Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Data visualisation”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Digital subtraction sialography, conventional sialography, high-resolution ultrasonography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of salivary gland diseases.

Forty-one patients with salivary gland disorders have been evaluated by digital subtraction sialography, conventional sialography, high-resolution ultrasonography and computed tomography, and the results compared with clinical, surgical and pathomorphological data. In the case of salivary gland masses, the sensitivity of ultrasonography, CT and digital subtraction sialography was 100%, 82% and 71%, respectively, while in the case of sialadenitis, the respective figures were 54%, 69% and 85%. The image quality of digital subtraction sialography was superior to that of conventional sialography in 80%, equal in 16%, and inferior in 3% of the examinations. We conclude that in all cases of salivary gland diseases ultrasound should be the first imaging procedure. If a tumour is not confirmed, digital subtraction sialography should be employed to visualise inflammatory changes, while in most cases of salivary gland masses no further imaging will be necessary.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Exploring shared biomarkers and their mechanisms in thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus via bioinformatics analysis.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disorder, is linked to a heightened risk of multiple malignancies, including thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignancy of the endocrine system, and its autoimmune-related pathological features render it an optimal subject for investigating the mechanisms of their comorbidity. The molecular mechanisms underlying this comorbidity are still ambiguous. The accurate diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer urgently necessitate innovative molecular targets that extend beyond conventional pathological characteristics. This study seeks to employ integrated bioinformatics approaches to elucidate potential shared molecular mechanisms and immunological features between thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), aiming to enhance understanding of their comorbidity and identify novel intervention targets. METHODS: This study initially acquired gene expression data for TC and SLE from the GEO database and subsequently screened and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by both diseases. Subsequently, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome functional enrichment analyses on these 46 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and further assessed the activation status of pertinent pathways using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Subsequently, we employed CIBERSORTx to examine immune infiltration patterns and developed protein-protein interaction networks utilising the STRING database. We identified hub genes utilising the MCODE and cytoHubba plugins and visualised the findings with Cytoscape software. We additionally assessed the diagnostic efficacy of these core hub genes in an independent dataset utilising ROC curves and investigated their prognostic relevance in thyroid cancer through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Ultimately, we employed the Network Analyst platform to forecast transcription factor-gene and miRNA-gene regulatory networks and identified potential targeted therapeutic compounds utilising the DSigDB database. RESULTS: This study identified 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) commonly linked to thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which were significantly enriched in signalling pathways associated with immune-inflammatory activation, type I interferon responses, and complement pathway activation. Moreover, GSEA findings validated that immune-inflammatory and autoimmune-related pathways are markedly activated in both conditions. Twelve hub genes were discerned through protein-protein interaction networks. Analysis of immune infiltration indicated that thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus exhibit a shared characteristic of innate immune dysregulation, marked by the infiltration of myeloid cells (neutrophils, M0/M2 macrophages). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified six significant core hub genes with substantial diagnostic value: C1QB, LCN2, C1QC, LTF, VSIG4, and C3AR1. Univariate survival analysis indicated that elevated expression of C1QC and C3AR1 significantly enhances overall survival in thyroid cancer patients; however, multivariate COX regression analysis revealed that their independent prognostic significance necessitates further validation. This study predicted the interaction networks of transcription factors and miRNAs regulating key genes, with LCN2 demonstrating the highest connectivity to miRNAs, and identified candidate therapeutic compounds linked to it. CONCLUSION: This study employed bioinformatics analysis to identify critical shared hub genes and molecular pathways connecting thyroid cancer and systemic lupus erythematosus, offering novel insights into their shared pathogenesis and the advancement of targeted biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.

Bioinformatics analysis↗
PubMed1991

Experience with a new method for percutaneous renal biopsy.

