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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Oral contraceptive-induced lupus erythematosus in a Japanese woman.

A case of oral contraceptive-induced lupus erythematosus (LE) was reported. Erythematous skin lesions were noticed on hypothenor sites of palms and acral sites of pedes. Abnormal laboratory findings included an elevated ESR, CRP and weakly positive anti-nuclear antibodies. Skin biopsy specimens from involved skin showed Clq deposits at the dermo-epidermal junction. LE-like symptoms were considered to be induced by oral contraceptives, because her symptoms disappeared after the oral contraceptives were discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of chronic treatment with the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 486 in man: toxicity, immunological, and hormonal aspects.

Suppression of immune function was traditionally thought to occur only with pharmacological levels of glucocorticoids. However, recent studies in rodents have suggested that glucocorticoids exert tonic antiinflammatory/immunosuppressive effects even at basal nonstress concentrations. To examine whether basal glucocorticoid secretion modulates immune function in man we employed the specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486. If a tonic level of inhibition of the immune system by basal glucocorticoid levels was present, then a potentiation or enhancement of immune function might evolve in the absence of glucocorticoid action. To examine this hypothesis, we studied 11 healthy male normal volunteers who received RU 486 (10 mg/kg.day) or placebo vehicle, divided into 2 daily oral doses, for 7-14 days. Blood samples were collected every 2 days for measurement of plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations along with 24-h urine samples for measurement of 17-hydroxysteroid and free cortisol excretion. Complete and differential blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, C-reactive protein, antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and quantitative immunoglobulins were also determined at 2-day intervals. Leukocytes were obtained by leukopheresis for phenotypic characterization and functional analysis before and 7 days after the initiation of RU 486 or placebo therapy. Blockade of cortisol receptors with RU 486 was associated with marked compensatory elevations of plasma ACTH and cortisol and increases in 24-h urinary excretion of 17-hydroxysteroids and free cortisol. Unexpectedly, 8 of the 11 subjects developed generalized exanthem after 9 days of RU 486 treatment. One subject developed symptoms and signs consistent with the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Total white blood cell counts, absolute lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and quantitative immunoglobulins did not change with RU 486 therapy. Similarly, T-, B-, and natural killer cell subsets did not change during RU 486 treatment. Furthermore, functional evaluation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity and proliferation revealed no changes. We conclude that administration of high doses of RU 486 to normal volunteers does not result in measurable enhancement of immune function. This suggests that in man, glucocorticoids may not exert a tonic inhibitory effect on the immune system as they appear to do in rodents. Alternatively, the compensatory increase in endogenous cortisol may obviate any effect of the glucocorticoid antagonist on the immune system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed2003

Complementary and alternative medicines in the treatment of dementia: an evidence-based review.

Alternative medicines may have potential beneficial results in treating certain forms of dementia and related symptoms, as well as slowing disease progression. Alternative medicines may ameliorate disturbances in cognition, mood, sleep and activities of daily living. Primary mechanisms of action include modifications in neurotransmitter synthesis, inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake and enzyme-induced neurotransmitter breakdown, antioxidant and anti-platelet activity, enhanced blood flow and glucose metabolism. Adverse events can include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, mood, autonomic and dermatologic effects. However, adverse events, when reported represent, a small percentage of treated groups and direct links between adverse events and alternative therapies are tenuous. Many studies of alternative medicines in dementia are inconclusive and characterised by methodological deficiencies such as small sample sizes and inadequate controls. If alternative medicines can be shown to be efficacious using more rigorous experimental designs, both consumers and clinicians could avail themselves of a wider range of pharmacological substances that may offer the advantage of being better tolerated and exhibiting safer therapeutic margins than some allopathic medicines. While a number of complementary interventions have shown both strengths and weaknesses, huperzine A, levacecarnine and EGB 761, based on the overall quality of the studies, identified mechanisms of activity and safety profiles merit further examination in controlled clinical outcome studies.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1998

Efavirenz.

Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) which shows good inhibitory activity against HIV-1. Reduced susceptibility to efavirenz has been reported with HIV-1 variants containing single and multiple mutations to the reverse transcriptase enzyme. In vitro and in vivo data suggest that the resistance profile of efavirenz overlaps with that of the NNRTIs nevirapine and delavirdine. Clinically significant drug interactions have been reported with efavirenz and indinavir and saquinavir. An increase in dosage of indinavir from 800 to 1000 mg 3 times daily is recommended during coadministration with efavirenz. Use of efavirenz in combination with saquinavir as the sole protease inhibitor is not recommended. Once-daily efavirenz in combination with zidovudine plus lamivudine or indinavir or nelfinavir increased CD4+ cell counts and reduced HIV RNA plasma levels to below quantifiable levels (< 400 copies/ml) in HIV-infected patients. A sustained reduction in viral load was maintained for at least 72 weeks in 1 study. Nervous system symptoms (including headache, dizziness, insomnia and fatigue) and dermatological effects (including maculopapular rash) appear to be the most common adverse events reported with efavirenz-containing antiretroviral regimens.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Artificial sun protection: sunscreens and their carrier systems.

The formulation of sunscreens products requires information about the properties of the substances responsible for the sun protection, their action mechanisms and the vehicles used for their administration. The improvement of the performance of sunscreen substances by a modification of their chemical, physical and technological properties or by the use of conventional and novel carriers is described in this review. The sun protection achieved by the use of sunscreens incorporated into carriers in terms of the sun protection factor (SPF) and other performance indices is also shown. Current manufacturing methods to incorporate sunscreen substances into vehicles are briefly described. Furthermore, basic information related to the dermatological effects of the UV radiation classified according to the different spectral regions of the UV radiation is presented in this manuscript.

Drug Carriers↗
PubMed2001

Safety of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-M-toluamide (DEET) in pregnancy.

The safety of daily application of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) (1.7 g of DEET/day) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was assessed as part of a double-blind, randomized, therapeutic trial of insect repellents for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy (n = 897). No adverse neurologic, gastrointestinal, or dermatologic effects were observed for women who applied a median total dose of 214.2 g of DEET per pregnancy (range = 0-345.1 g). DEET crossed the placenta and was detected in 8% (95% confidence interval = 2.6-18.2) of cord blood samples from a randomly selected subgroup of DEET users (n = 50). No adverse effects on survival, growth, or development at birth, or at one year, were found. This is the first study to document the safety of DEET applied regularly in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The results suggest that the risk of DEET accumulating in the fetus is low and that DEET is safe to use in later pregnancy.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1992

Medical Complications of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa.

Medical complications of anorexia and bulimia nervosa may include metabolic, renal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrinologic, neurologic, hematologic, immunologic, dental, and/or dermatologic effects. Patient evaluation and differential diagnosis must keep all of these possibilities in mind if the adolescent with an eating disorder is to be successfully treated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

[Hair loss during treatment with oral contraceptives].

Oral contraceptives with a dominant androgen component can cause or worsen androgen-dependent alopecia in women. This diagnosis can only be made if other causes of alopecia (which can occur at the same time as treatment with oral contraceptives) have been excluded. The patient's endocrine profile must be investigated sometimes, this being in order to detect any excess production of androgens. These types of alopecia call for the stopping of the oral contraceptive and sometimes also calls for oral anti-antigen treatment.

Alopecia↗