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Results for “Desegregation”

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116 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Hypoxic tumor cell death and modulation of endothelial adhesion molecules in the regression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-transduced tumors.

C-26 colon adenocarcinoma cells transduced with the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) gene form large tumors when injected into sublethally irradiated mice. These tumors regress when leukocyte function is reconstituted. Electron microscopy and immunocytochemical analysis of regressing C-26/G-CSF nodules indicates that tumor destruction is due mainly to hypoxia resulting from the functional loss of tumor vasculature and is only marginally due to direct cytolysis. Desegregation of basal lamina, cell swelling, and loss of junctions characterized the vessels within regressing tumors. Tumor cells were necrotic or filled with lipid vacuoles regardless of the distance from nearby vessels. Damage of tumor vasculature was dependent on the infiltrating leukocytes and the cytotoxic cytokines they produced. Locally produced interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin on tumor vessels. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or TNF-alpha blocked tumor regression by inhibiting VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression on tumor-associated endothelial cells resulting in a reduced number of infiltrating leukocytes. Thus, C-26/G-CSF tumor regression presents features typical of hemorrhagic necrosis that occurs through the cytokines produced by infiltrating leukocytes in response to G-CSF.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research and development in the new NHS: another challenge for the profession.

The continued implementation of the NHS research and development (R&D) strategy is the latest pressure point in the interaction between the medical profession and the new NHS. As the established funding routes for the support of clinical research are scrutinised and desegregated, there will be disaffected losers as well as winners. Further discussion and debate are needed.

Cost Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Il-2 receptor expression on gastric mucosa T lymphocytes is enhanced in duodenal ulcer patients compared with non-ulcer dyspeptic patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Helicobacter pylori infects an estimated 50% of the world population, however only a small proportion of individuals develop clinical symptoms of gastritis, peptic ulceration or gastric cancer. The variations in disease presentation may be due to differences in bacterial virulence and/or immune response to the pathogen. This study examined the expression of IL-2 receptor and ICAM-1 molecules on gastric mucosa infiltrating T lymphocytes in two groups of H. pylori infected patients: one group with an active ulcer disease and the other with non-ulcerative chronic gastritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: T lymphocytes were isolated from gastric mucosa biopsies by using mechanical and enzymatic tissue desegregation. Ficoll-purified lymphocytes were incubated with monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by using 3-color flow cytometry analysis for the IL-2 receptor (CD25) and ICAM-1 molecule (CD54) expression. Lymphocytes from 37 Helicobacter pylori infected patients with severe gastric mucosa infiltration (G2 and G3 histological type in Sydney classification) were analyzed; 18 patients had at least 5-year history of duodenal ulcer disease (group A) and 19 patients had at least 3-year history of non-ulcer dyspeptic disease (group B). RESULTS: We demonstrated a significant increase in IL-2 receptor expression on gastric mucosa T cells in ulcer patients (group A) compared with non-ulcer dyspeptic patients (group B). However, no difference in CD54 expression was found between the two groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the importance of the local immune response in the development of H. pylori related diseases. Also some interesting points for further study of the association between immune response against H. pylori and the development of duodenal ulcer disease were indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

What if Astyanax had survived? War, children, and youth.

What, then, might have happened to Astyanax had he survived? He might have become a Greek slave and accepted his lot, or he might have felt loyalty and an obligation to his Trojan ancestry and organized acts of revenge. Depending on his personal characteristics and the people and the community that raised him, a number of outcomes are possible. The fact that after 3000 years we know little more than did the Homeric bards, however, gives us reason to be humble. There is evidence that each experience of loss or violence is additive and reduces coping ability. Although the psychologic disturbances of children and youth exposed to war do appear less intense than might have been expected, as Garmezy and Rutter noted in 1985, it is impossible to know the cost, the vulnerabilities that have been veiled, and what might have been. Perhaps the most remarkable thing is how some children seem able to transcend their misfortunes and even to be steeled by them. Coles has recorded how a 6-year-old, African-American girl, initiating school desegregation in New Orleans in the face of mob violence and daily threats to her life, told him that if she managed to get through with some success, she had an explanation: "It will be because there is more to me than I ever realized."

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A geographical analysis of multiethnic households in the United States.

"Using the household-level data provided by the 5% PUMS [Public Use Microdata Sample] data from the 1990 Census, this paper reports the pattern of ethnic mixing at the household level in the U.S. and also describes the geographical patterns of different types of multiethnic households at both the state level and the PUMA [Public Use Microdata Area] level. Several of the largest metropolitan areas are also examined in greater detail. The strong dominance of whites in the process of ethnic mixing is clear, as is the expected dominance of blacks in southeastern U.S. and the dominance of Hispanics in the southwest at the state level. The PUMA-level analysis reveals local clusters of ethnic mixing that are not apparent at the state-level analysis."

Black or African American↗
PubMed1988

Zimbabwe.

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Africa↗