Between January 1989 and August 1990 a new technique for percutaneous renal biopsy was evaluated in all patients undergoing native kidney biopsy in our hospital. The method combines the use of an automated biopsy device, disposable biopsy needles, and a needle guide attached to an ultrasound probe. This allows real-time ultrasound scanning throughout the procedure. All biopsies were performed by trainee nephrologists. The success of the technique was evaluated by analysis of histopathological data, and the complications of the procedure from case-notes and nursing records. During the study 192 biopsies were attempted, of which 188 (97.8%) were successful. For each biopsy a mean of 2.8 needle passes were required and 75% of these obtained cores of tissue. An average of 25 glomeruli (range 1-90) were seen per biopsy. Although microscopic haematuria was almost invariable, there were no episodes of frank haematuria and no blood transfusion or surgical intervention was required. The new method is simple, providing accurate localisation of the kidney coupled with direct visualisation of the biopsy, and results in a very high success rate. Intrarenal needle dwell time is kept to a minimum and there were only minor complications. This technique deserves more widespread use.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dynamic NMR cardiac imaging in a piglet.

NMR echo-planar imaging (EPI) has been used in a realtime mode to visualise the thorax of a live piglet. Moving pictures are available on an immediate image display system which demonstrates dynamic cardiac function. Frame rates vary from one per cardiac cycle in a prospective stroboscopic mode with immediate visual output to a maximum of 10 frames per second yielding up to six looks in one piglet heart cycle, but using a visual playback mode. A completely new system has been used to obtain these images, features of which include a probe assembly with 22 cm access and an AP400 array processor for real-time data processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Detection of human spermatid-specific transcripts in peripheral blood lymphocytes of males and females.

We describe the detection of ectopic ("illegitimate") transcripts of the proacrosin and protamine 2 genes, which are specific for human spermatogenesis, in non-cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes. After specifically-primed reverse transcription of total lymphocyte RNA, these rare transcripts can be directly visualised after two rounds of polymerase chain reaction with nested primers. Sequence and restriction analyses of the corresponding fragments have confirmed that transcripts of proacrosin and protamine 2 are present in the lymphocytes not only of males, but also of adult females.

Acrosin↗
PubMed1992

[Gait analysis--a prerequisite for general movement analysis].

Our system for analysis of gait is a combined visualisation of angular velocities in any joint with dynamic measurements of pressure at the sole while walking in a natural surrounding. Infrared reflectors are attached to chosen parts of the body. Their position in space is sampled over time and transferred to an easily manageable personal computer that visualizes motion in progression as angular velocities. Pressure at the sole is measured by pressure sensors. The magnitude of force is expressed as calibrated circular areas following the dynamic course of gait. The system is accurate and easily operated. The time necessary for measurements and evaluation of data as well as the costs render an application in daily clinical work acceptable.

Foot↗
PubMed1994

Investigation of subjects with abnormal iron studies: role of the hepatic iron index.

AIM: Genetic haemochromatosis is a common disorder resulting in increased iron deposition in the liver and other organs but can be difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the conventional tests for iron overload (percentage saturation of transferrin, serum ferritin and grading of iron staining on liver biopsy) and compare these with the newer quantitative biochemical measurements of liver iron. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was made of 108 consecutive patients referred for quantitative liver iron measurements. Iron studies were obtained in 66 of the 108 subjects of whom 60 had abnormal screening tests defined as percent saturation of transferrin (> 60%) and/or ferritin > 350 micrograms/L for females and > 450 micrograms/L for males. Based on clinical features, biochemical data and treatment outcome these 60 subjects were classified as either genetic haemochromatosis, nongenetic haemochromatosis or indeterminate. One patient with treated genetic haemochromatosis was excluded from subsequent analysis. RESULTS: Although the serum ferritin (p < 0.002), percentage saturation of transferrin (p < 0.001), histological iron grade (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the genetic haemochromatosis than nongenetic haemochromatosis group there was considerable overlap. Similarly for the hepatic iron concentration (HIC) (p < 0.0001) overlap occurred. The hepatic iron index (HIC/age) gave the best separation with only three cases being misclassified. A correlation between the HII and histological iron index (visualised iron score corrected for age) in 15 subjects gave an r value of 0.72. CONCLUSION: Based on this study we feel that in addition to visual grading of iron in liver biopsies, the hepatic iron index is helpful in establishing a diagnosis of genetic haemochromatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Two-stage model for integration of the lysis protein E of phi X174 into the cell envelope of Escherichia coli.

