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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Parahost behavior of adult Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) in Delaware.

Parahost behavior of adult Gasterophilus intestinalis (DeGeer) was observed during the summers of 1978 and 1979 near pastured horses on two farms near Newark, Del. Adult fly occurrence, although sparse in early summer, indicated a gradual increase, with three surges in emergence. In the laboratory, males lived 1-3 d and females 1-2 d. In the field, marked flies were not seen on days following their release. Adult behavior indicated an urgency in mating and oviposition dictated by a short life span. Male flight patterns were characterized by in-flight searches for females and intraspecific conflicts with other males. This behavior appeared to be density dependent. Horses grazing singly or in groups were aggressively defended by hovering males. Following midair coupling, mating took place near horses. Female horse bot flies oviposited in a variety of environmental and parahost conditions. The rate of oviposition varied, but a female could deposit her total complement of 900 eggs in less than 1 h. Egg counts on hosts indicated that horses can ingest greater than 90% of the infective stage larvae through self and mutual grooming. The hanging ovipositor profile identified an ovipositionally spent female. The effective life span of an ovipositing female was 1 d.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Respirable particles and carcinogens in the air of delaware hospitality venues before and after a smoking ban.

How do the concentrations of indoor air pollutants known to increase risk of respiratory disease, cancer, heart disease, and stroke change after a smoke-free workplace law? Real-time measurements were made of respirable particle (RSP) air pollution and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), in a casino, six bars, and a pool hall before and after a smoking ban. Secondhand smoke contributed 90% to 95% of the RSP air pollution during smoking, and 85% to 95% of the carcinogenic PPAH, greatly exceeding levels of these contaminants encountered on major truck highways and polluted city streets. This air-quality survey demonstrates conclusively that the health of hospitality workers and patrons is endangered by tobacco smoke pollution. Smoke-free workplace laws eliminate that hazard and provide health protection impossible to achieve through ventilation or air cleaning.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed1966

Fluorescent-antibody studies of haplosporidian parasites of oysters in Chesapeake and Delaware bays.

A fluorescent antibody was produced against a plasmodial oyster parasite thought to be a haplosporidian, Minchinia nelsoni, which was termed MSX. The antibody reacted with this type of plasmodia from oysters, Crassostrea virginica ( Gmelin), from all sources, and it also reacted with its sporulating and spore stages. This reaction indicates cospecificity of the stages. No reaction occurred with any stage of another oyster haplosporidian, Minchinia costalis, indi- cating that the M. nelsoni and the M. costalis are antigenically distinct species.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effects of sediment-bound zinc contamination on early life stages of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus L.) in the Christina watershed, Delaware, U.S.A.

During the last century, the Christina River, the major estuarine river system in New Castle County (DE, USA), has received loadings of organic and inorganic chemicals, primarily from manufacturing facilities. Among the most abundant chemicals is zinc, which has accumulated in sediments at concentrations as high as 5,440 mg/kg. We studied the possible effects of zinc on early life stages of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), a resident species in the river and watershed. We conducted three different types of exposures. The first was a 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) test with larvae exposed to waterborne zinc. The second was a larval exposure with zinc-spiked sediments (obtained from the relatively uncontaminated Magothy River in Anne Arundel County, MD, USA). The third was an embryo-larval exposure with Christina River sediments having a gradient of zinc concentrations. The average 96-h LC50 with newly hatched yolk sac larvae was 970 lig/L. In the larval tests, the average 7- and 21-d LC50s were 1154 and 1012 mg/kg, respectively. In the embryo-larval test, no significant difference was found in survival at concentrations between 38.8 and 1098 mg/kg. However, significant reductions were observed in condition factor at concentrations of 582, 799, and 1098 mg/kg. We calculated an average no-observed-effects concentration of 579 mg/kg and an average lowest-observed-effects concentration of 849 mg/kg for larval survival. Based on these results, we suggest that zinc in the Christina River may be affecting early life stages of the mummichog.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Surveillance for anthrax cases associated with contaminated letters, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, 2001.

In October 2001, two inhalational anthrax and four cutaneous anthrax cases, resulting from the processing of Bacillus anthracis-containing envelopes at a New Jersey mail facility, were identified. Subsequently, we initiated stimulated passive hospital-based and enhanced passive surveillance for anthrax-compatible syndromes. From October 24 to December 17, 2001, hospitals reported 240,160 visits and 7,109 intensive-care unit admissions in the surveillance area (population 6.7 million persons). Following a change of reporting criteria on November 8, the average of possible inhalational anthrax reports decreased 83% from 18 to 3 per day; the proportion of reports requiring follow-up increased from 37% (105/286) to 41% (47/116). Clinical follow-up was conducted on 214 of 464 possible inhalational anthrax patients and 98 possible cutaneous anthrax patients; 49 had additional laboratory testing. No additional cases were identified. To verify the limited scope of the outbreak, surveillance was essential, though labor-intensive. The flexibility of the system allowed interim evaluation, thus improving surveillance efficiency.

Adult↗