic factor binding activity into the supernatant phase. Chromatography on Sephadex G-100 indicates that this trypsin-released receptor activity has a molecular weight of 75,000 or greater, rather than 15,000 to 30,000 for the trypsin-released receptor activity from bovine thyroid membranes (Tate, R.L., Schwartz, H.I., Holmes, J.M., Kohn, L.D., and Winand, R.J. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6509-6515).

Animals↗