As a tool for determining the topology of the small, 91-amino acid phi X174 lysis protein E within the envelope complex of Escherichia coli, a lysis active fusion of protein E with streptavidin (E-FXa-StrpA) was used. The E-FXa-StrpA fusion protein was visualised using immune electron microscopy with gold-conjugated anti-streptavidin antibodies within the envelope complex in different orientations. At the distinct areas of lysis characteristic for protein E, the C-terminal end of the fusion protein was detected at the surface of the outer membrane, whereas at other areas the C-terminal portion of the protein was located at the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane. These results suggest that a conformational change of protein E is necessary to induce the lysis process, an assumption supported by proteinase K protection studies. The immune electron microscopic data and the proteinase K accessibility studies of the E-FXa-StrA fusion protein were used for the working model of the E-mediated lysis divided into three phases: phase 1 is characterised by integration of protein E into the inner membrane without a cytoplasmic status in a conformation with its C-terminal part facing the cytoplasmic side; phase 2 is characterised by a conformational change of the protein transferring the C-terminus across the inner membrane; phase 3 is characterised by a fusion of the inner and outer membranes and is associated with a transfer of the C-terminal domain of protein E towards the surface of the outer membrane of E. coli.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1985

Post mortem uterine arteriography and in vivo angiographic diagnosis.

Arteriography of the small pelvis was done to obtain exact data on the extension of uterine tumours. Some findings were useful in differential diagnostics in vivo. The borderline between the uterine corpus and collum cannot be characterized by the elbow of the uterine artery (the end of its parametrian part) but by the most medial loop of the ascending part of the vessel, coinciding with the end of the cervical canal. The cervix gets its blood supply from the uterine artery only in two-thirds of the cases and even if so, the cervico-vaginal branch takes its origin not from the isthmic but from the parametrian part of the uterine artery. Visualisation of small arteries in the parametrium is difficult in vivo mostly because of their modest vascularity.

Angiography↗
PubMed1991

A simple and rapid method for detecting human immunodeficiency virus by PCR.

A simple, sensitive and specific method using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is described. The method involves minimal manipulations. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were prepared by a rapid Ficoll-Paque gradient method. Lymphocytes were lysed in PCR buffer containing Proteinase K and detergents, and subjected to amplification under stringent conditions, using two primer pairs. Amplified DNA sequences were hybridized with a 3'-end labelled probe, electrophoresed on agarose gels and visualised by ethidium bromide staining. Identification of amplified HIV-1 proviral DNA sequences was confirmed by autoradiography. HIV-1 sequences were amplified in all samples from 103 HIV-1 seropositive individuals, but not in 40 HIV-1 seronegative controls. The absence of contamination may be attributable in part to minimisation of manipulations before amplification.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Discriminant functions.

Discriminant Functions (DFs), first described by Fisher in 1936, have been applied to the classification of microcytic disorders such as iron deficiency and heterozygous thalassemia. Mathematically DFs are weighted linear combinations of variables. If the underlying assumption of multivariate normality is valid DFs provide the best possible classification. Variables may need to be transformed before the DF is derived. When two groups have to be classified it is easy to visualise the DF. With one variable the DF is represented by the point which provides the best separation. In the bivariate situation the two groups form ellipses and the DF is the best line of separation whilst in the trivariate case the two groups are ellipsoids and a plane forms the best separation. Ratios and power functions are equivalent to DFs but they are less efficient and less rigorously derived. To apply DFs in hematological practice it is necessary to carefully select the measurements to be included and to define the case selection criteria. Once the DF has been derived it should be tested on a new data set and its transferability assessed. Like any single test the DF will have sensitivity and specificity which may need to be adjusted by changing the "cut-off" if the DF is used for screening rather than for differential diagnosis.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed1994

In situ hybridisation and in situ polymerase chain reaction detection of parvovirus B19 DNA within cells.

