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Results for “Digestive System Neoplasms”

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PubMed1984

The localization of an anti-tumour monoclonal antibody (791T/36) in gastrointestinal tumours.

Fifty-six patients with gastrointestinal cancers and four patients with benign colorectal tumours have been injected with radiolabelled anti-tumour monoclonal antibody ( 791T /36) to assess the degree of localization of the antibody by external scintiscanning and measurements on resected specimens. Twenty-nine patients with primary colorectal cancer showed increased uptake of the radiolabelled antibody in the resected tumours, with a tumour to normal tissue (T:NT) ratio of 2.5:1. All but two of fifteen patients with recurrent or metastatic tumour showed positive images of the deposits on external scintiscanning. Twelve patients with noncolonic gastrointestinal malignancy were studied and in only two patients were tumours demonstrated by external scanning. There were no positive images in four patients with benign colonic disease nor could increased uptake of radiolabelled antibody be demonstrated in the resected specimens. Immunohistology and autoradiography have shown that the antibody can be demonstrated in the pseudoacini and stroma of colon cancer. There are indications that this may represent localization to a cell surface antigen which becomes detached in the processing of the histological sections. It seems that in the gastrointestinal tract the monoclonal antibody 791T /36 is consistently taken up by colorectal cancer. Only a few noncolonic cancers and no benign colonic tumours take up the antibody. This antibody uptake may prove of value in the detection of occult metastases and in the targeting of antitumour agents.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of proliferative activity in carcinomas of the human alimentary tract by Ki-67 immunostaining.

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) Ki-67, which is directed against a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen, was used to measure tumor proliferation in 165 carcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The percentage of Ki-67-positive tumor cells (Ki-67 index) was evaluated with the point-counting method. The Ki-67 index in gastric cancers (mean, 24.8%; standard deviation, 11.1%) was significantly lower than in tumors of the esophagus (35.7 +/- 12.6%), colon (37.6 +/- 15.2%), and rectum (34.3 +/- 16.4%). A wide range of the Ki-67 index (5.9-75.3%) could be observed within the various tumor types. In recurrent colorectal carcinomas, the Ki-67 index significantly increased to 51.9%. The Ki-67 index was independent of pathologic (e.g., TNM-stage, grading, tumor volume, tumor site) and clinical variables (age and gender of the patients). A marked heterogeneity of Ki-67 expression within different tumor stages was noted. Statistically significant regional variations in tumor proliferation existed between different areas within the same tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of pancreatoduodenectomy.

Between 1956 and 1982, there were 55 pancreatoduodenectomies performed at the Medical University of South Carolina by 19 different surgeons. There were 26 resections for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas and 16 resections for carcinoma of the ampulla of vater, carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary ducts, and carcinoma of the duodenum. There were seven resections for chronic pancreatitis. There were two resections for trauma and three resections in the (1960s) for carcinoma of the stomach. There was one resection for cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. In the patients with carcinoma of the pancreas, resection was only performed when there was no gross evidence of extension beyond the parenchyma of the pancreas. Analysis of the resected specimen revealed 44% of the pancreatic carcinomas subsequently had positive lymph nodes. None of these patients became long-term survivors. Failure of the pancreato-jejunostomy was the most serious complication, occurring in 7 of 55 resections. There were no fistulas where a mucosal to mucosal anastomosis was performed to join the pancreas with the jejunum. The five-year survival for all patients with carcinoma of the pancreas was 11.6%. The 3 five-year survivors were from resections performed between 1956 and 1970. During these years, the mortality rate for the procedure was 21%. From 1970 to 1982 there were no five-year survivors from carcinoma of the pancreas. However, the mortality rate was 10.6%. The history and current controversies over this surgical procedure are reviewed.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Peritoneovenous shunt and neoplastic ascites: a 5-year experience report.

The cases of 42 patients with malignant ascites treated with a peritoneal venous shunt over a 5-year period are reviewed to establish the incidence of surgical and postsurgical complications. Although the yield of malignant cells found in the peripheral blood was increased after shunting, no new hematogenous metastases were observed after the operation. No evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation was observed after shunt placement. While the shunt effectively relieved the discomfort due to abdominal distention and respiratory impairment, no restoration of cutaneous hypersensitivity was observed in the nine patients who were anergic prior to surgery. The median survival of patients with breast and gynecological cancer, after surgery, was significantly longer than the survival of patients with primary gastrointestinal neoplasma. In conclusion, peritoneal venous shunt appears to be an effective and safe method to improve the quality of life of patients with malignant ascites.

