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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Oxytocin antagonists for tocolysis in preterm labour -- a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Oxytocin antagonists have been shown to inhibit uterine contractions and delay preterm delivery. Our objective was to examine the clinical effectiveness and safety of oxytocin antagonists for tocolysis in preterm labour. MATERIAL/METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Science Citation Index using the following Medical Subject Headings and textwords: oxytocin (antagonists and inhibitors), atosiban, antocin, oxytocin antagonists, oxytocin receptor antagonists and oxytocin inhibitors. All randomised controlled trials that compared effectiveness and safety of atosiban with a placebo or another tocolytic in women with threatened or actual preterm labour were included. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of women undelivered by 48 hours from the commencement of treatment. RESULTS: Six articles met the inclusion criteria - two compared atosiban to placebo and four atosiban to a beta-agonist. Meta-analysis showed a significant increase in the proportion of women undelivered by 48 hours in women receiving atosiban compared to placebo (RR 1.13, 95%CI 1.02, 1.26). When compared with beta-agonists, atosiban increased the proportion of women undelivered by 48 hours, but this trend did not reach statistical significance (RR 1.07, 95%CI 0.98, 1.17). Side effect profile was substantially better for atosiban compared to beta-agonists. CONCLUSIONS: Oxytocin antagonists appear to be effective and safe for tocolysis in preterm labour.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2002

A rule driven bi-directional translation system for remapping queries and result sets between a mediated schema and heterogeneous data sources.

As the number of online biomedical data sources increases, so too do the number of ways to access such data. The research described herein focuses on creating a data access system that provides bi-directional translation and mapping of data between heterogeneous databases and a mediated schema. Semantic mapping rules stored in a knowledge base are used by our generalized software to convert XML query results obtained from each data source to a common schema representing a single ontology. We apply this approach to the domain of online genetic databases, demonstrating the system's scalability and integratability.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2002

An assessment of the visibility of MeSH-indexed medical web catalogs through search engines.

Manually indexed Internet health catalogs such as CliniWeb or CISMeF provide resources for retrieving high-quality health information. Users of these quality-controlled subject gateways are most often referred to them by general search engines such as Google, AltaVista, etc. This raises several questions, among which the following: what is the relative visibility of medical Internet catalogs through search engines? This study addresses this issue by measuring and comparing the visibility of six major, MeSH-indexed health catalogs through four different search engines (AltaVista, Google, Lycos, Northern Light) in two languages (English and French). Over half a million queries were sent to the search engines; for most of these search engines, according to our measures at the time the queries were sent, the most visible catalog for English MeSH terms was CliniWeb and the most visible one for French MeSH terms was CISMeF.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2003

Use of on-line evidence-based resources at the point of care.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The utility of on-line evidence-based summary databases for answering clinical questions at the point of care is not well understood. Our objectives were to determine if family physician faculty could answer their questions using on-line resources and the proportion of answers that influenced patient care. METHODS: This was a prospective study in which clinical faculty in an urban residency training office recorded their clinical questions and their search results. RESULTS: Faculty asked 92 questions. Therapy, prognosis, and epidemiology questions were the most common types of inquiries. Fifty-four percent of the questions were fully or partially answered by use of an on-line resource; obtaining an answer required 5-10 minutes of searching. Physicians reported that 62% of the obtained answers modified their opinion, influenced the care of the current patient 56% of the time, and would affect the care of future patients 70% of the time. Slow Internet connection and interruptions were the most frequent barriers reported. DISCUSSION: Practicing physicians inexperienced in the use of on-line evidence-based resources answered a proportion of their clinical questions that was comparable to reports of more-experienced searchers; however, the time required to find answers limits the practical use of these databases during patient care time. On-line summary databases such as those used in this study show promise in providing answers that influence care during the patient's visit. With faster Internet connection (or handheld devices) and improved navigability, such resources have the potential to optimize health care in the primary care setting.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

Understanding search failures in consumer health information systems.

We examined queries that led to search failures on two National Library of Medicine Web-based consumer health sites, ClincialTrials.gov and MEDLINEplus. The purpose of the study was to analyze and categorize queries resulting that led to no results with the ultimate goal of developing interventions to assist users in recovering from those failures. We first analyzed over 2,700 queries, iteratively developing a coding scheme. We subsequently applied the codes to an additional set of 2,000 queries. We found that most of the queries were in scope, relevant to the system being searched, and did not exhibit so-called consumer language. As the final step, we developed a taxonomy based on whether the search failures were due primarily to content issues, to problems in query formulation, or to limitations of the search system. The results reported here have informed the further development of our own systems, and they may be helpful to others as they seek to improve consumer access to health information.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Machine translation-supported cross-language information retrieval for a consumer health resource.

The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through its National Library of Medicine, developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide the public with easy access to information on clinical trials on a wide range of conditions or diseases. Only English language information retrieval is currently supported. Given the growing number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. and their increasing use of the Web, we anticipate a significant increase in Spanish-speaking users. This study compares the effectiveness of two common cross-language information retrieval methods using machine translation, query translation versus document translation, using a subset of genuine user queries from ClinicalTrials.gov. Preliminary results conducted with the ClinicalTrials.gov search engine show that in our environment, query translation is statistically significantly better than document translation. We discuss possible reasons for this result and we conclude with suggestions for future work.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Efficient prediction of alternative splice forms using protein domain homology.