Modification of an in situ polymerase chain reaction (ISPCR) technique is described for the detection of B19 parvovirus infection. Specific amplification of B19 DNA inside fixed cells was followed by hybridisation with a digoxigenin-labelled probe and then visualised by immunochemical reaction. The assay had higher sensitivity compared to direct in situ hybridisation and still allowed cellular localisation and characterisation of infected cells. This assay can be used as a confirmatory method for PCR in tissues and will allow further identification of tissues permissive for B19 parvovirus infection.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Linkage studies of X-linked mental retardation: high frequency of recombination in the telomeric region of the human X chromosome (fragile site/linkage/recombination/X chromosome).

One of the commonest forms of X-linked mental retardation is associated with a fragile site at Xq27 on the human X chromosome which can be visualised structurally after culturing cells in folate-deficient media. Unusually, the mutation can be transmitted through a phenotypically normal male. There is already some evidence that the gene loci for G6PD and factor IX are linked to this mental retardation locus. We have followed the inheritance of a DNA sequence 52A, in fragile site families that are also informative for factor IX. We demonstrate that these probes are localised at Xq27/Xq28-Xqter, close physically to the fragile site. We did not find close linkage between 52A, factor IX, and the fragile site in the families studied despite 52A and factor IX showing linkage in normal families. We discuss the importance of these data for the genetic mapping of this region of the human X chromosome and the implication for the use of these DNA probes for clinical diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Visualisation by low-angle shadowing of the leucocyte-common antigen. A major cell surface glycoprotein of lymphocytes.

The leucocyte-common antigen (L-CA) from rat thymocytes is a cell surface glycoprotein of 180 000 apparent mol. wt. with an 80-kd cytoplasmic domain. This paper reports the molecular dimensions of the molecule visualised by electron microscopy after low-angle shadowing. The L-CA monomer consists of a globular head region of approximately 12 nm diameter and a short tail approximately 18 nm long. In deoxycholate both monomers and multimers are seen with aggregation occurring at the head groups. When the detergent is removed, larger clusters are formed with tails extending from a central aggregate. A 100-kd tryptic fragment of L-CA that is known to include the extracellular parts of the molecule also exists in monomer and multimer forms and is seen to have a rod-like structure of length 28 nm without evidence of the head group. Altogether the data indicate that the rod-like structure is found outside the cell and that the extra sequence that forms the head is inside. The tryptic fragment is likely to be derived by cleavage after the transmembrane sequence.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Alterations of CAP audiogram by increased endolymphatic pressure and its relation to hydrops.

Most current theories regarding the inner ear pathology of Menières disease assume that there is an augmentation of the endolymphatic pressure due to the presence of hydrops. In this study normal hearing pigmented guinea pigs were employed to investigate the effect of increased endolymphatic pressure on the compound action potential (CAP) audiogram. All animals were implanted with an electrode on the round window and the CAP audiogram was determined prior to further surgery. The endolymphatic canal was then visualised by a posterior fossa intra-dural surgical approach. A hole was pierced in the canal and a cannula inserted. The CAP audiogram was again determined before, and at frequent intervals after, the application of hydrostatic pressure (0.5-1 cm Hg). A similar sequence of CAP sensitivity losses was observed within 2 h for 0.5 cm Hg or 15 min for 1 cm Hg. There was at first a very high frequency loss, followed by a very low frequency loss and finally a mid frequency sensitivity loss rendered the audiogram flat and lying around 50 dB sound pressure level. Given that the first characteristic index for experimental hydrops is a low frequency loss the present data suggest that an increase in endolymphatic pressure, as in these experiments, is likely to be a rather late pathological feature of hydrops. Indeed we have shown that a high frequency loss develops at a second phase during the evolution of hydrops.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1991

A novel protein antigen of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, located on the surface of gametes and sporozoites.