Ascites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient care in multidisciplinary cancer clinics: does attention to psychosocial needs predict patient satisfaction?

Satisfaction with treatment is an important early indicator of medical outcome for cancer patients. This study examined patient satisfaction with treatment-planning and follow-up appointments among 58 recently diagnosed ENT and GI cancer patients seen at a multidisciplinary cancer clinic. Patients reported which medical specialties they saw, whether adjuvant treatment was planned, and whether they had a chance to discuss their feelings about the diagnosis. Patients also rated the attention paid by staff to several psychosocial issues considered relevant to cancer. These included how the patient was coping, support services available, and the issue of common emotional reactions to cancer. Patients then rated their overall satisfaction with their clinic visits. Overall satisfaction was predicted by younger age, female gender, and greater attention to how patients were coping with their illness. Having a chance to discuss one's feelings about the diagnosis, and staff attention to other psychosocial issues, also predicted patient satisfaction. The relationship of these psychosocial issues to patient satisfaction did not vary by gender. Results suggest that patient satisfaction may be enhanced when hospital staff attend to and provide for the psychosocial needs engendered by a diagnosis of cancer.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Chemosensitivity test for carcinoma of digestive organs.

For the chemosensitivity for carcinoma of digestive organs, gastric, colorectal, and hepatic cancer tissues were examined using in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test and in vivo subrenal capsule (SRC) assay. The chemosensitivity varied in the tissue. The origin of an organ tumor, histological differentiation, and difference of primary or metastatic lesions are critical for determining chemosensitivity. Biochemical analysis shows that antitumor drugs have an increased susceptibility in tissues with high activity of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical management of distant melanoma metastases.

Disseminated melanoma remains a tumour that is poorly responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, this review demonstrates that surgical removal of visceral metastases such as at the, lung or digestive sites, as well as the brain, yields consistent median survivals, often longer than 12 months, and long-term survivors. Such surgery is followed by little complication cost and low perioperative mortality. Our experience tends to confirm that complete debulking offers longer survivors as compared to partial. Also, one site of metastases, whatever its anatomical location, when operated on, gives a better chance for survival than when there are multiple sites.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Alcohol and cancer.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1996

Smoking habits and risk of cancers other than lung cancer: 28 years' follow-up of 26,000 Norwegian men and women.

The impact of tobacco smoking on lung cancer risk has been investigated thoroughly since the 1950s, but other types of cancer also have been associated with smoking. In the present study, the aim was to explore the variation in risk connected with cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking of suspected smoking-associated cancers other than lung cancer. Data were obtained from a survey of a random sample of the Norwegian population. A self-administered mailed questionnaire, which included questions about smoking habits, was completed by 26,000 men and women in 1965 (response rate: 76 percent). The cohort was followed from 1966 through 1993, including registration of all incident cancer cases. A dose-response relationship of cigarette smoking to the risk of urinary bladder cancer and cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tract was observed. For the latter forms of cancer, a dose-response relationship of pipe smoking also was observed. In cancer of the pancreas, a stronger association between cigarette smoking and cancer risk was observed when the analysis was confined to histologically confirmed cases only. Current cigarette smokers at baseline had a significantly higher risk of cervical cancer than those who never smoked cigarettes. In cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, and prostate, and in leukemia, no association between smoking and cancer risk was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity using a murine monoclonal antibody against human colorectal cancer in cancer patients.

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by a murine monoclonal antibody against human colorectal carcinoma, antibody 19-9, with human effector cells was tested in 33 patients with various carcinomas, 16 patients with benign lesions, and 13 normal controls, using a 12-h 51Cr release assay using human colorectal cancer cells as targets. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from these groups of patients and normal controls achieved moderate levels of target cell lysis in the presence of the monoclonal antibody at the high effector to target cell ratio of 200:1. The ADCC activity of PBM in cancer patients was significantly higher than that in either normal persons or patients with benign lesions. Since the ADCC was shown to be mainly mediated by adherent monocytes in the PBM, ADCC activity of monocytes from cancer patients was compared to those from control groups at an effector to target cell ratio of 30:1. The results also showed that the lytic capacity of monocytes was significantly higher in cancer patients than that in the control populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Endoscopic ultrasonography in the study of extramucosal swellings in the upper digestive tract.