Alternative splicing can yield manifold different mature mRNAs from one precursor. New findings indicate that alternative splicing occurs much more often than previously assumed. A major goal of functional genomics lies in elucidating and characterizing the entire spectrum of alternative splice forms. Existing approaches such as EST-alignments focus only on the mRNA sequence to detect alternative splice forms. They do not consider function and characteristics of the resulting proteins. One important example of such functional characterization is homology to a known protein domain family. A powerful description of protein domains are profile Hidden Markov models (HMM) as stored in the Pfam database. In this paper we address the problem of identifying the splice form with the highest similarity to a protein domain family. Therefore, we take into consideration all possible splice forms. As demonstrated here for a number of genes, this homology based approach can be used successfully for predicting partial gene structures. Furthermore, we present some novel splice form predictions with high-scoring protein domain homology and point out that the detection of splice form specific protein domains helps to answer questions concerning hereditary diseases. Simple approaches based on a BLASTP search cannot be applied here, since the number of possible splice forms increases exponentially with the number of exons. To this end, we have developed an efficient polynomial-time algorithm, called ASFPred (Alternative Splice Form Prediction). This algorithm needs only a set of exons as input.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

[Knowledge discovery in database and its application in clinical diagnosis].

Nowadays the tremendous amount of data has far exceeded our human ability for comprehension, and this has been particularly true for the medical database. However, traditional statistical techniques are no longer adequate for analyzing this vast collection of data. Knowledge discovery in database and data mining play an important role in analyzing data and uncovering important data patterns. This paper briefly presents the concepts of knowledge discovery in database and data mining, then describes the rough set theory, and gives some examples based on rough set.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2004

Towards the automatic generation of biomedical sources schema.

Biologists and physicians need to access biological and medical data for their experimentations and researches. This information is available on the Internet and is scattered over many heterogeneous data sources. Collecting information is consequently tedious, time consuming and must be improved. To cope with this difficulty, our overall objective is to realize a mediator-based system to integrate heterogeneous biomedical data sources. This requires first an automatic generation of source schema, which is the goal of this work. For that, we describe an algorithm which is based on information extraction. It consists of the extraction of meta-information from each source to infer their schema. Our system enables users to access relevant and specific data, which are up-to-date. To solve the semantic heterogeneity of data sources, we are considering the creation of an ontology. Finally, the management of source evolution is discussed

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Strategies for supporting consumer health information seeking.

Despite a growing number of available Web-based health information resources, consumers continue to face a variety of barriers as they attempt to access these resources. Developing a system that appropriately responds to user queries poses several challenges. Guided by an earlier study that analyzed a large number of queries submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov, we developed a variety of techniques to assist user information seeking. We tested the efficacy of these techniques by submitting the original user queries to our new search engine to determine if these techniques would result in better system performance. Overall, the number of query failures was reduced, but the largest improvement was found in the system's query suggestion capability. For a subset of query failures, the current system was able to cut the earlier failure rate almost in half, in most cases providing a suggestion rather than directly finding records. The techniques described here provide a new approach for responding to user queries. The techniques are tolerant of certain types of errors and provide feedback to assist users in reformulating their queries.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

Design, implementation and management of a web-based data entry system for ClinicalTrials.gov.

We describe the development and deployment of a web-based authoring capability, the first implementation of which is used for data entry and management in support of the ClinicalTrials.gov web site. The system facilitates efficient collection of summary protocol information from multiple geographically-dispersed organizations. We explain the motivation for developing this capability, and cite critical design goals. We then describe system design, implementation and operation, focusing on essential aspects of each. We conclude with a summary of the extent to which we met our stated objectives.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

New approach for the identification of folate-related pathways in human embryogenesis.

The role of natural folate intake and synthetic folic acid supplementation in the prevention of some congenital malformations is known, but on a molecular biological level poorly understood. In a first approach to identify folate-regulated pathways in human embryogenesis, tryptic digests of Epstein Barr Virus-immortalized B-lymphoblasts proteins from 6 cleft lip and/or palate patients and 2 controls were compared using matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation--time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. After immortalisation, the lymphoblasts were cultured for 22 days in folate-rich, i.e. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-mTHF), or folate-free medium. On day 22, 5-mTHF was added to the folate-free cultures and the profiles on day 22 and 23 were compared. After background correction for the peptide profiles of the folate-rich cultures, we found in the folate-free mediaseveral differentially expressed peptide peaks upon addition of 5-mTHF. These peptide peaks were mass annotated and matched withthe MSDB human database. The results suggest some folate-regulated protein candidates as Frizzled and the Rho GTP-ases WRCH and Chp that are known in human embryogenesis. Differential folate expressed proteins in patients and controls, however, have to be further investigated.

B-Lymphocytes↗