A Plasmodium falciparum cDNA clone was isolated of which the insert is transcribed at high rates as a 1.4-kb mRNA in the sexual stages of the malaria parasite. The cDNA clone contains a copy of a non-interrupted gene which codes for a protein of 157 amino acids (Mr = 16607). This 16-kDa protein does not contain repetitive sequences and is characterised by a putative N-terminal signal sequence, a hydrophobic membrane anchor sequence and a highly hydrophilic C-terminal region suggesting that it is an integral membrane protein. Rabbit antisera raised against a synthetic peptide covering amino acids 31-47 of the 16-kDa protein and against recombinant fusion proteins recognised the 16-kDa antigen in protein extracts of gametocytes, macrogamete/zygotes and sporozoites by Western blot analysis. The rabbit antisera also reacted with gametes, gametocytes and sporozoites in a standard immunofluorescence assay. By immunoelectron microscopy using the protein A-gold method the 16-kDa protein could be clearly visualised on the surface of macrogametes and sporozoites, whereas the antigen was not detectable in the asexual erythrocytic stages of the parasite. The 16-kDa antigen of P. falciparum therefore might have the potential to elicit a dual protective immune response against the sporozoite and sexual stage parasites.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Laparoscopic laser cholecystectomy: our first 200 patients.

A series of 200 consecutive patients were considered for laparoscopic laser cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic laser cholecystectomy was attempted in 195 cases and was performed in 192 cases. Laparoscopy was performed in five patients, but laparoscopic cholecystectomy was not attempted owing to dense adhesions (3), cholangiocarcinoma (1) and an absent gallbladder (1). The indications for operation were symptomatic gallstones which included biliary colic (142), acute cholecystitis (49) and gallstone pancreatitis (9). The median duration of operation was 75 min. Operative cholangiography was attempted in 151 (77%) of cases, and was successful in 85% of attempts. Laparoscopic common bile duct visualisation was performed three times with successful stone extraction twice. The other common bile duct was normal. The median duration of postoperative hospital stay was 2 days, for return to normal activity 6 days, and for return to work 10 days. Mean analgesic and antiemetic requirements were approximately one-third of those for open cholecystectomy. Of the patients, 94% reported good or excellent overall satisfaction and 96% reported excellent cosmetic results. Seven complications occurred (4%). Three patients had immediate conversion to laparotomy owing to haemorrhage (2) and gallbladder rupture (1). Four patients required laparotomy for postoperative complications (common bile duct damage, slipped clips from cystic duct, perforated duodenum and leaking accessory hepatic duct). No complications occurred in the last 140 cases. These data suggest that laparoscopic laser cholecystectomy reduces the discomfort of laparotomy and allows a shorter postoperative recovery. The operation has a learning curve, but will ultimately be applicable to the majority of patients with symptomatic gallstones.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical localisation of nerve growth factor in a subpopulation of chick spinal ganglion neurons.

We have previously isolated and sequenced the chicken nerve growth factor (NGF) gene and now, from the deduced amino acid sequence, selected and produced peptides suitable for use as antigens. Anti-sera raised against these peptides inhibit the biological activity of a partially purified preparation of native chicken NGF and, when used in immunocytochemical studies, allow the visualisation of sensory neurons accumulating endogenous NGF. Immunoreactive cells form a distinct population of small neurons which may correspond to the well-described neurons generated in the dorsomedial area of spinal ganglia. We conclude that two subpopulations of neurons exist within dorsal root ganglia, whose requirements for, and use of, NGF may be quite distinct.

Amino Acid Sequence↗