The authors performed an echoendoscopic examination of 91 patients who, at a previous endoscopy, had presented extramucosal swellings in the upper digestive tract. On this occasion, the images were suggestive of a leiomyoma in 73 cases, a schwannoma in 3, an ectopic pancreas in 1, and a cyst of the gastric wall in 1. There was an extrinsic compression of the tract by an adjacent organ in three cases and by an adenopathy in two others. In six patients the authors were unable to make an echographic identification of the swellings noted upon endoscopy as they noted no echographic alteration. The echoendoscopic examination was considered normal. Given that most of these patients did not undergo surgery, the authors were only able to obtain a histological examination of surgically removed tissue in 11. The diagnosis was confirmed in eight cases. In one patient in which it proved impossible to pass the endoscope through the stenotic area, the histological examination did not confirm the echography: In two others, classified as leiomyomas, the histology showed leiomyosarcomas.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase in malignant and premalignant conditions of the human digestive tract.

The presence of carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CP Alk P) was demonstrated in the cells of malignant and premalignant states of the human stomach, colon and rectum using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was shown to be present in 7 out of 18 carcinomas of stomach and 7 of 17 cases of carcinoma of colon and rectum. In the putative premalignant states it was demonstrated in 4 of 15 cases of intestinal metaplasia associated with gastric carcinoma, and 9 of 12 tubulovillous adenomas of colon. However, it was also demonstrated in 5 of 8 metaplastic polyps of colon which are not neoplastic and in 9 of 17 cases of intestinal metaplasia not associated with cancer of the stomach. It was not seen in normal gastric mucosa and only faintly in 1 of 11 samples of normal colon. CP Alk P has been shown to be a specific marker of malignancy in a wide range of human cancers when studied in sera from patients or in tissue culture of tumour cells. In this study however, although a statistical difference exists between normal and diseased tissue the marker appears as frequently in non-neoplastic states. It is concluded that CP Alk P is, in tissues, a marker of proliferative activity in cells, rather than neoplastic or malignant change. In this respect it is similar in some respects to carcinoembryonic antigen, but not other markers of placental origin such as pregnancy specific beta, glycoprotein.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

A study of serum glycosidases in cancer.

N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta-glucuronidase were measured in the serum of 70 patients with breast and digestive-tract neoplasms and in 70 healthy subjects. The mean value of the NAG activity was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in patients with gastric, liver and pancreas cancer as compared with the reference population. In patients with liver and pancreas cancer the very high sensitivity contrasted with a low specificity. NAG elevations above normal were observed in 14 (78%) patients with breast cancer, in 11 (100%) with gastric cancer, in 17 (70%) with colorectal cancer, in 8 (100%) with liver cancer and in 9 (100%) with pancreas cancer. In patients with breast and gastric cancer the enzyme shows a good specificity and sufficient sensitivity as a tumor marker. beta-Glucuronidase appeared less sensitive and was significantly elevated (100%) only in patients with pancreas cancer.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous neoplasms in aged Sprague-Dawley rats.

Incidence of neoplastic lesions in untreated Sprague-Dawley rats (1340 males and 1329 females) used as controls in 17 carcinogenicity studies are tabulated and evaluated. In male rats, the most common neoplasms were benign pheochromocytomas and keratoacanthomas (4.0% in each case) followed by pancreatic islet cell adenomas (3.7%), thyroid parafollicular cell adenomas (3.6%), fibromas and squamous cell papillomas of the skin and hepatocellular adenomas (2.0% in each), malignant lymphoma lymphocytic (1.9%), histiocytic sarcomas (1.4%), and adrenal cortical adenomas (1.2%). In female rats, the most common neoplasms were of mammary gland origin (31.3%: fibroadenoma 19.0%, adenocarcinomas 8.8%, and adenomas 3.5%) followed by thyroid parafollicular cell adenomas (2.9%), uterine endometrial stromal polyps (2.6%), adrenal cortical adenomas (1.9%), malignant lymphoma lymphocytic (1.6%), fibromas in the skin (1.3%), and pancreatic islet cell adenoma (1.1%). Metastases were observed from pheochromocytomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, nephroblastomas, renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma, interstitial cell tumor and seminoma of the testes, Zymbal's gland adenocarcinomas, and mammary adenocarcinomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Relationship between cholecystectomy and colonic cancer in low-risk Japanese population. A preliminary study.

The relationship between colonic cancer and previous cholecystectomy was investigated in 90 Japanese patients treated surgically for colonic cancer during the period of 1971 to 1980. The patients were in an area where the inhabitants are considered to be at low risk for colonic cancer. The patients were matched for sex and age with other patients having gastric cancer or other digestive organ diseases. The results showed that previous cholecystectomy was prevalent, but the difference was not statistically significant, in the group of colonic cancer patients, compared with the groups of rectal cancer patients and matched controls. A positive association between the proximal colonic cancer and previous cholecystectomy, and between distal colonic cancer and asymptomatic gallstones found concomitantly with the cancer, was noted in the present study. To clarify the relationship between colonic cancer, and cholecystectomy and gallstones, further study of a large number of colonic cancer patients and a prospective study of the incidence of colonic cancer after cholecystectomy are proposed.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Sentinel nodes of malignancies originating in the alimentary tract.

The feasibility of the sentinel node concept for malignancies originating in the alimentary tract is attracting much interest among researchers in the field of gastrointestinal oncology. We have tested more than 350 such cases and obtained favorable and promising initial results. The detectability of sentinel nodes using endoscopically injected Tc-99m tin colloid for these tumors exceeded 90%. Although the false negative ratio was not so low (approximately 10%), most of these cases had an inaccurate preoperative evaluation of mural invasion and/or a technically unfavorable injection. When the indication is restricted to patients with early-stage disease, and when the radioactive colloid is properly administered, sentinel node navigation therapy would be applicable for gastrointestinal malignancies. To achieve successful sentinel node navigation surgery it is essential to accurately identify sentinel nodes, and lymphoscintigraphy is a very useful test to confirm the location of sentinel nodes preoperatively. However, image processing is required for lymphoscintigrams because the original image depicts only high activity at the injection site and faint radioactivity in the sentinel nodes. We have clearly imaged the silhouette of the body using Compton scattered photons, and have also proposed several methods to improve the contrast between the injection sites and sentinel nodes. Many sentinel nodes can be clearly visualized by subtraction of the background activity with heterogeneous distribution. The development of the portable gamma camera, enabling intraoperative imaging, also contributes to less invasive biopsy of sentinel nodes. We have obtained promising initial results using a portable imaging device with semiconductor detectors. These promising results suggest that sentinel node navigation therapy including radiotherapy will be a new therapy for early-stage gastrointestinal malignancies in the near future, with nuclear medicine contributing to the establishment of new, less invasive therapies for gastrointestinal cancer.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Easy detection of tumor in oncologic whole-body PET by projection reconstruction images with maximum intensity projection algorithm.

Whole-body PET scanning for an oncology study produces a large number of transaxial images by data acquisition over multiple bed positions. The sagittal and coronal reformatted images are often used for better understanding of radioisotope distribution. We reduced the number of PET images by calculating projection images and evaluated the merit of additional data processing for the visualization and detection of tumors. After reconstructing whole-body 18F-FDG PET images (6-8 bed positions) of eight cancer patients, antero-posterior and lateral projection images were calculated by the maximum intensity projection (MIP) algorithm, the standard deviation projection (SD) algorithm and the summed voxel projection (SUM) algorithm. The projection images were compared with 2D whole-body images for visualizing foci. The focal uptakes of various positions in original whole-body PET data (294-392 transaxial images) were visualized on only two MIP reformatted images when superimposition of hot spots did not occur. Even if one hot spot was superimposed over the other hot spot, we could recognize the existence of at least one focus and determine the true positions of the hot spots from corresponding transaxial images. The SD image was found inferior for showing a contrast of small foci to the corresponding MIP images in the neck, mediastinum and abdomen. The SUM image failed to visualize many metastatic lesions. MIP is a promising technique for the easy preliminary assessment of tumor distribution in oncologic whole-body PET study.

Algorithms↗